Carrots are a cool weather crop that originate from Asia. They grow best in deep, well-drained sandy loam soil with a pH between 6.5-7.0. There are several varieties of carrots suited for different purposes, with Imperators being long and slender and best for fresh markets. Proper cultivation practices include deep plowing, applying fertilizers like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and irrigation to maintain soil moisture. Carrots are harvested when the roots reach sufficient size, usually 90-110 days after planting, and are graded and packaged for various markets.
This document provides information on the carrot plant. It begins with the botanical name, family, and origin of carrots. It then discusses carrot production in India, with Haryana being the leading producer. The document covers carrot varieties, uses, ideal soil and climate conditions, planting methods, and post-harvest handling. It describes several diseases that affect carrots, including crown rot, cottony soft rot, root dieback, and bacterial soft rot. Control methods are outlined for each disease. The document concludes with information on storage issues like bitterness and phenolic browning.
This document describes a field trial conducted in King City, California to test the efficacy of Nualgi Foliar, a nano-scale foliar fertilizer, on spinach crops. The trial utilized three different fertilization protocols: a grower standard approach, the standard reduced by 30% plus Nualgi Foliar, and Nualgi Foliar alone. Data was collected on yield, quality, nutrient levels, pest resistance and other factors. The objective was to evaluate whether Nualgi Foliar could improve spinach crop performance and provide an adequate return on investment.
This document provides a comprehensive guide to watermelon farming in Kenya. It discusses varieties commonly grown in Kenya such as Sukari F1, Kito F1, and Asali F1. It covers best practices for soil preparation, fertilizer and irrigation management, planting and spacing, and dealing with pests and diseases. Yields of 10-25 tons per acre are common with improved practices like plastic mulch, drip irrigation, and new hybrid varieties. Proper soil preparation, fertilization, and irrigation are essential for optimal watermelon growth and high yields.
This document provides a summary of potato cultivation prepared by several students. It covers the introduction, origin and history, botanical description, varieties, climatic requirements, pests and diseases, true potato seed technology, and post-harvest management of potatoes. Some key points include:
- Potatoes originated in South America and were introduced to India in the 16th-17th century.
- India is the second largest producer of potatoes globally.
- Potato cultivation requires cool temperatures between 17-25°C for growth and 17-19°C for tuberization.
- Important potato diseases include late blight, early blight, brown rot, and wart disease.
- True potato seed technology is an effective,
This document provides a guide for producing sesame. It discusses advantages of growing sesame, including its drought tolerance and ability to grow in soils where other crops fail. It covers topics like field selection, planting considerations, growth stages, moisture and nutrient needs, pests, and harvest. Sesame is heat tolerant and can be grown across the southern US. Proper soil moisture, fertility, and temperature influence the length of development stages from germination to harvest. The guide aims to help producers successfully grow and manage sesame crops.
The Principles and Practices of Organic Bean Seed Production in the Pacific N...Seeds
This document provides information on organic bean seed production in the Pacific Northwest. It discusses the basic biology and lifecycle of common beans, as well as requirements for growing bean seed such as climate, soil, fertility, planting, cultivation, flowering and pollination. It also covers isolation requirements, genetic maintenance and improvement, harvesting, and common diseases that affect bean seed crops. The overall goal is to support the ethical development and stewardship of bean seed through organic practices.
Tomatoes can be grown year-round in greenhouses. Several varieties are suitable depending on fruit size and characteristics. Seedlings are started in plug trays and transplanted. Indeterminate varieties require pruning and training of suckers to focus growth. Pollination requires shaking clusters by hand. Fertigation provides nutrients. Pests like whiteflies and diseases like powdery mildew require management. With proper care, greenhouse tomatoes can yield 25-30 tonnes per 1000 square meters.
This document provides information on the carrot plant. It begins with the botanical name, family, and origin of carrots. It then discusses carrot production in India, with Haryana being the leading producer. The document covers carrot varieties, uses, ideal soil and climate conditions, planting methods, and post-harvest handling. It describes several diseases that affect carrots, including crown rot, cottony soft rot, root dieback, and bacterial soft rot. Control methods are outlined for each disease. The document concludes with information on storage issues like bitterness and phenolic browning.
This document describes a field trial conducted in King City, California to test the efficacy of Nualgi Foliar, a nano-scale foliar fertilizer, on spinach crops. The trial utilized three different fertilization protocols: a grower standard approach, the standard reduced by 30% plus Nualgi Foliar, and Nualgi Foliar alone. Data was collected on yield, quality, nutrient levels, pest resistance and other factors. The objective was to evaluate whether Nualgi Foliar could improve spinach crop performance and provide an adequate return on investment.
This document provides a comprehensive guide to watermelon farming in Kenya. It discusses varieties commonly grown in Kenya such as Sukari F1, Kito F1, and Asali F1. It covers best practices for soil preparation, fertilizer and irrigation management, planting and spacing, and dealing with pests and diseases. Yields of 10-25 tons per acre are common with improved practices like plastic mulch, drip irrigation, and new hybrid varieties. Proper soil preparation, fertilization, and irrigation are essential for optimal watermelon growth and high yields.
This document provides a summary of potato cultivation prepared by several students. It covers the introduction, origin and history, botanical description, varieties, climatic requirements, pests and diseases, true potato seed technology, and post-harvest management of potatoes. Some key points include:
- Potatoes originated in South America and were introduced to India in the 16th-17th century.
- India is the second largest producer of potatoes globally.
- Potato cultivation requires cool temperatures between 17-25°C for growth and 17-19°C for tuberization.
- Important potato diseases include late blight, early blight, brown rot, and wart disease.
- True potato seed technology is an effective,
This document provides a guide for producing sesame. It discusses advantages of growing sesame, including its drought tolerance and ability to grow in soils where other crops fail. It covers topics like field selection, planting considerations, growth stages, moisture and nutrient needs, pests, and harvest. Sesame is heat tolerant and can be grown across the southern US. Proper soil moisture, fertility, and temperature influence the length of development stages from germination to harvest. The guide aims to help producers successfully grow and manage sesame crops.
The Principles and Practices of Organic Bean Seed Production in the Pacific N...Seeds
This document provides information on organic bean seed production in the Pacific Northwest. It discusses the basic biology and lifecycle of common beans, as well as requirements for growing bean seed such as climate, soil, fertility, planting, cultivation, flowering and pollination. It also covers isolation requirements, genetic maintenance and improvement, harvesting, and common diseases that affect bean seed crops. The overall goal is to support the ethical development and stewardship of bean seed through organic practices.
Tomatoes can be grown year-round in greenhouses. Several varieties are suitable depending on fruit size and characteristics. Seedlings are started in plug trays and transplanted. Indeterminate varieties require pruning and training of suckers to focus growth. Pollination requires shaking clusters by hand. Fertigation provides nutrients. Pests like whiteflies and diseases like powdery mildew require management. With proper care, greenhouse tomatoes can yield 25-30 tonnes per 1000 square meters.
Maize (Zea mays subsp.), known in some English-speaking countries as corn, is a large grain plant domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain the grain, which are seeds called kernels. Maize kernels are often used in cooking as a starch. This document contain ...1. Structure and physiology,2. Varieties,3. Climate, soils and production areas,4. The sowing operation 5. Maintenance At crop establishment 6. Major Diseases of Maize 7. Major Insect Pest of Maize 8.Global Maize Production ,9Global Consumption of Maize and many more about Maize .
This document provides information on tomato crop production in dryland areas. It discusses the origin and distribution of tomatoes, noting they originated in South America and were domesticated in Mexico. The top five producers globally are China, the EU, India, the US, and Turkey. For production, it recommends selecting well-drained soil, acquiring certified seeds, establishing a nursery, transplanting seedlings on ridges or beds, applying fertilizer, harvesting at the turning or mature green stage, and using techniques like staking and pruning to improve yields and quality. The use of a zero-energy cooling chamber can also extend shelf life by maintaining optimal temperature and humidity conditions.
This document provides an introduction to peanuts, including their origin, uses, nutritional value, and production levels in key countries like India, China, and the US. It then discusses peanut botany, environmental requirements, varieties adapted to Guyana, and cultivation practices for peanuts in Guyana, including land preparation, liming, planting timing and techniques, and inoculation. Key details covered include the plant's herbaceous nature and underground fruit development, as well as soil, moisture, climate, and varietal characteristics suitable for Guyana's conditions.
This document provides information on peanut production. It discusses the botany of peanuts, describing that they are annual plants that grow underground. It outlines environmental requirements for peanuts such as soil type, moisture needs, and suitable climate. Several peanut varieties adapted to Guyana are described, including bunch types and runner types. The document discusses best practices for peanut production such as land preparation, limestone application, planting procedures, weed control, and fertilizer use. It also outlines some major insect pests that affect peanuts and potential management strategies.
Dreamland Industries was formed to help create rural prosperity by developing innovative crops for farming communities. It has completed two harvests of safflower in Texas and is looking to contract more acreage for 2011. Safflower is a drought-resistant crop that can be grown with conventional equipment and provides income during needed times in July and August with minimal water requirements. Dreamland aims to establish safflower as a sustainable crop that provides consistent profits for growers.
The ultimate guide for carrot farming 2018Amar Sawant
Carrot is important root crops cultivated throughout the world for its fleshy edible roots. Carrot farming is done in the spring, summer, and autumn in temperate climate countries and during winter in tropical and subtropical regions.
Roots of carrot are used as a vegetable for soups & curries; graded roots are used as a salad, tender roots as pickles also Carrot halwa and jam are famous.
Carrot juice is a rich source of carotene and is sometimes used for colouring buffer and other food articles. Carrot tops are used for extraction of leaf protein, as fodder and also for the poultry feed.
Carrots possess many medicinal properties and are used in Ayurvedic medicine. Carrots are a rich source of b-carotene and contain appreciable amounts of thiamine and riboflavin.
The Carrot crop is the Second most popular vegetable in the world after potato. China ranks first in production followed by Russia.
The major carrot growing states in India are Karnataka, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.
This document provides guidelines for home gardening, including vegetable gardening, pot gardening, and terrace gardening. It discusses choosing a sunny location with good drainage and soil for the garden. Layout and planting should make use of space, with taller plants towards the north and vines trained vertically. Regular fertilizer and micronutrient application is recommended, with an emphasis on organic sources. Intercropping, mulching, and physical pest removal are suggested for weed and pest management before considering chemicals. Composting and seed starting are also covered. The aim is to maximize the space and harvest while maintaining a sustainable, organic approach.
This document provides information on cultivation practices for several leafy vegetables: spinach, fenugreek, amaranthus, coriander, radish. For each crop, it discusses soil and climate requirements, sowing methods, seed rates, popular varieties, fertilizer use, common pests and diseases, irrigation needs, and harvesting. The conclusion discusses two common diseases of spinach (leaf spot and wilt) and three diseases of fenugreek (leaf spot, wilt, powdery mildew) along with control methods tested.
The Principles and Practices of Organic Lettuce Seed Production in the Pacifi...Seeds
This document provides information on organic lettuce seed production practices in the Pacific Northwest, including crop biology, growing requirements, isolation practices, genetic maintenance, and disease management. It discusses lettuce varieties, climate needs, soil preparation, planting, cultivation, flowering, pollination, population size for genetic diversity, selection criteria, and harvesting. The key details are climatic needs for lettuce seed production include warm temperatures above 70°F and avoidance of rain during harvest. Proper isolation distances of 10-20 feet between varieties is recommended to prevent cross-pollination. Seed harvest occurs 12-21 days after flowering once 30-80% of seed clusters have feathered.
Watermelon is a vine-like plant that produces large, edible berries. It originated in Africa and was cultivated in India and China by the 7th-10th centuries. Watermelons require bees for pollination and thrive in well-draining soil with ample water and sunlight. Proper spacing, weed control, and preventing diseases and pests are important for high yields of the sweet, juicy fruit.
Backyard Cane Fruit Production at Elevations 4000 to 6,000 Feet in Arizona; Gardening Guidebook for Arizona www.scribd.com/doc/239851313 ~ Master Gardeners, University of Arizona~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Production Practices and Crop Improvement of Potato in the World Bishnu Prasad Ghimire
The document provides an overview of potato production practices and crop improvement worldwide. It discusses the origin and history of potato cultivation, with the Inca Indians in Peru first cultivating potatoes around 8,000-5,000 BC. China is currently the world's largest potato producer. Potato is grown in various climates and soil types, with optimal conditions being temperatures of 15-25°C and light, well-drained soils. Key production practices discussed include land preparation, seed selection, fertilizer use, irrigation, harvesting, storage, and management of physiological disorders and pests/diseases such as late blight. The document also covers crop improvement efforts including germplasm collections and breeding for traits like pest and disease resistance
This document provides information on agrotechniques for growing groundnuts. It discusses the importance of groundnuts as a nutritious food and cash crop. It describes ideal growing conditions for groundnuts including soil type, temperature requirements, and cropping seasons. It outlines best practices for land preparation, variety selection, seed treatment, spacing, fertilizer use, weed control, irrigation, pest management, harvest, and expected yields. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for farmers looking to successfully grow groundnuts.
Rapeseed-mustard is the second most important oil crop in Pakistan, grown on 307,000 hectares annually producing 233,000 tonnes. It is a rich source of oil and protein. Canola varieties have been developed that are lower in anti-nutritive compounds. Rapeseed grows best in temperate regions under cool temperatures and requires 3-4 irrigations. Key pests that can damage establishment include red-legged earth mites and blue oat mites, while cabbage aphids and turnip aphids threaten crops during flowering and pod formation.
seed production of Carrot (CSK HPKV) harmanjeet singhStudent
CONTENTS:
Introduction
Scientific Classification
Why Most Of Carrot In Orange Colour ???
Climate
Soil
Land Requirement
Seeds And Sowing
Sowing Time
Manures And Fertilization
Spacing
Carrot Varieties
Irrigation
Weed Control
Pollination Of Carrot
Isolation
Methods Of Seed Production
Plant Protection
Harvesting And Seed Yield
Seed Standards (%)
Tomato Anna F1 is a hybrid tomato variety bred by Monsanto for greenhouse production. It produces deep red, firm, oval fruits with high resistance to diseases. The document provides detailed instructions on growing the variety successfully, including field selection, soil preparation, nursery management, transplanting, agronomic practices like nutrient management and pest/disease control. Common pests include whiteflies, leaf miners, and diseases like late blight, bacterial wilt, and Fusarium wilt. Harvesting begins 70-75 days after transplanting and continues for 6-8 months. The variety is well-suited for local and export markets due to its quality attributes.
Chickpea Seed Production Manual ~ saskpulse.comSeeds
This document provides information on chickpea crop production, including descriptions of plant characteristics, adaptation factors, variety selection considerations, and field selection guidelines. It discusses chickpea plant structure, growth habit, environmental adaptation requirements, and important factors for variety choice such as disease resistance and maturity. The summary emphasizes proper field selection, specifically selecting well-drained fields and controlling weeds, especially perennials, prior to chickpea planting.
Dreamland Industries was formed in 2008 to help create rural prosperity by developing innovative crops. They have completed two harvests of safflower in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico. For 2011, they are looking to contract more safflower acreage. Safflower is a drought-resistant crop that produces vegetable oil and has other benefits like a deep taproot and minimal input needs. It can be grown with conventional equipment and has a relatively short 120-150 day growing period. Dreamland provides information on recommended planting dates, fertilization, weed control, harvesting, and yields to help farmers have a successful safflower crop.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Maize (Zea mays subsp.), known in some English-speaking countries as corn, is a large grain plant domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain the grain, which are seeds called kernels. Maize kernels are often used in cooking as a starch. This document contain ...1. Structure and physiology,2. Varieties,3. Climate, soils and production areas,4. The sowing operation 5. Maintenance At crop establishment 6. Major Diseases of Maize 7. Major Insect Pest of Maize 8.Global Maize Production ,9Global Consumption of Maize and many more about Maize .
This document provides information on tomato crop production in dryland areas. It discusses the origin and distribution of tomatoes, noting they originated in South America and were domesticated in Mexico. The top five producers globally are China, the EU, India, the US, and Turkey. For production, it recommends selecting well-drained soil, acquiring certified seeds, establishing a nursery, transplanting seedlings on ridges or beds, applying fertilizer, harvesting at the turning or mature green stage, and using techniques like staking and pruning to improve yields and quality. The use of a zero-energy cooling chamber can also extend shelf life by maintaining optimal temperature and humidity conditions.
This document provides an introduction to peanuts, including their origin, uses, nutritional value, and production levels in key countries like India, China, and the US. It then discusses peanut botany, environmental requirements, varieties adapted to Guyana, and cultivation practices for peanuts in Guyana, including land preparation, liming, planting timing and techniques, and inoculation. Key details covered include the plant's herbaceous nature and underground fruit development, as well as soil, moisture, climate, and varietal characteristics suitable for Guyana's conditions.
This document provides information on peanut production. It discusses the botany of peanuts, describing that they are annual plants that grow underground. It outlines environmental requirements for peanuts such as soil type, moisture needs, and suitable climate. Several peanut varieties adapted to Guyana are described, including bunch types and runner types. The document discusses best practices for peanut production such as land preparation, limestone application, planting procedures, weed control, and fertilizer use. It also outlines some major insect pests that affect peanuts and potential management strategies.
Dreamland Industries was formed to help create rural prosperity by developing innovative crops for farming communities. It has completed two harvests of safflower in Texas and is looking to contract more acreage for 2011. Safflower is a drought-resistant crop that can be grown with conventional equipment and provides income during needed times in July and August with minimal water requirements. Dreamland aims to establish safflower as a sustainable crop that provides consistent profits for growers.
The ultimate guide for carrot farming 2018Amar Sawant
Carrot is important root crops cultivated throughout the world for its fleshy edible roots. Carrot farming is done in the spring, summer, and autumn in temperate climate countries and during winter in tropical and subtropical regions.
Roots of carrot are used as a vegetable for soups & curries; graded roots are used as a salad, tender roots as pickles also Carrot halwa and jam are famous.
Carrot juice is a rich source of carotene and is sometimes used for colouring buffer and other food articles. Carrot tops are used for extraction of leaf protein, as fodder and also for the poultry feed.
Carrots possess many medicinal properties and are used in Ayurvedic medicine. Carrots are a rich source of b-carotene and contain appreciable amounts of thiamine and riboflavin.
The Carrot crop is the Second most popular vegetable in the world after potato. China ranks first in production followed by Russia.
The major carrot growing states in India are Karnataka, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.
This document provides guidelines for home gardening, including vegetable gardening, pot gardening, and terrace gardening. It discusses choosing a sunny location with good drainage and soil for the garden. Layout and planting should make use of space, with taller plants towards the north and vines trained vertically. Regular fertilizer and micronutrient application is recommended, with an emphasis on organic sources. Intercropping, mulching, and physical pest removal are suggested for weed and pest management before considering chemicals. Composting and seed starting are also covered. The aim is to maximize the space and harvest while maintaining a sustainable, organic approach.
This document provides information on cultivation practices for several leafy vegetables: spinach, fenugreek, amaranthus, coriander, radish. For each crop, it discusses soil and climate requirements, sowing methods, seed rates, popular varieties, fertilizer use, common pests and diseases, irrigation needs, and harvesting. The conclusion discusses two common diseases of spinach (leaf spot and wilt) and three diseases of fenugreek (leaf spot, wilt, powdery mildew) along with control methods tested.
The Principles and Practices of Organic Lettuce Seed Production in the Pacifi...Seeds
This document provides information on organic lettuce seed production practices in the Pacific Northwest, including crop biology, growing requirements, isolation practices, genetic maintenance, and disease management. It discusses lettuce varieties, climate needs, soil preparation, planting, cultivation, flowering, pollination, population size for genetic diversity, selection criteria, and harvesting. The key details are climatic needs for lettuce seed production include warm temperatures above 70°F and avoidance of rain during harvest. Proper isolation distances of 10-20 feet between varieties is recommended to prevent cross-pollination. Seed harvest occurs 12-21 days after flowering once 30-80% of seed clusters have feathered.
Watermelon is a vine-like plant that produces large, edible berries. It originated in Africa and was cultivated in India and China by the 7th-10th centuries. Watermelons require bees for pollination and thrive in well-draining soil with ample water and sunlight. Proper spacing, weed control, and preventing diseases and pests are important for high yields of the sweet, juicy fruit.
Backyard Cane Fruit Production at Elevations 4000 to 6,000 Feet in Arizona; Gardening Guidebook for Arizona www.scribd.com/doc/239851313 ~ Master Gardeners, University of Arizona~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Production Practices and Crop Improvement of Potato in the World Bishnu Prasad Ghimire
The document provides an overview of potato production practices and crop improvement worldwide. It discusses the origin and history of potato cultivation, with the Inca Indians in Peru first cultivating potatoes around 8,000-5,000 BC. China is currently the world's largest potato producer. Potato is grown in various climates and soil types, with optimal conditions being temperatures of 15-25°C and light, well-drained soils. Key production practices discussed include land preparation, seed selection, fertilizer use, irrigation, harvesting, storage, and management of physiological disorders and pests/diseases such as late blight. The document also covers crop improvement efforts including germplasm collections and breeding for traits like pest and disease resistance
This document provides information on agrotechniques for growing groundnuts. It discusses the importance of groundnuts as a nutritious food and cash crop. It describes ideal growing conditions for groundnuts including soil type, temperature requirements, and cropping seasons. It outlines best practices for land preparation, variety selection, seed treatment, spacing, fertilizer use, weed control, irrigation, pest management, harvest, and expected yields. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for farmers looking to successfully grow groundnuts.
Rapeseed-mustard is the second most important oil crop in Pakistan, grown on 307,000 hectares annually producing 233,000 tonnes. It is a rich source of oil and protein. Canola varieties have been developed that are lower in anti-nutritive compounds. Rapeseed grows best in temperate regions under cool temperatures and requires 3-4 irrigations. Key pests that can damage establishment include red-legged earth mites and blue oat mites, while cabbage aphids and turnip aphids threaten crops during flowering and pod formation.
seed production of Carrot (CSK HPKV) harmanjeet singhStudent
CONTENTS:
Introduction
Scientific Classification
Why Most Of Carrot In Orange Colour ???
Climate
Soil
Land Requirement
Seeds And Sowing
Sowing Time
Manures And Fertilization
Spacing
Carrot Varieties
Irrigation
Weed Control
Pollination Of Carrot
Isolation
Methods Of Seed Production
Plant Protection
Harvesting And Seed Yield
Seed Standards (%)
Tomato Anna F1 is a hybrid tomato variety bred by Monsanto for greenhouse production. It produces deep red, firm, oval fruits with high resistance to diseases. The document provides detailed instructions on growing the variety successfully, including field selection, soil preparation, nursery management, transplanting, agronomic practices like nutrient management and pest/disease control. Common pests include whiteflies, leaf miners, and diseases like late blight, bacterial wilt, and Fusarium wilt. Harvesting begins 70-75 days after transplanting and continues for 6-8 months. The variety is well-suited for local and export markets due to its quality attributes.
Chickpea Seed Production Manual ~ saskpulse.comSeeds
This document provides information on chickpea crop production, including descriptions of plant characteristics, adaptation factors, variety selection considerations, and field selection guidelines. It discusses chickpea plant structure, growth habit, environmental adaptation requirements, and important factors for variety choice such as disease resistance and maturity. The summary emphasizes proper field selection, specifically selecting well-drained fields and controlling weeds, especially perennials, prior to chickpea planting.
Dreamland Industries was formed in 2008 to help create rural prosperity by developing innovative crops. They have completed two harvests of safflower in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico. For 2011, they are looking to contract more safflower acreage. Safflower is a drought-resistant crop that produces vegetable oil and has other benefits like a deep taproot and minimal input needs. It can be grown with conventional equipment and has a relatively short 120-150 day growing period. Dreamland provides information on recommended planting dates, fertilization, weed control, harvesting, and yields to help farmers have a successful safflower crop.
Similar to Carrot-Production-Guideline-2019.pdf (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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Carrot-Production-Guideline-2019.pdf
1. SEEDS OF SUCCESS
CUSTOMER SERVICES: 0860 782 753 • WWW.STARKEAYRES.CO.ZA• MEMBER OF THE PLENNEGY GROUP
CARROT
PRODUCTION GUIDELINE
2. SEEDS OF SUCCESS
CUSTOMER SERVICES: 0860 782 753 • WWW.STARKEAYRES.CO.ZA• MEMBER OF THE PLENNEGY GROUP
CARROT
1. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
The carrot (Daucus carota L.) belongs to the family Apiaceae. It is related to celery, celeriac,
coriander, fennel, parsnip and parsley, which are all members of this family. The carrot originated in
Asia and has developed into many shapes and colours of roots. The plant is a biennial, i.e. it grows
vegetatively in the first season and produces seed in the second. For root production the plant is
grown as an annual.
2. ADAPTABILITY
2.1 CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS
Carrots do best under cool conditions (10° to 25°C), and their seeds also germinate quite well, though
slowly, under cool conditions. Temperature and soil moisture influence the shape, colour and quality
of carrots. The best quality carrots are obtained when weather conditions favour regular
uninterrupted growth. Plant growth is optimal between temperatures of 15° to 20°C, and the roots
also develop the best colour and flavour at such temperatures. At temperatures below or above the
optimum, poorer colour develops.
2.2 SOIL REQUIREMENTS
The objective in growing carrots is a high yield of straight, smooth roots. Deep, well drained, sandy
loam soils with a friable texture are most desirable. Heavy, stony, compacted and poorly drained soil
is less desirable at it interferes with the development of the roots. Carrots do not grow well in acid
soils below a pH of 5. A pH of 6.5 to 7.0 is ideal for carrot production. Carrots are also very sensitive
to saline soils and brackish soils should be avoided.
2.3 PRODUCT TYPES
Imperator
Not a common type grown for the commercial fresh and "cut and peel" market making up
approximately 5-10% of the SA carrot market. The roots are long (20 – 25 cm), tapered and slender.
The roots have a small core and an overall, deep orange colour. The exterior is smooth.
Nantes
Commonly used for home or farmer market or roadside stands, although is mainly grown for
commercial fresh market, cello-packing, bunching and processing. Roots are medium in length (15 –
18 cm), 2.5 – 5 cm in diameter, cylindrical, generally with a slight shoulder and an abrupt, blunt taper.
Amsterdam or Miniature
This is considered the true "baby carrot". Mostly used for the cello bag but also used in processed
mixed vegetable packs. Roots are short (6 – 11cm long) and narrow (1 – 2 cm diameter at crown)
with a slender, cylindrical shape. These carrots can be difficult and expensive to grow. Generally,
these carrots should be harvested at an early stage of development or they become quite woody.
Maturity is usually from 60 to 80 days.
Kuroda
This is a medium maturing variety approximately 110 days. It is also referred to as "Asian carrot".
Generally thick-shouldered, short to medium length, tapered but with blunt tip, light orange to well-
coloured, mild flavour. A considerable range of flavours, shapes, colours and uniformity is common.
3. SEEDS OF SUCCESS
CUSTOMER SERVICES: 0860 782 753 • WWW.STARKEAYRES.CO.ZA• MEMBER OF THE PLENNEGY GROUP
3. CULTIVATION PRACTICES
3.1 SOIL PREPARATION
Carrot seeds are small and are sown directly in the field. It is therefore most important that the soil be
thoroughly prepared, with a level, fine, soil surface. Deep ploughing or working to loosen the soil to a
depth of at least 30 cm is important to allow good root development. A chisel plough is recommended
to work the soils to this depth. Sub-soiling can be advantageous in breaking compacted soil layers. It
is preferable that soil be raised and bedded in order to obtain optimum drainage and soil depth to
maximise root length and smoothness.
3.2 PLANTING PERIODS
Sowing carrots in South Africa is heavily influenced by varietal differences and geographic location.
However in general, sowing can be carried out according to the following table.
Table 1: Generalized sowing dates for carrots in South Africa.
Area J F M A M J J A S O N D
Cold areas (heavy frosts)
Warm areas (light frosts)
Hot areas (no frost)
3.3 SOWING
3.3.1 PLANT POPULATION
One of the major problems confronting most carrot growers is to achieve the correct plant population.
Where the population is too low, roots tend to become large, are generally subject to more
splitting/cracking, and marketable yields are detrimentally affected. On the other hand, where the
population is excessive, roots tend to become smaller, are often twisted around one another, giving a
poorer quality root, and marketable yields of good quality may also be lowered.
For larger, processing type carrots: 600 000 – 900 000 plants per hectare
For standard pre-pack sized carrots: 900 000 – 1 500 000 plants per hectare
For Imperators/baby carrots: 2 000 000 – 3 500 000 plants per hectare
3.3.2 PLANTING DEPTH
The ideal planting depth depends on the environmental conditions but as a general rule of thumb any
depth between 0.5 cm and 1.5 cm. It must be noted that at shallower depths the seed can be
affected by the weather conditions on the surface (extreme heat or cold) and that when planted
deeper the seed requires more food reserves to emerge and hence may emerge as a stressed
seedling.
3.4 FERTILIZATION
It is always recommended that a soil and water analysis be done prior to planting carrots. This will
ensure that all factors, including pH are taken into account thereby reducing fertiliser waste and
eliminating the risk of oversupply and possible risk of fertiliser burn of the crop.
3.4.1 FERTILIZATION GUIDELINE
3.4.1.1 NITROGEN
On mineral/sandy/light soils, apply up to 110 kg N/ha.. Apply two-thirds of the nitrogen before
planting and the balance side-dressed when plants are 10 cm tall. The purpose of side-dressing is to
supply additional nutrients during the growth of the crop. On heavier soils apply up to 60 kg N/ha,
broadcast, prior to planting.
4. SEEDS OF SUCCESS
CUSTOMER SERVICES: 0860 782 753 • WWW.STARKEAYRES.CO.ZA• MEMBER OF THE PLENNEGY GROUP
3.4.1.2 PHOSPHORUS
Phosphate fertilizers are usually low in toxicity because a large portion of the phosphate is
precipitated in the soil before it can reach the plant roots.. As a guideline 80 – 150 kg/ha are applied.
3.4.1.3 POTASSIUM
200 – 300 kg of Potassium should be applied, 50% before planting and the remainder can be worked
in with nitrogen applications.
3.4.1.4 CALCIUM
An application of 30 kg per hectare of CaO (calcium oxide) applied pre-plant can reduce the
symptoms of calcium deficiency.
3.4.2.5 MAGNESIUM
If Magnesium is deficient, 30 kg/ha of actual soluble magnesium can be applied. If the soil pH is
below 6.0, the application of dolomitic lime can help.
3.4.2.6 BORON
Visual symptoms and plant analysis are useful to predict boron requirements in plants. A boron
deficiency can cause necrosis in the growing tip or internal breakdown in carrot roots. Boron is
recommended on new organic soils at a rate of 2.6 kg actual boron/ha with the fertilizer.
3.5 IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS
Carrots are most sensitive to moisture stress during root enlargement and seed germination. In
general, carrots require approximately 900 mm of water per crop cycle (140 days). Since small carrot
seeds are unable to emerge when surface crusting occurs and can be burnt off if surface
temperatures are too high, irrigation during the pre-emergence period revolves around maintaining a
moist, cool, loose soil surface. For the remainder of the season, the available soil moisture should not
be depleted by more than 50%.
3.6 OTHER CULTIVATION PRACTICES
3.6.1 WEED CONTROL
Carrots are small, rather vulnerable plants during the early stages of growth. Many weeds, on the
other hand, grow rapidly and vigorously, and are efficient competitors for available nutrients, water
and sunlight. It is very important that weeds be controlled in the early stages of crop development,
because early competition can adversely affect plant growth and result in the lowering of crop yields.
4. HARVESTINGAND MARKETING
Carrots are usually harvested when they are immature, once the roots have achieved sufficient size to
fill the tip and develop a uniform taper. Length may also be used as a maturity index for harvest
timing. Fresh Market carrots must be over 13 cm long and between 20 and 40 mm in diameter. In
summer this usually occurs at about 90 to 110 days after sowing and in winter between 110 and 180
days after sowing.
Carrots are usually harvested mechanically using belt pick-up harvesters or in some instances with
modified potato harvesters. Belt pick-up harvesters can be configured for single or multiple row
harvesting. Harvesting by hand is an option but due to the high population numbers this can be very
labour intensive. The carrots are then gathered, washed, graded and packaged.
5. SEEDS OF SUCCESS
CUSTOMER SERVICES: 0860 782 753 • WWW.STARKEAYRES.CO.ZA• MEMBER OF THE PLENNEGY GROUP
INDEMNITY
All technical advice and/or production guidelines given by STARKE AYRES or any of its personnel with reference to the use of its
products, is based on the company’s best judgement. However, it must be expressly understood that STARKE AYRES does not
assume responsibility for any advice given or for the results obtained.
Average yields of fresh market and processing carrots combined reported to be about 50 to 70 t/ha for
hybrid varieties, with yields of up to 100 t/ha having been achieved by some successful growers.
Open pollinated varieties on the other hand yield on average 30 to 40 t/ha.
A small proportion of carrots are marketed by being bunched, with leaves attached. Bunches vary in
size from about 5 to 10 or more roots. They are then packed in crates or even mesh pockets. The
use of pre-packs without leaves is most popular, particularly for very fine roots or baby carrots. Pack
sizes range from 1kg, 2kg, 5kg and the bulk 10kg plastic bag.