AP Review Day 2

Quiz
Required Court Cases
Lesson: AP Review Day 2 17/51

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the
two court cases?
A
B
C
D

Based on the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), what is the difference
between enumerated powers and implied powers?
Enumerated powers are powers that the Constitution explicitly grants to the
federal government, whereas implied powers are not explicitly written but are
necessary for carrying out enumerated powers
Enumerated powers are powers given to the federal government, whereas
implied powers are powers given to state governments
Implied powers are powers that the Constitution explicitly grants to the
federal government, whereas enumerated powers are not explicitly written
but are necessary for carrying out implied powers
Implied powers are powers given to the federal government, whereas
enumerated powers are powers given to state governments

Which of the following statements best summarizes the decision in
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?
Congress cannot use the commerce clause to regulate the possession of
firearms in public schools
The Supreme Court has the right to declare whether a law is unconstitutional
Congress has implied powers not listed in the Constitution in order to
implement its enumerated powers
State laws have supremacy over federal laws as granted under the Tenth
Amendment

two court cases?
A
B
C
D

Which of the following statements best explains how the Fourteenth
Amendment has been interpreted to enhance federal power?
The Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to nominate state
governors
The Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to monitor and regulate
voting booths
The Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to regulate school
curriculums
The Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the right to regulate
discrimination in states

Which statement accurately summarizes the impact of the United States v.
Lopez (1995) decision?
It established limits to federal power under the commerce clause
It ruled that an individual’s right to bear arms for self-defense applied to state and local
governments
It upheld supremacy of the federal laws over state laws
It increased the Supreme Court’s power to declare laws unconstitutional

“So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a
particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the
constitution; or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which
of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty. If, then, the
courts are to regard the constitution, and the constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the
legislature, the constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both
apply.” -John Marshall, decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) Which of the following statements
best summarizes Marshall’s argument?
The Supreme Court should judge whether both a law and the Constitution
apply to a case
The Supreme Court should judge whether the law or the Constitution ought to
determine a case
The Supreme Court should judge ordinary acts as equal to the Constitution
The Supreme Court should judge whether a law is constitutional

two court cases?
A
B
C
D

"The school officials banned and sought to punish petitioners for a silent, passive
expression of opinion, unaccompanied by any disorder or disturbance on the part of
petitioners. There is here no evidence whatever of petitioners' interference, actual or
nascent, with the schools' work or of collision with the rights of other students to be
secure and to be let alone. Accordingly, this case does not concern speech or action that
intrudes upon the work of the schools or the rights of other students." -Justice Abe Fortas
Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the passage?
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Schenck v. United States (1919)
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

“The character of every act depends upon the circumstances in which it is done. The
most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting
fire in a theatre and causing a panic.” -Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Supporters of
Justice Holmes’s argument could point to which of the following cases?
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Schenck v. United States (1919)

How to Write the Court Comparison FRQ AP Gov 2021 NEW!

Open Ended Question

A) Identify the constitutional provision that guided the Court's
decision in both Johnson v. Texas (1989) and Schenck v. United
States (1919). B) Explain how the considerations in the two
cases in Part A were similar or different. C) Describe an action
that states that disagree with the hold in Johnson v. Texas can
take to stop flag burning without violating the Court's decision.
Please enter your answer here.

Quiz
Required Foundational Documents

Republicanism is best defined as which of the following?
The belief that government should follow the principles of the Republican
party
The belief that the government’s right to rule comes from the people
The idea that government should only have powers granted under the
Constitution
The system by which the interests of the people are represented through
elected leaders

Social contract is best defined as which of the following?
The belief that the government’s right to rule comes from the people
The belief that government should only have powers granted under the
Constitution
The agreement between people and the government defining the rights and
duties of each
The system in which the interests of the people are represented through
elected leaders

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of limited government?
The federal government replacing state curricula in public schools
The federal government restricting commerce within a state
The president appointing state and federal judges
The president vetoing a bill from Congress

Which two were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? I. The federal
government could not levy taxes. II. The executive branch was more
powerful than Congress. III. The federal government could not raise an
army. IV. Each state had two votes in a bicameral Congress.
I and II
I and III
II and IV
III and IV

"The insurgents who were assembled at Worcester in Massachusetts have disbanded. The people at
Boston seem to be glad at this event and say it was the effect of fear. But the fact is that the
insurgents effected their object . . . "The commotions of Massachusetts have wrought prodigious
changes in the minds of men in that State [with regard to] the Powers of Government. Everybody
says they must be strengthened and that unless this shall be effected there is no Security for liberty
or Property. Such is the State of things in the east, that much trouble is to be apprehended in the
course of the ensuing year." -Henry Knox, letter to his former commander George Washington,
1786 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?
Fear of the military power of the national government will put down future
uprisings despite the events in Massachusetts
The insurgents in Massachusetts were right to rebel against the state
government, which had imposed unfair restrictions on their liberties
The lack of centralized military power under the Articles of Confederation
poses a serious threat to the stability of the United States
Americans should not overreact to incidents like the Massachusetts uprising
by giving the national government more strength

Articles of Confederation and the Constitution?
A
B
C
D

Removal of a public official for crimes or abuse of power is an example of
which of the following principles of American government?
Federalism
Republicanism
Policymaking complexity
Checks and balances

"In a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of
a single government; and the usurpations are guarded against by a division of the government into
distinct and separate departments. In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered
by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to
each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the
rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that
each will be controlled by itself." -Publius (James Madison), Federalist No. 51, 1788 Which of the
following principles of US government is most consistent with the author’s argument?
Natural rights
Consent of the governed
Republicanism
Separation of powers

“There is no position which depends on clearer principles, than that every act of a
delegated authority, contrary to the tenor of the commission under which it is
exercised, is void. No legislative act, therefore, contrary to the Constitution, can be
valid.” -Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 78, “The Judiciary Department,” 1788
Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton’s argument?
Arguments against the adoption of the Constitution are invalid
The Supreme Court should have the power of judicial review
Few legislative acts are contrary to the Constitution
The Constitution delegates ultimate authority to the legislative branch

“The complete independence of the courts of justice is peculiarly essential in a limited
Constitution. By a limited Constitution, I understand one which contains certain specified
exceptions to the legislative authority . . . Limitations of this kind can be preserved in practice
no other way than through the medium of courts of justice, whose duty it must be to declare
all acts contrary to the manifest tenor of the Constitution void. Without this, all the
reservations of particular rights or privileges would amount to nothing.” -Alexander
Hamilton, Federalist No. 78, “The Judiciary Department,” 1788 Which of the following
statements best summarizes Hamilton’s argument?
The judicial branch should defer all rulings on legislative issues to Congress
because members of Congress are elected, but judges are not
The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and judging
whether the laws passed by Congress are constitutional
The judicial branch needs to be held accountable for its decisions and have
term limits to protect individual rights
The judicial branch should not have the power to overrule acts of Congress
and the president because it does not have the power to enforce laws
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