A break through in Turfgrass research and development, Princess 77 is the world’s first dense, fine textured hybrid bermudagarss variety to be available in seed form.
Perennial ryegrasses are very compe44ve cool season grasses that grow in a wide range of climates. It does best in full sun but will tolerate light shade. Desirable traits of perennial ryegrass are high wear tolerance and rapid establishment making it popular for sportsfields, playgrounds and parks. Manha:an 5GLR has improved tolerance to gray leaf spot disease and possesses improved salt tolerance. Manha:an 5GLR is a cer4fied “AQUAWISE” product meaning that it has been bred and tested to show improved drought tolerance.
Jon Hill Turf | What is Turf Grass and its ManagementJon Hill Turf
Jon Hill Turf explains here all about the turfgrass and its management. Turfgrass means a collection of grass plants that form a ground cover. Jon Hill Turf is an expert in laying turf profession.
According to University reports, Buffalograss is among the most drought tolerant grasses. Bowie Buffalograss is an improved variety that exhibits fine leaf texture, good turf density, and a low growth habit. For more information regarding buffalo grass visit http://www.stoverseed.com/p_turfgrass_95.html
Canola is an annual rabi crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family. It has a taproot system and produces elongated racemes with pods containing seeds. Canola cultivation originated in India, China, and Japan over 200 years ago, where it was first grown for its oil. Canola is grown for its young leaves used as vegetables, and oil used in cooking, pickles, industry and lubricants. It grows best in temperate regions with average temperatures of 30°C and well-drained soil, and is commonly grown under irrigation in Punjab and Sindh.
Cultivation practices of rapeseed and mustard crop pptjanhavimaurya
This document provides information on cultivation practices for rapeseed and mustard crops. It discusses suitable soil types, varieties, sowing times, seed rates, spacing, fertilizer application, pest and disease management, water requirements, mulching, crop rotation, harvesting, and yields. Key recommendations include applying 50:60:30 kg NPK/ha, controlling white rust and Alternaria blight through fungicide sprays, and harvesting when pods turn yellow to avoid losses from shattering. Average yields of 10-12 q/ha for rapeseed and 15-20 q/ha for mustard can be achieved through improved practices. The economics section analyzes the production costs and profits from cultivating mustard, estimating a net profit of Rs.
1. The document provides information about the crops Mustard and Rapeseed, including their botanical names, uses, cultivation practices, and yields.
2. Mustard and Rapeseed are the third most important edible oilseed crops worldwide. They are grown in many countries including India, where they account for nearly one-third of edible oil production.
3. The document discusses the crops' origins, varieties, seed rates, land preparation, irrigation needs, harvesting, and expected yields. Mustard yields are typically higher than Rapeseed at 2.0-2.5 tons/hectare compared to 1.4-2.0 tons/hectare.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. It is a herbaceous annual plant with a taproot and yellow flowers. Groundnuts are classified based on growth habit into erect bunch types and spreading trailing types. They grow best in well-drained sandy or sandy loam soils receiving 50-125 cm of rainfall annually. Groundnuts are used as food, for oil extraction, and animal feed, and provide nutritional and economic benefits.
Rapeseed-mustard is the second most important oil crop in Pakistan, grown on 307,000 hectares annually producing 233,000 tonnes. It is a rich source of oil and protein. Canola varieties have been developed that are lower in anti-nutritive compounds. Rapeseed grows best in temperate regions under cool temperatures and requires 3-4 irrigations. Key pests that can damage establishment include red-legged earth mites and blue oat mites, while cabbage aphids and turnip aphids threaten crops during flowering and pod formation.
Perennial ryegrasses are very compe44ve cool season grasses that grow in a wide range of climates. It does best in full sun but will tolerate light shade. Desirable traits of perennial ryegrass are high wear tolerance and rapid establishment making it popular for sportsfields, playgrounds and parks. Manha:an 5GLR has improved tolerance to gray leaf spot disease and possesses improved salt tolerance. Manha:an 5GLR is a cer4fied “AQUAWISE” product meaning that it has been bred and tested to show improved drought tolerance.
Jon Hill Turf | What is Turf Grass and its ManagementJon Hill Turf
Jon Hill Turf explains here all about the turfgrass and its management. Turfgrass means a collection of grass plants that form a ground cover. Jon Hill Turf is an expert in laying turf profession.
According to University reports, Buffalograss is among the most drought tolerant grasses. Bowie Buffalograss is an improved variety that exhibits fine leaf texture, good turf density, and a low growth habit. For more information regarding buffalo grass visit http://www.stoverseed.com/p_turfgrass_95.html
Canola is an annual rabi crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family. It has a taproot system and produces elongated racemes with pods containing seeds. Canola cultivation originated in India, China, and Japan over 200 years ago, where it was first grown for its oil. Canola is grown for its young leaves used as vegetables, and oil used in cooking, pickles, industry and lubricants. It grows best in temperate regions with average temperatures of 30°C and well-drained soil, and is commonly grown under irrigation in Punjab and Sindh.
Cultivation practices of rapeseed and mustard crop pptjanhavimaurya
This document provides information on cultivation practices for rapeseed and mustard crops. It discusses suitable soil types, varieties, sowing times, seed rates, spacing, fertilizer application, pest and disease management, water requirements, mulching, crop rotation, harvesting, and yields. Key recommendations include applying 50:60:30 kg NPK/ha, controlling white rust and Alternaria blight through fungicide sprays, and harvesting when pods turn yellow to avoid losses from shattering. Average yields of 10-12 q/ha for rapeseed and 15-20 q/ha for mustard can be achieved through improved practices. The economics section analyzes the production costs and profits from cultivating mustard, estimating a net profit of Rs.
1. The document provides information about the crops Mustard and Rapeseed, including their botanical names, uses, cultivation practices, and yields.
2. Mustard and Rapeseed are the third most important edible oilseed crops worldwide. They are grown in many countries including India, where they account for nearly one-third of edible oil production.
3. The document discusses the crops' origins, varieties, seed rates, land preparation, irrigation needs, harvesting, and expected yields. Mustard yields are typically higher than Rapeseed at 2.0-2.5 tons/hectare compared to 1.4-2.0 tons/hectare.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. It is a herbaceous annual plant with a taproot and yellow flowers. Groundnuts are classified based on growth habit into erect bunch types and spreading trailing types. They grow best in well-drained sandy or sandy loam soils receiving 50-125 cm of rainfall annually. Groundnuts are used as food, for oil extraction, and animal feed, and provide nutritional and economic benefits.
Rapeseed-mustard is the second most important oil crop in Pakistan, grown on 307,000 hectares annually producing 233,000 tonnes. It is a rich source of oil and protein. Canola varieties have been developed that are lower in anti-nutritive compounds. Rapeseed grows best in temperate regions under cool temperatures and requires 3-4 irrigations. Key pests that can damage establishment include red-legged earth mites and blue oat mites, while cabbage aphids and turnip aphids threaten crops during flowering and pod formation.
This document provides information about wheat production in India. It discusses that wheat is the most widely grown cereal grain in the world. In India, wheat is commonly grown in the alluvial soils of the Gangetic plains and black cotton soils of central India. Optimal growing conditions include temperatures between 20-25°C during growth and dry, warm weather during harvesting. Common wheat varieties grown in India include T. aestivum and T. durum. The document outlines best practices for soil preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilizer application, weed control and harvesting of wheat crops in India.
There are three main nursery bed methods for growing rice seedlings for transplanting - wet-bed, dry-bed, and dapog (mat) nursery. The wet-bed method uses puddled soil and is best where water is abundant. Dry-bed nurseries are used with insufficient water by keeping beds moist. Dapog nurseries use polythene sheets and soil/FYM mixtures to quickly grow seedlings in 18-20 days for machine transplanting without damaging roots. Each method has advantages like hardier seedlings or reduced labor, and disadvantages such as water needs, weeding, or seedling quality.
The document discusses saltwater intrusion affecting rice cultivation in Bangladesh. It notes that the amount of salt-affected land has increased from 0.75 million hectares in 1973 to 0.95 million hectares in 2009. It then describes efforts by Bangladeshi organizations like BINA and BRRI to develop salt-tolerant rice varieties that allow farmers to cultivate rice in saline soils, including varieties like Binadhan-10 that can tolerate up to 12 ds/m salinity. The document concludes by outlining best practices for seed production of salt-tolerant rice varieties, including rouging off-types, proper harvesting, drying seeds to 12% moisture, and storing seeds in air-tight bags.
High tunnel raspberries can provide several advantages over field production including extended harvest seasons, increased yields, and improved fruit quality. There are two main types of tunnels used - multi-bay tunnels which provide partial seasonal protection and single-bay tunnels which can be kept closed year-round. While tunnels increase production costs and labor needs, they can allow growers to diversify crop production and access new markets by supplying fresh local berries for longer periods. Pests like spider mites and diseases tend to be reduced in tunnels compared to fields. Proper ventilation is important for temperature control and disease prevention.
This document discusses different methods for establishing turf grass, including seeding, sodding, stolonization, sprigging, and plugging. It provides details on each method such as appropriate grass types and seasons for seeding, sod requirements, plant material needs for stolonization and sprigging, and using plugs or strips for sodding. Recommendations are also provided for proper installation and care of newly laid sod or plugs.
Gherkin pickled is a favorite lunch substitute in West Sibanda and Chitale (1999) 80 reported that the juice of “cucumis anguria L”, fruit is being used to treat the wounds in liverstock and antifeedant in granaries. Gherkin is also an important source of earning foreign exchange that is needed for importing capital goods for the rapidly expanding industrial sector.
The document discusses major constraints to pulse production including agro-ecological, physiological, lack of high yielding varieties, poor agronomic management, socio-economic factors, research and extension gaps, and post-harvest issues. It then provides details on the cultivation of three specific pulses - greengram, blackgram, and mungbean - covering their classification, climate requirements, suitable soils, field preparation techniques, recommended varieties, sowing times and methods, fertilizer use, weed control, harvesting, and typical yields.
The document discusses the production technology of cluster bean, also known as guar. It is an annual legume grown for its seeds and guar gum. Varieties grown in Pakistan include BR-90, BR-99, and BR-2017. Cluster bean grows well in semi-arid regions and tolerates drought and salinity. It requires temperatures between 25-30°C and a pH of 7.0-8.0. Sowing is done from February to July, with a seed rate of 5-6 kg/acre. Fertilizer and two weedings are also needed. Pests include jassid, termites and beetles. Harvest occurs 50-80 days after sowing. Grain
1) Ionique Company Limited (ICL) is a joint-venture company established by partners from 4 countries to combine technologies and achieve maximum potential.
2) ICL received investment and certification from the Thai government and certification for its organic fertilizers.
3) ICL's vision is to be a leader in agricultural processing with high efficiency and environmentally-friendly products globally.
by Marco Felix Valdez
April 7, 2019
The purpose of this variety trial is to provide measurement by collecting data of the different varieties of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in terms of growth performance, provided with minimum management practices.
Cluster bean, also known as guar, is a drought-tolerant legume cultivated for its gum-producing seeds. There are three main varieties grown in Pakistan: BR-90, BR-99, and BR-2017. Guar prefers well-drained sandy loam soil and grows well in dry, sandy regions of Pakistan. It is planted between April and July after plowing and applying fertilizer. Guar provides cattle fodder, fixes nitrogen in soil, and its seeds are used to make galactomannan gum for paper and other industries. Fodder yields range from 30-40 tons/hectare in irrigated areas down to 10-15 tons/hectare in dryland areas
This document provides information on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), including its scientific name, origin in Africa, common uses, production statistics in India, recommended growing conditions, cultivation practices from land preparation to harvesting, pests and diseases, and standards for seed production. Cowpea is grown widely in central and peninsular India, with a production of 4.8 lakh tonnes annually on 5800 hectares.
This document discusses the cultivation practices of cole crops like cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. It details that these crops grow best in cool, moist climates and various soil types. Nursery beds are prepared with soil treatments and seeds are planted. Seedlings are ready for transplanting in 25-30 days when they have 5-6 leaves. In the main field, seedlings are planted at specific spacings and times depending on the variety. Crops are fertilized, irrigated, weeded, and harvested around 85-100 days later. Yields of 1200-1500 kg can be expected per unit area. The document also lists common varieties for each crop and their maturation times.
This document discusses the topic of agronomy and cereal crops. It provides background on agronomy, noting that it deals with soil, water and crop management. It then focuses on cereal crops, describing their importance as a staple food and major source of carbohydrates and nutrients. Wheat is discussed in depth, including its classification, varieties commonly grown in India like bread wheat, and its significance as the world's most important grain crop. The document also briefly touches on other cereals like barley and triticale.
This document provides information on RABI forage and sugar crops. It discusses sugarbeet and sugarcane, including their scientific names, areas of origin, global distribution, soil and climate needs, common varieties, and pest and disease issues. It also summarizes key details on the RABI forage crops lucerne, berseem, and oats such as their nutrient and water requirements, suitable varieties, and harvest times. The document provides an overview of important information on these temperate RABI crops.
Guar is a drought-tolerant annual legume grown for its seeds which contain large amounts of galactomannan gum. The major producers are India, Pakistan, the US, and Australia. Guar gum forms a viscous gel in water and is used as a thickener in foods, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications. Guar requires warm temperatures and sandy soil to germinate and grow. It improves soils and fits into crop rotations. Production involves selecting high quality seed, inoculation, and managing weeds, diseases, and insects. Guar is harvested when pods dry and threshed using a combine. Yields vary significantly based on soil and climate conditions.
Cowpea, also known as black eyed pea, is grown for its tender pods and dry seeds. It is high in protein, vitamins, and minerals. Cowpea is adapted to a wide range of climates and soil types, and thrives between 21-35°C. Popular varieties include Pusa Phalguni, Pusa Barasati, and Pusa Sukomal. Cowpea is grown as an intercrop and for its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. Proper spacing, weed control, and irrigation are important for optimal yields.
The document presents a research proposal on analyzing the cost and benefits of producing and processing Java and Ceylon citronella. The proposal outlines introducing citronella cultivation in Ghana, the problem statement regarding financing expansion, and aims to estimate production costs per acre. The methodology describes land preparation, planting, harvesting, oil extraction through distillation, and data collection. The expected outcome is improved citronella production knowledge through understanding costs and benefits.
The document summarizes the three-tier seed production system for sugarcane: 1) Primary (Breeders’) seed production is done on research farms using heat-treated setts and monitored closely for quality, 2) Secondary (Foundation) seed production uses primary seed and is also closely monitored, 3) Commercial seed production uses secondary seed and is grown on identified farmer fields and distributed by sugar mills, while still being monitored for quality. The goal is to produce high quality commercial seed to improve yields for farmers, though the system is not always effective in all areas.
Kikuyugrass is a warm-season grass native to Africa that is well-suited for Southern California climates. It has excellent heat, drought, and wear tolerance making it ideal for high traffic areas like golf courses and sports fields. Kikuyugrass spreads quickly via stolons and rhizomes to form a dense turf and has year-round growth in coastal climates, requiring only one grass for sun and shade. It should be seeded between April-October when temperatures are 80 degrees or higher, with germination in 14-21 days and limited use after 21 days of emergence.
This document provides information about wheat production in India. It discusses that wheat is the most widely grown cereal grain in the world. In India, wheat is commonly grown in the alluvial soils of the Gangetic plains and black cotton soils of central India. Optimal growing conditions include temperatures between 20-25°C during growth and dry, warm weather during harvesting. Common wheat varieties grown in India include T. aestivum and T. durum. The document outlines best practices for soil preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilizer application, weed control and harvesting of wheat crops in India.
There are three main nursery bed methods for growing rice seedlings for transplanting - wet-bed, dry-bed, and dapog (mat) nursery. The wet-bed method uses puddled soil and is best where water is abundant. Dry-bed nurseries are used with insufficient water by keeping beds moist. Dapog nurseries use polythene sheets and soil/FYM mixtures to quickly grow seedlings in 18-20 days for machine transplanting without damaging roots. Each method has advantages like hardier seedlings or reduced labor, and disadvantages such as water needs, weeding, or seedling quality.
The document discusses saltwater intrusion affecting rice cultivation in Bangladesh. It notes that the amount of salt-affected land has increased from 0.75 million hectares in 1973 to 0.95 million hectares in 2009. It then describes efforts by Bangladeshi organizations like BINA and BRRI to develop salt-tolerant rice varieties that allow farmers to cultivate rice in saline soils, including varieties like Binadhan-10 that can tolerate up to 12 ds/m salinity. The document concludes by outlining best practices for seed production of salt-tolerant rice varieties, including rouging off-types, proper harvesting, drying seeds to 12% moisture, and storing seeds in air-tight bags.
High tunnel raspberries can provide several advantages over field production including extended harvest seasons, increased yields, and improved fruit quality. There are two main types of tunnels used - multi-bay tunnels which provide partial seasonal protection and single-bay tunnels which can be kept closed year-round. While tunnels increase production costs and labor needs, they can allow growers to diversify crop production and access new markets by supplying fresh local berries for longer periods. Pests like spider mites and diseases tend to be reduced in tunnels compared to fields. Proper ventilation is important for temperature control and disease prevention.
This document discusses different methods for establishing turf grass, including seeding, sodding, stolonization, sprigging, and plugging. It provides details on each method such as appropriate grass types and seasons for seeding, sod requirements, plant material needs for stolonization and sprigging, and using plugs or strips for sodding. Recommendations are also provided for proper installation and care of newly laid sod or plugs.
Gherkin pickled is a favorite lunch substitute in West Sibanda and Chitale (1999) 80 reported that the juice of “cucumis anguria L”, fruit is being used to treat the wounds in liverstock and antifeedant in granaries. Gherkin is also an important source of earning foreign exchange that is needed for importing capital goods for the rapidly expanding industrial sector.
The document discusses major constraints to pulse production including agro-ecological, physiological, lack of high yielding varieties, poor agronomic management, socio-economic factors, research and extension gaps, and post-harvest issues. It then provides details on the cultivation of three specific pulses - greengram, blackgram, and mungbean - covering their classification, climate requirements, suitable soils, field preparation techniques, recommended varieties, sowing times and methods, fertilizer use, weed control, harvesting, and typical yields.
The document discusses the production technology of cluster bean, also known as guar. It is an annual legume grown for its seeds and guar gum. Varieties grown in Pakistan include BR-90, BR-99, and BR-2017. Cluster bean grows well in semi-arid regions and tolerates drought and salinity. It requires temperatures between 25-30°C and a pH of 7.0-8.0. Sowing is done from February to July, with a seed rate of 5-6 kg/acre. Fertilizer and two weedings are also needed. Pests include jassid, termites and beetles. Harvest occurs 50-80 days after sowing. Grain
1) Ionique Company Limited (ICL) is a joint-venture company established by partners from 4 countries to combine technologies and achieve maximum potential.
2) ICL received investment and certification from the Thai government and certification for its organic fertilizers.
3) ICL's vision is to be a leader in agricultural processing with high efficiency and environmentally-friendly products globally.
by Marco Felix Valdez
April 7, 2019
The purpose of this variety trial is to provide measurement by collecting data of the different varieties of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in terms of growth performance, provided with minimum management practices.
Cluster bean, also known as guar, is a drought-tolerant legume cultivated for its gum-producing seeds. There are three main varieties grown in Pakistan: BR-90, BR-99, and BR-2017. Guar prefers well-drained sandy loam soil and grows well in dry, sandy regions of Pakistan. It is planted between April and July after plowing and applying fertilizer. Guar provides cattle fodder, fixes nitrogen in soil, and its seeds are used to make galactomannan gum for paper and other industries. Fodder yields range from 30-40 tons/hectare in irrigated areas down to 10-15 tons/hectare in dryland areas
This document provides information on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), including its scientific name, origin in Africa, common uses, production statistics in India, recommended growing conditions, cultivation practices from land preparation to harvesting, pests and diseases, and standards for seed production. Cowpea is grown widely in central and peninsular India, with a production of 4.8 lakh tonnes annually on 5800 hectares.
This document discusses the cultivation practices of cole crops like cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. It details that these crops grow best in cool, moist climates and various soil types. Nursery beds are prepared with soil treatments and seeds are planted. Seedlings are ready for transplanting in 25-30 days when they have 5-6 leaves. In the main field, seedlings are planted at specific spacings and times depending on the variety. Crops are fertilized, irrigated, weeded, and harvested around 85-100 days later. Yields of 1200-1500 kg can be expected per unit area. The document also lists common varieties for each crop and their maturation times.
This document discusses the topic of agronomy and cereal crops. It provides background on agronomy, noting that it deals with soil, water and crop management. It then focuses on cereal crops, describing their importance as a staple food and major source of carbohydrates and nutrients. Wheat is discussed in depth, including its classification, varieties commonly grown in India like bread wheat, and its significance as the world's most important grain crop. The document also briefly touches on other cereals like barley and triticale.
This document provides information on RABI forage and sugar crops. It discusses sugarbeet and sugarcane, including their scientific names, areas of origin, global distribution, soil and climate needs, common varieties, and pest and disease issues. It also summarizes key details on the RABI forage crops lucerne, berseem, and oats such as their nutrient and water requirements, suitable varieties, and harvest times. The document provides an overview of important information on these temperate RABI crops.
Guar is a drought-tolerant annual legume grown for its seeds which contain large amounts of galactomannan gum. The major producers are India, Pakistan, the US, and Australia. Guar gum forms a viscous gel in water and is used as a thickener in foods, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications. Guar requires warm temperatures and sandy soil to germinate and grow. It improves soils and fits into crop rotations. Production involves selecting high quality seed, inoculation, and managing weeds, diseases, and insects. Guar is harvested when pods dry and threshed using a combine. Yields vary significantly based on soil and climate conditions.
Cowpea, also known as black eyed pea, is grown for its tender pods and dry seeds. It is high in protein, vitamins, and minerals. Cowpea is adapted to a wide range of climates and soil types, and thrives between 21-35°C. Popular varieties include Pusa Phalguni, Pusa Barasati, and Pusa Sukomal. Cowpea is grown as an intercrop and for its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. Proper spacing, weed control, and irrigation are important for optimal yields.
The document presents a research proposal on analyzing the cost and benefits of producing and processing Java and Ceylon citronella. The proposal outlines introducing citronella cultivation in Ghana, the problem statement regarding financing expansion, and aims to estimate production costs per acre. The methodology describes land preparation, planting, harvesting, oil extraction through distillation, and data collection. The expected outcome is improved citronella production knowledge through understanding costs and benefits.
The document summarizes the three-tier seed production system for sugarcane: 1) Primary (Breeders’) seed production is done on research farms using heat-treated setts and monitored closely for quality, 2) Secondary (Foundation) seed production uses primary seed and is also closely monitored, 3) Commercial seed production uses secondary seed and is grown on identified farmer fields and distributed by sugar mills, while still being monitored for quality. The goal is to produce high quality commercial seed to improve yields for farmers, though the system is not always effective in all areas.
Kikuyugrass is a warm-season grass native to Africa that is well-suited for Southern California climates. It has excellent heat, drought, and wear tolerance making it ideal for high traffic areas like golf courses and sports fields. Kikuyugrass spreads quickly via stolons and rhizomes to form a dense turf and has year-round growth in coastal climates, requiring only one grass for sun and shade. It should be seeded between April-October when temperatures are 80 degrees or higher, with germination in 14-21 days and limited use after 21 days of emergence.
Kikuyugrass is a vigorous, warm season grass that spreads by stolons and rhizomes. It is native to tropical Africa but has become naturalized in coastal southern climates. Visit http://www.stoverseed.com/p_turfgrass_99.html for more information.
Hulled bermudagrass is a warm season grass that spreads through creeping stolons and rhizomes, making it well suited for high traffic areas. It exhibits medium texture and faster establishment than unhulled varieties due to undergoing an extra cleaning process. Hulled bermudagrass has outstanding heat and drought tolerance, recovers quickly from wear, and is ideal for locations like golf courses, sports fields, and parks. It should be seeded between April and October at a rate of 2-3 pounds per 1000 square feet for new turf or 1-2 pounds for overseeding, with germination occurring within 10-14 days when properly irrigated.
Jon Hill Turf | Expanded Opportunities with Seeded Warm Season Turf LayingJon Hill Turf
This document provides information on establishing warm season grasses through seeding. It discusses the benefits of using seeded warm season turfgrasses such as bermudagrass and zoysiagrass, including reduced water and maintenance needs. It provides details on seeding rates, timing, and establishment care for bermudagrass and zoysiagrass. Information is also given on overseeding with cool season grasses and new varieties that have been developed for their drought tolerance, disease resistance, and dark green color.
Carrots are a cool weather crop that originate from Asia. They grow best in deep, well-drained sandy loam soil with a pH between 6.5-7.0. There are several varieties of carrots suited for different purposes, with Imperators being long and slender and best for fresh markets. Proper cultivation practices include deep plowing, applying fertilizers like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and irrigation to maintain soil moisture. Carrots are harvested when the roots reach sufficient size, usually 90-110 days after planting, and are graded and packaged for various markets.
Production technology of bermuda grassShahzad Sial
Bermuda grass is a warm-season perennial grass native to Africa that has been used as forage in Southern US agriculture for over 250 years. The document discusses the botanical description, history, morphology, nutritional attributes, production technology including soil and climate requirements, varieties, establishment methods, and management practices for Bermuda grass such as fertilization, irrigation, weed control, and harvesting as hay, grazing or cuttings to maximize yield and quality.
Cynodon dactylon, more commonly known as Bermudagrass, is a type of warm-season turfgrass that originated in Africa. As the name suggests, the grass species is believed to have arrived in North America from the North Atlantic islands of Bermuda. Although it is not native in Bermuda, it is an abundant invasive species.
This document provides an overview of cultivation practices for pearl millet. It discusses the botanical description, economic importance, varieties, climatic requirements, soil type, sowing methods, nutrient management, irrigation, weed control, and harvesting. Key details include that pearl millet is grown in India, Africa, and other areas for food, fodder, and beer. It prefers well-drained soils and temperatures between 20-34°C, and is drought tolerant. Common varieties and sowing practices vary by region. Nutrient needs include nitrogen, phosphorus, and sometimes zinc or iron supplements. Weeding is important before tillering and flowering stages.
How to Create a Xeriscape Garden - Butterfly Pavilion, ColoradoEric851q
Colorado has a semi-arid climate with little annual precipitation, so traditional lawns and gardens require significant water usage. However, using xeriscaping principles like choosing native drought-tolerant plants, proper irrigation, and improving soil quality allows Colorado gardeners to have beautiful gardens that use 50% less water. By grouping plants with similar water needs together, installing efficient irrigation, reducing lawn areas, and adding compost and mulch to soil, homeowners can save water and money while still enjoying colorful gardens, even during drought periods.
Watermelon grows best in sandy loam soil with good drainage and a pH between 6.5-7.5. Seeds should be sown between November and December at a rate of about 3.5 kg per hectare and thinned to 2 seedlings per hill at 15 days. Fruits are harvested when they produce a dull sound upon tapping or the surface turns light yellow, around 120 days after sowing. With proper care including irrigation, nutrients, and pest management, watermelon can yield 25-30 tons per hectare.
This document provides gardening tips for the West Kimberley region of Australia, which has an arid climate with high temperatures, seasonal rainfall, and wind. It recommends using local plant varieties adapted to the conditions, designing gardens to reduce evaporation through windbreaks and shade, improving soil with compost, and using mulch and efficient irrigation to minimize water use. Key techniques include grouping plants by water needs, retrofitting existing gardens, adding soil conditioners, and choosing appropriate mulches and watering systems.
Spreading and Drought Tolerant Tall Fescue Blend | Stover SeedStover Seed Company
This document provides information on Triple Crown Extreme, a spreading and drought tolerant tall fescue blend well-suited for high traffic areas like playgrounds, parks, and lawns. It has better heat and drought tolerance than other varieties due to its rapid filling growth habit and resistance to brown patch disease. The blend is composed of 50% Aquavita tall fescue and 50% Rhambler SRP tall fescue. It requires 10 pounds of seed per 1,000 square feet for new turf and can be established within 5-7 days under optimal conditions. Once established, it has good drought tolerance and can withstand irrigation at less than 80% of average evapotranspiration rates.
Introduction of Dianthus barbatus(carnation)ArunPali1
Carnation and tuberose are important cut flowers cultivated globally.
Carnation grows best in temperatures between 10-20°C and requires well-draining sandy loam soil with regular fertilizer. Varieties include spray, standard, and sim types. Proper support, pinching, and disbudding are needed for optimal growth. Pests like aphids and diseases like fusarium wilt require preventative spraying.
Tuberose grows year-round in warm, humid climates. Bulbs are planted at 15-20cm spacing in loam soil with organic matter. Irrigation every 10-15 days is typical. Flowers are harvested for bouquets when buds show color. Post
This document provides information on the production technology of avocados. It discusses the scientific name, origin, soil and climate requirements, common varieties, propagation methods, fertilizer application, pest and disease management, harvesting, storage, and yields of avocados. Some key varieties discussed are TDK-1, Arka Supreme, Fuerte, Pollock, Green, and Hass. Grafting and budding are described as common propagation techniques. Fertilizer and irrigation recommendations at different plant ages are also provided.
Kentucky bluegrass is a cool season grass that spreads through rhizomes and stolons. It has a poor shade tolerance but good cold tolerance and needs regular watering and fertilization. Tall fescue is also a cool season grass that tolerates some shade and has moderate drought tolerance. Proper soil preparation through tilling is important before seeding. Seeding rates vary by species, with Kentucky bluegrass requiring 1-3 pounds per 1000 square feet. Frequent light watering is needed after seeding to keep the soil surface moist until germination.
Production technology of medicinal &aromatic plants.pptxrahman175698
The document provides information on the production technologies of several aromatic and medicinal plants, including:
- Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) - soil and climate requirements, propagation methods, nursery preparation, transplanting, irrigation, etc.
- Commiphora spp (Guggal) - propagation, land preparation, transplanting, intercropping, fertilizer application, irrigation, pest management, harvesting, and yield.
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PRINCESS 77 Hybrid Bermudagrass Seed
1. 9180 San Fernando Rd * P.O. Box 1579 * Sun Valley, CA 91353
213-626-9668 * 800-621-0315 * FAX 213-626-4920 * www.stoverseed.com
Technical Data and Information Product Sheet
DESCRIPTION
Teaming confidence with nature since 1922
PRINCESS 77 Hybrid Bermudagrass Seed
CHARACTERISTICS
USES
SEEDING RATES
ESTABLISHMENT
SPECIFICATIONS
Features Benefits
Superior heat and drought tolerance Meets water conserva/on goals
Rhizomatous and Stoloniferous growth habit Outstanding wear tolerance and recovery
Excellent, warm weather seedling vigor Fast establishment
Fine texture and high density Outstanding turf quality
Good salt tolerance Can take reclaimed water
A break through in Turfgrass research and development, Princess 77 is the world’s first dense, fine textured hybrid bermudagarss
variety to be available in seed form. Like other hybrid bermudagrasses that are only available in sod or stolons, Princess 77 forms
a very dense, dark green, fine textured turf and is a qualified TWCA Turfgrass product. TWCA approval means that these grasses have
successfully met a stringent set of criteria that have been documented and have proven water conserva/on benefits. Bermu-
dagrass is classified as “California Friendly” by California Water Agencies and recommended for use in landscapes as a low wa-
ter user.
Princess 77 can be grown successfully as turf on:
* Golf Courses *Parks *Sportsfields
* Playgrounds *Lawns *Commercial Developments
New turf: 2 pounds per 1,000 square feet or 87 pounds per acre.
Overseeding exis/ng turf: 1 to 2 pounds per 1,000 square feet or 43 to 86 pounds per acre.
Warm season grasses such as bermudagrass should be seeded when day me temperatures are consistently 80 degrees
or greater (generally between the months of April and October). Germina on is delayed if soil temperatures are below
65 degrees F. Emergence can be anywhere between 14 and 21 days. The higher the soil temperature, the quicker the
germina on as long as there is adequate moisture (irriga on). First mowing approximately 21 days a2er emergence.
PRINCESS 77 HYBRID BERMUDAGRASS SEED
49% Minimum purity, unhulled coated seed
50% Coa/ng material
80% Minimum germina/on
1,100,000 seeds per pound
2. 9180 San Fernando Rd * P.O. Box 1579 * Sun Valley, CA 91353
213-626-9668 * 800-621-0315 * FAX 213-626-4920 * www.stoverseed.com
RECENT PLANTING SITES
CULTURAL INFORMATION
Princess 77 Bermudagrass Pg. 2
Water Requirements
Frequent, light watering is necessary for seed to germinate and become established. Bermudagrass is a warm season grass.
Once the grass becomes established it has the ability to withstand summer drought condi/ons under reduced irriga/on sched-
ules. For turf managers that use irriga/on systems and calcula/ons, Bermudagrass can be irrigated at 60% of average ET0
(Reference Evapotranspira/on) rates to achieve op/mum turf quality. Because of the ability of warm season grasses to estab-
lish roots at a depth of 3 feet or more it is able to draw water from a larger soil profile which enhances its drought tolerance.
As a result, once bermudagrass becomes established (2-3 months in warm weather) it can withstand irriga on schedules at
40% of ET0 (a reduc on of 25%) and s ll produce acceptable turf. Specific informa/on on Turfgrass irriga/on schedules and
ET rates can be found at hBp://ucanr.edu/sites/UrbanHort/ and at hBp://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/water/az1195.pdf and hBp://
anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8395.pdf General irriga/on guidelines dictate that turf should be watered in early morning hours
and that about 3/4 of an inch of water should be applied but not to the point of runoff.
Climate Conditions
Bermudagrass is classified as a warm season grass best suited to southern climates. Growth is greatest during warm months
with some dormancy in winter months.
Soil Conditions
Bermudagrass will tolerate a wide range of soils from heavy clay to sandy loam. Ideal pH range is 6.0 to 7.5. Good drainage is
important for root development.
Fertilization
Mowing
Use of a starter fer/lizer when seeding is highly recommended. AHer establishment fer/lize during periods of ac/ve growth in
warm months with a balanced fer/lizer. Avoid using products with a high nitrogen (N) content as such use increases water use.
Applica/on rates should be between 1 and 2 pounds of nitrogen (N) per 1,000 square feet per year during the growing season.
Slow release fer/lizers are best.
No special mower is needed for this premium bermudagrass product. Results are best when blades are kept sharp. Recom-
mended mowing height is from 3/8 inch to 1 1/2 inches. Do not mow more than 1/3 of the leaf blade whenever mowing turf.
City of Mission Viejo West Hills LiBle League Los Angeles Country Club
Virginia Country Club, Long Beach Irvine School District The Journey at Pechanga
Rela/ve Ranking Cool-season turfgrasses Warm-season turfgrasses
Superior Bermudagrass
Buffalograss
Excellent Seashore paspalum
Zoysiagrass
Good St. Augus/negrass
Kikuyugrass
Medium Tall Fescue
Fair Perennial Ryegrass
Kentucky Bluegrass
Creeping Bentgrass
Hard Fescue
Chewings Fescue
Red Fescue
Drought Tolerance Comparisons of Commonly Grown Grasses in California
Source: University of California, ANR Publica/on 8395