The document discusses community development and its key aspects. It defines community development as the process of empowering communities to improve their social and economic conditions through collective action. The core aims of community development are to enable, empower and educate communities. It focuses on participatory approaches and engaging the whole community. Rural and urban community development are also discussed.

1. MAHMOOD-UL-HASSAN MUJHAID
DEPT. OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT

2. THE WORD COMMUNITY COMES FROM THE
LATIN WORD, ‘COMMUNITAS’ WHICH MEANS AS
COMMON. A GROUP OF PEOPLE SHARING
COMMON LIVING ACCOMMODATION AND
GOODS. FOR OUR PURPOSES, A COMMUNITY IS A
GROUP OF PEOPLE LIVING IN THE SAME AREA OR
HAVING THE SAME RELIGION OR RACE. IN
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, COMMUNITIES ARE OFTEN
FAMILY GROUPS WHICH FORM VILLAGES. MANY
OF THESE COMMUNITIES SHARE A COMMON
LANGUAGE, WHICH HELPS THE PEOPLE
IDENTIFY WITH THEIR COMMUNITY.
What is community
?

3. Community development
CD REFERS TO CREATION OF SOCIAL SERVICES, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT,
COMMUNITY EDUCATION PROGRAM AND OTHER WELFARE PROGRAMS. THE
TERM ‘CD’ USED TO DESCRIBE A GOAL OF BRINGING ABOUT SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC DEVT IN AREAS WHICH ARE UNDERDEVELOPED.
 CD CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A GOAL AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AS
THE PROCESS OR THE METHOD BY WHICH CD CAN BE ACHIEVED.
CD PRODUCES SELF-RELIANT, SELF-SUSTAINING AND EMPOWERED
COMMUNITIES.
 CD ALSO KNOWN AS COMMUITY BUILDING.

4. DEFINITION OF CD
“COMMUNITY DEVT IS AN ATTEMPT
TO BRING ABOUT A SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF
VILLAGE LIFE THROUGH THE
EFFORTS OF THE PEOPLE
THEMSELVES”
“COMMUNITY DEVT IS THE PROCESS
OF ASSISTING ORDINARY PEOPLE TO
IMPROVE THEIR OWN
COMMUNITIES BY UNDERTAKING
COLLECTIVE ACTION”

5. THE TERM CD WAS FIRST OFFICIALLY USED IN
1948 AT BRITISH COLONIAL OFFICE CAMBRIDGE
CONFERENCE ON DEVT OF AMERICAN
INITIATIVE.
THE THEN CDP AIMED AT HELPINGAND
DEVELOPING THEIR ECONOMIES.
THE CDP WAS ALSO A RESULT OF THE
CONCLUSION BRITISH COLONIES IN AFRICA
PREPARE FOR INDEPENDENCE BY IMPROVING
LOCAL GOVT DRAWN FROM THE ‘GROW MORE
FOOD’ ENQUIRY REPORT.
BACKGROUND OF
CD

6. CORE OF COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
EnablingEmpowering
Educating

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF CD
FOCUSES ON THE WHOLE COMMUNITY.
EMPHASIZES PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AS SELF-HELP.
USES PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY AS A MODEL FOR DECISION MAKING.

8. ELEMENTS OF CD
PROCESS
METHODPROGRAM
MOVEMENT

9. VALUES OF CD
ALL PEOPLE HAVE BASIC DIGNITY .
PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO HELP MAKE DECISIONS ON ISSUES THAT
IMPACT THEIR WELL-BEING.
PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO STRIVE TO CREATE THE ENVIRONMENT THEY
WANT.
PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO REJECT AN EXTERNALLY IMPOSED
ENVIRONMENT.

10. PRINCIPLES OF CD
PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO REJECT AN EXTERNALLY IMPOSED
PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC DECISION-MAKING SHOULD BE FREE AND OPEN
TO ALL CITIZENS.
TRUST IS ESSENTIAL FOR EFFECTIVE WORKING RELATIONSHIP.
METHODS THAT PRODUCE ACCURATE INFORMATION ABOUT THE
COMMUNITY ARE VITAL TO THE PROCESS.
UNDERSTANDING AND GENERAL AGREEMENT ARE THE BASIS FOR
COMMUNITY CHANGE.
ALL INDIVIDUALS HAVE THE RIGHT TO BE HEARD IN OPEN DISCUSSION,
AND THE RESPONSIBILITY TO RESPECT OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS.

11. PILLARS OF CD
Objectives
People
Strategy
Technology

12. COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT VS
COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
1) Govt sponsored program. 1) Govt sponsorship is not
important.
2) Aims to provide services to
the people mainly economic for
improvement.
2) Services are organized and
planned by the people
themselves under the guidance
of organizer.
3) Practiced mainly in
underdeveloped or developing
communities for economic devt.
3) Develop cooperative and
collaborative attitude among
people in the community.
4) Workers are a govt
functionary and expert in
removing economic
backwardness.
4) Not necessarily a govt
functionary, he is skilled in
community planning.

13. PROCESS OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Getting
knowledge
Knowing
community
Identifying
local leaders
Recognizing
resources
Stimulating
community
Deciding
program
Fostering
selfconfidence
Discussing
problem
Identifying
pressing
problem
Increasing
self-help
Solving
problem

14. BRANCHES OF
CD
1. RURAL DEVELOPMENT
2. URBAN DEVELOPMENT

15. I. RURAL
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
THE TERM ‘RURAL
DEVELOPMENT’ MEANS ALL
ROUND DEVT OF RURAL AREAS
WITH A VIEW TO BETTERMENT
OF LIFESTYLE AND STANDARD
OF LIVING IN ALL SPHERES OF
THEIR LIFE.
RCD AIMS AT IMPROVING THE
WELFARE OF RURAL PEOPLE
AND THEIR LIVELIHOODS ON A
SUSTAINABLE AND EQUITABLE
BASIS.
PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IS THE
CENTRE-PIECE IN RCD

16. PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM
IN 1957, THE PLANNING COMMISSION APPOINTED A HIGH-RANKING STUDY COMMITTEE
HEADED BY BALWANT RAI MEHTA, CM OF GUJARAT.
THIS COMMITTEE RECOMMENDED PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM THROUGH WHICH CAN BE
IMPLEMENT RCD.
THE AIM OF EVERY VILLAGE BEING A REPUBLIC AND PANCHAYATS HAVING POWERS HAS BEEN
TRANSLATED INTO REALITY WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF THREE TIER PANCHAYAT RAJ SYSTEM
TO ENLIST PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN RURAL DEVT.

17. FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVES OF RCD
 TO TEACH FARMERS HOW TO DETERMINE THEIR OWN PROBLEMS
 TO HELP THEM ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PROBLEMS
 TO MOTIVATE THEM TO SOLVE THEIR PROBLEM
TO HELP THEM BUILD UP SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
TO TRAIN RURAL UNEMPLOYED YOUTH
TO EMPOWER FARMERS/ LABOURE'S TO DISCOURAGE MIGRATION TO
URBAN.

18. Sanitati
on Hygiene
Public
Health
RCD
Infant
Welfare

19. 2. Examine data
from step one
6. Monitor
improvements
for sustainability
1. Confirm
suspread
problem by
gathering more
information
4. Implement
actions for
improvement
5. Assess
progress and
refine actors for
improvement
3. Set goals and
formulate
actions for
improvement

20. METHODS INVOLVED IN RCD
 PRA IS THE MAJOR AND IMPORTANT METHOD IN RCD.
IT IS INTENDED TO ENABLE LOCAL COMMUNITIES TO CONDUCT THEIR
OWN ANALYSIS AND TO PLANED TAKE ACTION.
THE AIM OF PRA IS TO HELP STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF VILLAGERS
TO PLAN, MAKE DECISIONS, TAKE ACTION TOWARDS IMPROVING THEIR
OWN SITUATIONS.
PLA (PARTICIPATORY LEARNING AND ACTION) IS OFTEN USED
INTERCHANGEABLY WITH PRA.

21. II. URBAN COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
URBAN COMMUNITY DEVT IN INDIA DRIVES ITS ORIGIN FROM THE RURAL
COMMUNITY DEVT PROGRAM WHICH COMMENCEDON 2ND OCT. 1952.
IT REQUIRES THE URBAN CITIZEN’S EFFORTS LIKE FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE IN AREAS LIKE
SANITATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, EDUCATION AND RECREATION.

22. URBAN BODIES
THERE SEVERAL TYPES OF URBAN BODIES IN INDIA SUCH AS
MUNICIPALITY, NOTIFIED
AREA COMMITTEE, TOWN AREA COMMITTEE, SPECIAL
PURPOSE AGENCY,
TOWNSHIP, PORT TRUST, CANTONMENT BOARD, ETC.
NAGARPALIKA ACT CAME INTO FORCE ON 1ST JUNE,1993.
THE 74TH AMENDMENT MADE THE PROVISIONS RELATING TO
URBAN LOCAL GOVTS(NAGARPALIKA).
THREE-TIER STRUCTURE OF NAGARPALIKA :- MUNICIPAL
CORPORATIONS, MUNICIPAL COUNCIL, AND NAGAR
PANCHAYAT.

23. REFERENCES
 VIVEK RAMPAL, 2009, SOCIAL WORK AND COMMUNITY DEVT, ALFA
PUBLICATIONS.
 MUKESH KUMAR PRAJAPATI, 2013, COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORK, VISTA
PUBLICATIONS.
 LINDA BRISKMAN, 2007, SOCIAL WORK WITH INDIGENOUS
COMMUNITIES, FEDERATION PUBLICATIONS.
 MANOHAR PAWAR, 2014, SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY DEVT, SAGE
PUBLICATIONS.