The document discusses primates and human origins. It defines hominids and primates, noting that hominids evolved to walk upright and have opposable thumbs, while primates have binocular vision and well-developed brains and limbs. It outlines the two hypotheses for modern human evolution - the multi-regional model suggesting independent evolution in several places, and the out-of-Africa model where Homo sapiens first evolved in Africa from earlier species like Homo habilis, Homo ergaster, and Homo erectus. It also discusses Homo neanderthalensis and evidence that Homo sapiens lived alongside them around 50,000-40,000 years ago.

1. Primates and Human Origins Kyle Gorsiski 3/29/10 Period 6

2. What is a Hominid? The Hominid family includes modern humans, developed over millions of years, learning to walk upright and have opposable thumbs. The skull, neck, spinal column, hipbones, and leg bones of early hominid species changed shape to enable walking upright.

3. Primates What is a primate? - A primate has binocular vision, a well-developed cerebrum, fingers, toes, and arms that can rotate in their shoulder joints. Evolution of primates - There were two original branches of primates: Prosimians, or animals that looks very little like typical monkeys, and Anthropoids, which look like the primates of today, which include monkeys, apes and humans.

4. Road to Modern Humans Out of Africa– but Who and When? Two hypothesis’ of how we evolved from earlier members of the genus Homo. One is the multi-regional model, which suggests that homo- sapiens have evolved independently in several places around the world. The other is the out-of-Africa model, which says the first homo sapiens evolved in Africa. -Humans belong to the species Homo Sapien . -Started as Homo Habilis , then evolved into Homo Ergaster , then Homo Erectus where they started to migrate out of Africa.

5. Modern Homo Sapiens Homo Neanderthalensis, whos remains appeared in Neander Valley in Germany, made tools and lived in organized social groups. Homo Sapiens came about 100,000 years ago, living side by side with the Neanderthals in modern day Israel. About 50,000-40,000 years ago, drastic changes started to appear. Homo Sapiens started to make more sophisticated technology and began doing rituals when they buried, much like modern humans.

6. Bibliography (Listed in order shown.) Photograph. Web. <http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo/images/Homo_habilis_face_reconstruction.jpg>. Photograph. Web. <http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/phil_myers/ADW_mammals/Primates/ateles_geoffroyi.jpg/medium.jpg>. Photograph. Web. <http://www.bized.co.uk/images/road.jpg>. http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_humans