Primary/Caucuses
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This document discusses the process for selecting presidential nominees in the United States in 2012. It describes the four stages: caucuses and primaries (Stage 1), nominating conventions (Stage 2), the general election (Stage 3), and the electoral college (Stage 4). In Stage 1, it explains that caucuses are closed meetings where party members select delegates for their presidential nominee, while primaries allow broader voter participation. It also notes that the Iowa caucus in January 2012 was particularly important for kicking off the primary season.
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The document discusses the nomination process for political candidates in the United States. It outlines five main ways candidates get nominated: 1) self-announcement, 2) caucuses, 3) conventions, 4) direct primaries, and 5) petitions. It provides details on closed and open primaries, explaining the differences between the two systems. The document also notes specifics about Ohio's primary process and timeline.
Presidential selection and nominations
The document discusses the original process for electing the U.S. president established by the framers of the Constitution, how political parties emerged and changed this process, and the modern presidential nomination process. Originally, electors cast two votes for president and the top vote getter would win, with the runner up becoming vice president. The rise of parties in the 1790s exposed flaws, leading to the 12th Amendment requiring separate electoral college votes for president and vice president. Today, the two major parties use a mix of primaries and caucuses to select delegates who vote on candidates at the parties' national conventions.
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The United States does not directly elect the President. Instead, citizens vote for electors who then vote for the Presidential candidates. There are 538 electors total, with the number per state based on its number of Congressional representatives. On election day, voters cast ballots for candidates, but are actually voting for pledged electors. The candidate who wins the popular vote in a state usually wins all of its electoral votes. To win the Presidency requires getting a majority (270+) of electoral votes. The Electoral College system has been criticized for allowing candidates to lose the national popular vote but win electors and the Presidency. It also incentivizes focusing campaigns only in competitive "swing states."
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Fiscal Policy
This document discusses fiscal policy and the multiplier effect through a series of scenarios. It explains that an increase in spending, such as from government spending or tax cuts, can have a multiplier effect as that new spending becomes income for others and continues circulating. However, increased government borrowing to fund spending can raise interest rates and "crowd out" private investment. It also discusses how fiscal policy tools like tax increases can combat inflation by reducing aggregate demand.
The sovereign state
This document appears to be a lesson on the concept of sovereign states. It includes definitions and examples related to the four key features that define a sovereign state: a permanent population, defined territory, government, and sovereignty. It discusses topics like what makes a country a country, the roles of government, and features of a state's population and territory. The lesson uses questions, diagrams, and activities to engage students in understanding the concept of sovereign states.
ECongress Certificate
The document contains certificates from the 2021 session of the HHS E-Congress certifying that 12 bills authored by students passed in the House of Representatives. The bills cover topics including minor consent to vaccines, humane disciplinary acts, increased funding for opportunities, renewable energy incorporation, teacher salary accommodation, reduction and prevention of homelessness, job programs to combat homelessness, nectar bearing flower's tax credit, and fixing the system. All bills were sponsored by the Youth Leadership Initiative.
AP Review Day 2
The document appears to be a series of slides from an AP review lesson on day 2. It covers various topics related to US constitutional law and Supreme Court cases, including discussions of enumerated vs implied powers, the impact of key cases like McCulloch v. Maryland and Marbury v. Madison, and comparisons of different court cases. It also includes brief quizzes on required court cases and foundational documents like the Articles of Confederation.
The 2nd amendment firearm regulation
The document appears to be a 14-page lesson on the 2nd Amendment and firearm regulation in the United States. It presents 4 proposals related to gun laws and asks the reader to state if they would personally support each proposal and if the Supreme Court would find it constitutional, explaining their reasoning for both. The proposals relate to restrictions on carrying handguns in public, banning high-capacity magazines, restricting gun ownership for those living with felons, and limiting the rate of fire for certain weapons.
Generic academic honesty
This document provides an overview of Unit 3 in AP Government, which covers civil liberties and civil rights. It notes that the unit will include 2 chapters, 9 court cases, and 1 required document. It also provides test dates and formats for the AP exam in May, with the paper and pencil exam on May 3 at the student's high school, and the digital exam from home on May 20. The document indicates civil liberties are rooted in the Bill of Rights and protect individuals from government overreach, while civil rights rely on the 14th Amendment and protect individuals from discrimination.
Supreme court nominations
The document discusses the Supreme Court nomination process. It explains that the President nominates Supreme Court justices and the Senate holds confirmation hearings and votes on whether to approve the nomination. It also discusses different judicial philosophies that influence a President's selection of nominees and how the nomination and confirmation process allows the executive and legislative branches to check the judicial branch.
A Very Big Branch (Bureaucracy)
This document appears to be a series of slides from an online lesson about the executive branch of the US government and bureaucracy. It includes definitions of key terms, examples of executive agencies and their roles, quizzes and discussion questions about regulations and enforcement. The goal seems to be helping students understand the large network of departments, agencies, and roles within the executive branch.
The legislative process
This document is a 30-page lesson on the legislative process. It includes sections on when a congressman might act as a delegate or trustee, an open-ended question, a Schoolhouse Rock video, another open-ended question on why so few bills become law, and a quiz on the legislative process. The lesson covers the typical steps bills go through in Congress, from introduction to committee work to floor debates to the president.
How Congress Works
This document appears to be a 31-slide lesson on how Congress works. It includes slides with text, questions for students to answer, and political cartoons. The slides cover topics like the composition of Congress, differences between the House and Senate, the role of party leadership and committees, and the legislative process. The goal seems to be to educate students on the structure and functions of the U.S. Congress.
Peaceful Transition of Power 2021
The document is a lesson about the peaceful transfer of power in the US presidency. It includes sections on Ronald Reagan's 1981 inaugural address, where he notes that the regular transfer of power through elections seems miraculous globally. It asks how cooperation in transitions safeguards the American Republic. Learners are prompted to explain why transitions illustrate the success of the US experiment or are important domestically and internationally.
The role of media
This document appears to be a lesson plan on the role of media. It includes links to various news articles and videos. The lesson discusses how different types of media outlets have different agendas that influence which stories they choose to cover. It also addresses how commercial news sources make money through advertising and aim to attract audiences. The lesson quizzes students on these concepts and asks them to reflect on questions about media influence and setting the public agenda.
Interest groups
This document is a 50-page lesson on interest groups. It includes definitions of interest groups, examples of different types of interest groups like the Sierra Club and AARP, activities they engage in like lobbying and donating money, and quizzes about interest groups. The lesson explains how interest groups try to influence public policy and elections by informing the public, endorsing political candidates, and lobbying the government.
Show me the money
This document is a 38-page lesson on the connection between money and politics. It includes a Pink Floyd music video, discussion questions, explanations of terms like interest groups, political action committees (PACs), and super PACs. It also discusses how these groups can raise and spend unlimited sums to influence elections, and covers the Supreme Court's Citizens United decision that deregulated campaign finance laws. The lesson aims to explain how interest groups, political donations, and spending work within the political process in the United States.
Primaries caucuses
This document is a lesson on primaries and caucuses that is presented over 35 slides. It includes information about the general process of the presidential election, a timeline activity, an election calendar, videos explaining how primaries and caucuses work, quizzes comparing primaries and caucuses, and open-ended discussion questions about advantages of each and a state's primary process. Students are asked to create a Venn diagram to contrast primaries and caucuses. The lesson provides information to help students understand the differences between primaries and caucuses and how the presidential nomination process unfolds.
One big party
The document discusses political parties and the two-party system in the United States. It includes questions about party roles, platforms, and voter registration. There are also true/false questions testing understanding of independent voters, third party candidates, party access and information, and the balance of power between parties in Congress. The purpose is to help students learn about the characteristics and functions of the two dominant political parties in the US.
Fiscal and-monetary-policy
This document discusses fiscal and monetary policy tools used by governments and central banks to influence aggregate demand and stabilize economies. Fiscal policy tools include changes to government spending and taxes by Congress and the President. Monetary policy tools are used by the Federal Reserve and include open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rates. Both fiscal and monetary policies can be either expansionary or contractionary depending on whether their goal is to increase or decrease aggregate demand to address recessionary or inflationary gaps in the economy.
Examining global opinion
This document appears to be a series of lessons examining global opinion on various topics based on poll data and graphs. It includes open-ended questions asking students to summarize information, identify trends or inconsistencies, and compare opinions across different countries and time periods. Students are prompted to analyze differences in how favorably various nations view the American people versus the United States. The lesson examines topics like priorities around jobs versus the environment, views of U.S. anti-terrorism efforts, and support for continued Western military presence.
Federalism with McCulloch
This document discusses the concept of federalism in the United States, focusing on the landmark Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland. It presents information on the enumerated and reserved powers of the federal and state governments. It also considers whether the federal government has the authority to establish a national bank and whether states can tax that bank, addressing arguments made in McCulloch v. Maryland. Open-ended questions ask about the advantages of a national bank, why states may feel threatened by one, and whether certain laws are justified by implied federal powers.
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Primary/Caucuses
- 1. SSeelleeccttiinngg aa PPrreessiiddeenntt 22001122:: Primaries & Caucuses
- 2. Presidential SSeelleeccttiioonn Stage 1: Caucuses & Primaries The Battle for the Party Faithful Stage 2: Nominating Conventions “Glorified Infomercials?” Stage 3: General Election The Fight for the Center Stage 4: Electoral College Power to the People?
- 3. SSttaaggee 11:: CCaauuccuusseess Closed meeting of party members in each state Delegates select the party’s choice for presidential candidate Currently, six states offer party caucuses selecting presidential nominees.
- 4. SSttaaggee 11:: CCaauuccuusseess Rick Santorum and Ron Paul campaign for Iowa. Questions for Discussion: 1. The Iowa Caucus is on January 3, 2012. Why is it so important? 2. Brainstorm pros and cons to the caucus format.
- 5. Stage 1: Primaries Presidential Primary Elections - special elections in which voters select candidates to be the party’s nominee for president in the general election. Primary Season - January - June Who Decides? - State party organizations for the most part decide the rules for the primaries in a particular state. Types of Primaries: Closed Primaries O p e n Primaries Mitt Romney campaigning in New Hampshire
- 6. Closed Primary • Voters may vote in a party's primary only if they are registered members of that party
- 7. Open Primary • A registered voter may vote in any party primary regardless of his or her own party affiliation.
- 9. Map of 2012 Primary & Caucus Dates States with split colors have different systems for Democrats and Republicans. The color on the left represents the Democratic method, the color on the right represents the Republican method. www.centerforpolitics.org
- 10. Hajo De Reijger- www.caglecartoons.com What advantage does the democratic party have in the 2012 election process?