Surveys a number of essential issues related to pricing and public policy in market economies. Begins with a brief review of the price-determination process in competitive markets, then examines a range of topics involving pricing and public policy in monopoly and oligopoly markets. Includes a number of graphs that illustrate the relationship between costs, demand, price, efficiency, and profitability under various market conditions.
Surveys a number of essential issues related to pricing and public policy in market economies. Begins with a brief review of the price-determination process in competitive markets, then examines a range of topics involving pricing and public policy in monopoly and oligopoly markets. Includes a number of graphs that illustrate the relationship between costs, demand, price, efficiency, and profitability under various market conditions.
In this short revision video we look at a range of business objectives and how they affect the price that might be charged to consumers.
Key revision points:
Objectives often driven by managerial motives
Interdependent behaviour in an oligopoly - firms must consider the likely reactions of rivals
Most businesses are satisficers rather than maximisers
Regulatory interventions do matter e.g. price capping
More firms now use big data to drive revenues
Consumers are increasingly sensitive to issues surrounding fair / ethical pricing
In this short revision video we look at a range of business objectives and how they affect the price that might be charged to consumers.
Key revision points:
Objectives often driven by managerial motives
Interdependent behaviour in an oligopoly - firms must consider the likely reactions of rivals
Most businesses are satisficers rather than maximisers
Regulatory interventions do matter e.g. price capping
More firms now use big data to drive revenues
Consumers are increasingly sensitive to issues surrounding fair / ethical pricing
A research team from the Duke University Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness presented on Global Value Chains and trade policies for food and nutrition at a security workshop in Rome on September 26, 2014.
Pricing In Marketing - UNIT-5 & 6-PRICING.pptetebarkhmichale
The law of attraction is the most powerful force in the universe. If you work against it, it can only bring you pain and misery. Successful people know this but have kept it hidden from the lower class for centuries because they did not want to share their wealth. The universal law of attraction is simple. We attract whatever we choose to give our attention to. If we focus on bad things, we will attract more bad things. But the minute you stop focusing on bad and focus on good, you change the pattern and now good things start coming your way.
If we knew the law of attraction and applied it in our lives daily, we would have so much power and control that it would be scary. We could have what we wanted, and when we wanted it. We would have total control of our lives. If you think of yourself as a powerful attractor, you will attract more of what you want in your life, simply by thinking about it, then acting on it. But there is one ingredient you cannot leave out or the law of attraction won't work.
When we think of an object in our mind, we then send that image to our hearts and act on it with emotion. A formula makes this easy to follow: TFAR (Thoughts, Feelings, Actions, and Results) When we take necessary action, the universe shows up and gives us the results we wanted.
The law of attraction works by performing three steps. And these steps must be done for the process to work. These steps are:
1. Getting clear. You must know what it is you want or else you won’t get it. The universe won’t know what you are asking for, so how can it deliver?
2. Vibrate to the level of energy corresponding to what you want. If you want something and you think about it, feel it, and act on it, you must keep that level of energy going until you achieve the results you are after.
3. Attract what you want like a magnet. If you focus on what you want but don’t allow it to come into your life, it won’t. You have to be willing to accept it and acknowledge it. Then when you act, it will occur.
Whatever you do during the course of a day, whatever thoughts you think about, you are attracting. If you use it every day, regularly, and practice it this way, you will eventually find that it becomes a habit that you will subconsciously practice.
You may not believe it, but the steps you need to take are easy. But you must do them, believe in them, and believe in yourself, or they will not work. Are you ready to get tuned into the universe and get clear? Can you work in harmony with the laws of the universe and become successful?
If so here are the steps you need to follow:
1. Get clear. You must know exactly what it is you want. If you are in doubt, vague, or too general, you won’t get anywhere. You must know exactly what it is you want first. Only then will you be able to focus and concentrate on that thought?
2. Visualize what you want and vibrate to it. You must form a mental image in your mind so you can see it as if you had it in your possession. For women, you can do the
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
62. Predatory Pricing The practice of charging a very low price for a product with the intent of driving competitors out of business or out of a market.
Q: When you set the price for your products or service, what factors influenced you? Pricing decisions are influenced by various factors: Cost of the product Economic conditions Competition Customer needs and characteristics (age, taste, geography) Company objectives NEXT SLIDE
This chapter, the second of four on the marketing function, gives you a close look at two elements of the marketing mix: product and price. The exploration of price starts with a rundown of the major types of products, the life cycle that most products progress through from introduction to the point at which they’re removed from the market, and the process companies use to create new products. Following that, you’ll learn about the techniques used to identify products: branding, packaging, and labeling. The final product discussion involves the decisions companies make when managing multiple families of products. The chapter wraps up with a look at pricing strategies.
Most manufacturers design a product, then try to figure out how to make it for a price. But recent thinking holds that cost should be the last item analyzed in the pricing formula, not the first. Companies that use priced-based pricing can maximize their profit by first establishing an optimal price for a product or service. The product's price is based on an analysis of a product's competitive advantages, the users' perception of the item, and the market being targeted. Once the desired price has been established, the firm focuses its energies on keeping costs at a level that will allow a healthy profit. Optimal pricing uses computer software to generate the ideal price for every item, at each individual store, at any given time. Research shows that many retailers routinely underprice or overprice the merchandise of their shelves. They generally set a price by marking up from cost, or by benchmarking against the competition’s prices, or simply by hunch. A product's price seldom remains constant and will vary depending on the product's stage in its life cycle. During the introductory phase, for example, the objective might be to recover product development costs as quickly as possible. To achieve this goal, the manufacturer might charge a high initial price — a practice known as skimming — and then drop the price later, when the product is no longer a novelty and competition heats up. Rather than setting a high initial price to skim off a small but profitable market segment, a company might try to build sales volume by charging a low initial price, a practice known as penetration pricing. This approach has the added advantage of discouraging competition, because the low price (which competitors would be pressured to match) limits the profit potential for everyone.
Once a company has set a products’ price, it may choose to adjust that price from time to time to account for changing market situations or changing customer preferences. Three common price adjustment strategies are price discounts, bundling, and dynamic pricing. When you use discount pricing, you offer various types of temporary price reductions, depending on the type of customer being targeted and the type of item being offered. Sometimes sellers combine several of their products and sell them at one reduced price. This practice, called bundling, can promote sales of products consumers might not otherwise buy — especially when the combined price is low enough to entice them to purchase the bundle. Dynamic pricing is the opposite of fixed pricing. Using Internet technology, companies continually reprice their products and services to meet supply and demand. Dynamic pricing not only enables companies to move slow selling merchandise instantly but also allows companies to experiment with different pricing levels. Because price changes are immediately posted to electronic catalogs or websites, customers always have the most current price information.
