- Preventive dentistry aims to prevent dental diseases before they occur through various levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary.
- Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease by targeting the entire population or high-risk groups through health promotion, education, environmental modifications, and specific protective measures like water fluoridation or dental sealants.
- Secondary prevention halts disease progression through early diagnosis and prompt treatment while tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and reducing impairments from existing conditions.
This document discusses preventive dentistry. It defines preventive dentistry as a philosophy that aims to develop healthy oral habits through procedures by dental professionals and others. The objectives of preventive dentistry are outlined, including preventing various factors that can lead to or worsen oral diseases. Different levels of prevention are described, including primary prevention during pre-disease stages, secondary prevention during early disease stages, and tertiary prevention like disability limitation and rehabilitation. Specific strategies for preventing dental caries are also covered, such as dietary control, oral hygiene practices, and adding substances like fluoride to foods.
This document discusses dental disease prevention and prophylaxis at different levels. Primary prevention aims to maintain good oral health through education, fluoride, sealants, nutrition and plaque control. Secondary prevention treats early signs of disease to prevent progression through education, fluoride and removing plaque and tartar. Tertiary prevention focuses on recovery, preventing advanced disease, and decreasing disability through specialist treatment. The overall goals are to reduce the prevalence and severity of dental caries and periodontal disease.
This document provides an overview of preventive dentistry, including its history, definitions, concepts, principles, levels of prevention, and strategies for preventing common oral diseases. Some key points include:
- Preventive dentistry aims to prevent and limit dental diseases and disabilities through interventions like patient education, risk assessment, and early treatment.
- There are three levels of prevention - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention occurs before disease onset, secondary prevention treats early-stage disease, and tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation.
- Common strategies for diseases like dental caries include fluoride applications, dental sealants, and oral health education to promote behaviors like proper brushing and a non-cariogenic diet
DEFINITION
“Actions directed to preventing illness and promoting health to reduce the need for secondary or tertiary health care.
Mosby’s Medical dictionary, 8th edition, 2009
“The action of stopping something from happening or arising”.
Oxford English Dictionary. Lexico 2020
GOALS OF PREVENTION
To promote health
To preserve health
To restore health when it is impaired
To minimize suffering and distress
Successful prevention depends upon:
a knowledge of causation
dynamics of transmission
identification of risk factors and risk groups
availability of prophylactic or early detection and treatment measures,
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
1) Primordial Prevention
2) Primary Prevention
3) Secondary Prevention
4) Tertiary Prevention
PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
It is the prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared.
Main intervention is through individual and mass education.
Eg: Efforts directed towards discouraging children from adopting harmful lifestyles.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
“Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur.”
Intervention is in the pre- pathogenesis phase of a disease or health problem.
The WHO has recommended the following approaches for the primary prevention of chronic diseases where the risk factors are established: –
A) Population (mass) strategy
B) High -risk strategy
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Definition
“ An Action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications.”
Modes of intervention – Early Diagnosis and Specific treatment
The health programmes initiated by governments are usually at the level of secondary prevention.
Advantages:
Important in reducing the high mortality and morbidity of certain diseases like hypertension, cancer cervix and breast cancer.
Disadvantages:
More expensive and less effective than primary prevention.
Patient is already subjected to mental anguish, physical pain;
TERTIARY PREVENTION
It is defined as “all the measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, and to promote the patients adjustment to irremediable conditions”.
It is the intervention in the late pathogenesis phase.
Treatment, even in late stages of disease, may prevent sequelae and limit disability.
Modes of Intervention - Disability limitation and Rehabilitation.
MODES OF INTERVENTION
“Intervention” can be defined as any attempt to intervene or interrupt the usual sequence in the development of disease in man.
5 modes of intervention
1. Health promotion
2. Specific protection
3. Early Diagnosis and treatment
4. Disability limitation
5.Rehabilitation
CONCLUSION
To initiate preventive measures it is not necessary to know everything about natural history of the disease.
Main objective of preventive medicine - to intercept or oppose the “cause” and thereby the disease process
Preventive dentistry aims to prevent oral diseases through various levels of prevention. Primary prevention occurs before disease onset and includes health promotion like education and fluoride use to reduce risk. Secondary prevention detects and treats diseases early through exams, cleanings, and restorations. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation after treatment through procedures like extractions, prosthetics, and orthodontics. Preventive services can be provided individually through self-care, in communities through programs, or professionally during dental visits and include education, fluoride, sealants, cleanings, and restorative and orthodontic treatments.
Dental public health aims to prevent oral disease and promote oral health through community efforts. Preventive dentistry uses procedures to prevent oral diseases and abnormalities. The document discusses principles and objectives of prevention, levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary, definitions of dental caries, factors affecting caries like host factors, agents, and environment. It also discusses methods of preventing dental caries including chemical measures like fluoride, nutritional measures like limiting carbohydrates and increasing fibrous foods, and mechanical measures like toothbrushing and dental sealants.
This document discusses dental public health. It defines public health as preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized community efforts like sanitation, infection control, and education. Dental public health practitioners work to implement health policies and programs, conduct research, and promote oral health prevention and disease control. Their goals are to put policies in place, oversee research, and promote prevention. Common oral diseases include dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. Dental disease impacts public health because it is universally prevalent, does not remit without treatment, and requires technical, expensive, and time-consuming professional treatment. The tools of dental public health practitioners include epidemiology, biostatistics, social sciences, administration principles
- Preventive dentistry aims to prevent dental diseases before they occur through various levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary.
- Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease by targeting the entire population or high-risk groups through health promotion, education, environmental modifications, and specific protective measures like water fluoridation or dental sealants.
- Secondary prevention halts disease progression through early diagnosis and prompt treatment while tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and reducing impairments from existing conditions.
This document discusses preventive dentistry. It defines preventive dentistry as a philosophy that aims to develop healthy oral habits through procedures by dental professionals and others. The objectives of preventive dentistry are outlined, including preventing various factors that can lead to or worsen oral diseases. Different levels of prevention are described, including primary prevention during pre-disease stages, secondary prevention during early disease stages, and tertiary prevention like disability limitation and rehabilitation. Specific strategies for preventing dental caries are also covered, such as dietary control, oral hygiene practices, and adding substances like fluoride to foods.
This document discusses dental disease prevention and prophylaxis at different levels. Primary prevention aims to maintain good oral health through education, fluoride, sealants, nutrition and plaque control. Secondary prevention treats early signs of disease to prevent progression through education, fluoride and removing plaque and tartar. Tertiary prevention focuses on recovery, preventing advanced disease, and decreasing disability through specialist treatment. The overall goals are to reduce the prevalence and severity of dental caries and periodontal disease.
This document provides an overview of preventive dentistry, including its history, definitions, concepts, principles, levels of prevention, and strategies for preventing common oral diseases. Some key points include:
- Preventive dentistry aims to prevent and limit dental diseases and disabilities through interventions like patient education, risk assessment, and early treatment.
- There are three levels of prevention - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention occurs before disease onset, secondary prevention treats early-stage disease, and tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation.
- Common strategies for diseases like dental caries include fluoride applications, dental sealants, and oral health education to promote behaviors like proper brushing and a non-cariogenic diet
DEFINITION
“Actions directed to preventing illness and promoting health to reduce the need for secondary or tertiary health care.
Mosby’s Medical dictionary, 8th edition, 2009
“The action of stopping something from happening or arising”.
Oxford English Dictionary. Lexico 2020
GOALS OF PREVENTION
To promote health
To preserve health
To restore health when it is impaired
To minimize suffering and distress
Successful prevention depends upon:
a knowledge of causation
dynamics of transmission
identification of risk factors and risk groups
availability of prophylactic or early detection and treatment measures,
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
1) Primordial Prevention
2) Primary Prevention
3) Secondary Prevention
4) Tertiary Prevention
PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
It is the prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared.
Main intervention is through individual and mass education.
Eg: Efforts directed towards discouraging children from adopting harmful lifestyles.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
“Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur.”
Intervention is in the pre- pathogenesis phase of a disease or health problem.
The WHO has recommended the following approaches for the primary prevention of chronic diseases where the risk factors are established: –
A) Population (mass) strategy
B) High -risk strategy
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Definition
“ An Action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications.”
Modes of intervention – Early Diagnosis and Specific treatment
The health programmes initiated by governments are usually at the level of secondary prevention.
Advantages:
Important in reducing the high mortality and morbidity of certain diseases like hypertension, cancer cervix and breast cancer.
Disadvantages:
More expensive and less effective than primary prevention.
Patient is already subjected to mental anguish, physical pain;
TERTIARY PREVENTION
It is defined as “all the measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, and to promote the patients adjustment to irremediable conditions”.
It is the intervention in the late pathogenesis phase.
Treatment, even in late stages of disease, may prevent sequelae and limit disability.
Modes of Intervention - Disability limitation and Rehabilitation.
MODES OF INTERVENTION
“Intervention” can be defined as any attempt to intervene or interrupt the usual sequence in the development of disease in man.
5 modes of intervention
1. Health promotion
2. Specific protection
3. Early Diagnosis and treatment
4. Disability limitation
5.Rehabilitation
CONCLUSION
To initiate preventive measures it is not necessary to know everything about natural history of the disease.
Main objective of preventive medicine - to intercept or oppose the “cause” and thereby the disease process
Preventive dentistry aims to prevent oral diseases through various levels of prevention. Primary prevention occurs before disease onset and includes health promotion like education and fluoride use to reduce risk. Secondary prevention detects and treats diseases early through exams, cleanings, and restorations. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation after treatment through procedures like extractions, prosthetics, and orthodontics. Preventive services can be provided individually through self-care, in communities through programs, or professionally during dental visits and include education, fluoride, sealants, cleanings, and restorative and orthodontic treatments.
Dental public health aims to prevent oral disease and promote oral health through community efforts. Preventive dentistry uses procedures to prevent oral diseases and abnormalities. The document discusses principles and objectives of prevention, levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary, definitions of dental caries, factors affecting caries like host factors, agents, and environment. It also discusses methods of preventing dental caries including chemical measures like fluoride, nutritional measures like limiting carbohydrates and increasing fibrous foods, and mechanical measures like toothbrushing and dental sealants.
This document discusses dental public health. It defines public health as preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized community efforts like sanitation, infection control, and education. Dental public health practitioners work to implement health policies and programs, conduct research, and promote oral health prevention and disease control. Their goals are to put policies in place, oversee research, and promote prevention. Common oral diseases include dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. Dental disease impacts public health because it is universally prevalent, does not remit without treatment, and requires technical, expensive, and time-consuming professional treatment. The tools of dental public health practitioners include epidemiology, biostatistics, social sciences, administration principles
This document provides an overview of oral health promotion. It defines oral health promotion as aiming to prevent oral diseases before they occur or reduce their impact through community-based programs. The document outlines several approaches to oral health promotion, including preventive, behavioral, educational, empowerment, social change, and the common risk factor approach. It discusses the role of health professionals in advocacy, empowerment, and mediation. The overall goal of oral health promotion is to improve population oral health and quality of life by addressing the social determinants of health.
This document discusses principles of disease prevention and control of communicable diseases. It outlines 4 levels of prevention - primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary - and describes strategies at each level. The natural history of disease and 5 modes of intervention are also explained. The document then focuses on controlling communicable diseases by targeting the reservoir, interrupting transmission routes, and strengthening susceptible hosts. A variety of prevention and control measures are proposed.
Levels of illness prevention include primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primordial prevention aims to reduce risk factors like unhealthy lifestyles through health education. Primary prevention occurs before disease onset by encouraging healthy behaviors. Secondary prevention focuses on early disease detection via screenings and prompt treatment. Tertiary prevention helps patients with illnesses or injuries achieve maximum functioning through rehabilitation and management of symptoms.
This document discusses dental public health and prevention. It defines dental public health as using organized community efforts to promote dental health and prevent dental diseases by serving communities rather than individuals. It describes the characteristics of public health as focusing on areas where group responsibility is recognized, relying on teamwork, considering the environment and host population, prioritizing prevention, and involving biostatistics, health education and adapting to communities. It also outlines three levels of prevention - primary prevention focusing on health promotion and specific protection, secondary prevention providing early diagnosis and prompt treatment, and tertiary prevention addressing disability, limitation and rehabilitation.
Field trials evaluate interventions outside of clinical settings, in participants' normal environments. They have less stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria than clinical trials. Randomization often occurs at the group level rather than individual level. Successful field trials require engaging the community at all stages of planning and execution. Interventions can be preventive, like vaccines or nutrition, or therapeutic, like treating infectious diseases. Both public health and clinical measures are considered interventions if they aim to improve human health.
School health care and dental public health communityMahdiKhdir
The document discusses school dental health programs. The goals of school dental services are to help children appreciate the importance of oral health and develop healthy dental habits. A successful program has three components: a healthy school environment, dental health education, and dental health services. Dental health education is most important and should be taught through various means including classroom lessons and demonstrations of brushing. Both comprehensive and incremental dental care models are described. Comprehensive care addresses all current needs while incremental care treats new issues periodically. Establishing an effective school dental program requires organizing stakeholders and providing education and resources to implement preventive services and care for students.
PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACHES FOR ORAL DISEASE PREVENTIONAneesa K Ayoob
This document discusses public health approaches for preventing oral diseases. It outlines criteria for prioritizing health problems from a public health perspective. Oral diseases are considered public health problems due to their widespread prevalence linked to social and economic factors. Strategies for prevention can target individuals, populations, or whole populations. Effective strategies consider underlying disease determinants and use approaches like health education, regulation, and environmental changes to create lasting public health improvements. Evaluation of prevention programs is important to ensure their continued benefits and accessibility.
This document provides an introduction to dental public health and community dentistry. It discusses key topics including the definition of dental public health, the role of dental practitioners in both private and community practice, epidemiology and its uses in dental health, and the different levels of preventive services including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. The goals of dental public health are outlined as educating the public, preventing and controlling dental diseases, applied dental research, and providing treatment programs.
Health care services in India are provided through both public and private sectors. The public sector provides curative, preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative services at central and state levels through governmental, voluntary, and nonprofit agencies. The private sector comprises the largest segment of the health care system through non-governmental agencies. Nurses play an important role in health promotion through modeling healthy behaviors, educating clients, assisting individuals and communities to enhance health, and advocating for environmental changes to promote wellness. Health promotion involves information dissemination, health assessments, lifestyle changes, and environmental control programs targeted toward people of all ages.
Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from emerging by promoting healthy social and environmental conditions. It focuses on education targeted at individuals, communities, and policy changes. Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease through measures like immunization, health promotion, and reducing environmental hazards. Secondary prevention uses early diagnosis and treatment to halt disease progression and prevent complications. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce impairments and disabilities through rehabilitation for those with advanced disease. Effective prevention strategies incorporate population-wide and high-risk individual approaches.
Occupational therapists are well situated to work collaboratively with communities to identify needs, develop implementation strategies, and deliver health services and programs.
Although the value of occupation for health and well-being is fundamental to the occupational therapy profession, this view is not well recognized in the field of public health.
This lecture slides seek to identify core activities of Public Health in Occupational Therapy
Health promotion and levels of preventionArifa T N
This document discusses health promotion and disease prevention. It defines health promotion as behaviors aimed at increasing well-being and actualizing human health potential. Health promotion is a process that enables people to gain control over health determinants to improve health. The document outlines several health promotion programs and topics for different populations. It also defines primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and their respective interventions for managing disease risk factors and progression.
This document provides an overview of concepts and approaches related to preventive health. It discusses definitions of preventive health as avoiding diseases and stopping their causes. The key approaches covered include primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from emerging, while primary prevention removes the possibility of disease onset by addressing risk factors. Secondary prevention detects diseases early and limits complications, and tertiary prevention aims to reduce impairments and disabilities from existing diseases. The document also discusses levels, modes, and examples of preventive interventions.
This document discusses concepts of disease prevention and control. It defines different levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention. It explains how each level corresponds to different stages of disease development and provides examples. It also discusses approaches to disease control, including surveillance, detection, treatment and control measures. The key aspects of disease control, elimination, eradication and extinction are defined.
Levels of prevention include primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from developing in a population through health education. Primary prevention occurs before disease onset through strategies like immunization and health promotion. Secondary prevention detects disease early through screening and treats it before complications arise. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and reducing impairments for patients with advanced disease.
This document discusses different levels of prevention (primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary) and provides examples for oral diseases including dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. Primordial prevention aims to create supportive environments through policy. Primary prevention protects individuals against disease. Secondary prevention limits progression after disease onset. Tertiary prevention limits disability once disease has caused limitations. Examples provided include reducing taxes on fluoridated toothpaste, oral health education, dental checkups, screening, and rehabilitation after treatment.
This document provides an overview of dental public health. It defines key terms like health, public health, and dental public health. Dental public health aims to prevent dental diseases, promote oral health, and is concerned with education, research, administration of care programs, and prevention/control of common oral diseases like caries and periodontal disease. It discusses tools used like epidemiology, biostatistics, and principles of prevention, administration, and levels of prevention. It also outlines the procedural steps in dental public health like surveys, analysis, program planning, operation, financing, and appraisal. Similarities and differences between private clinics and public health dentistry are noted.
1. Prevention is categorized into primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels based on the stage of disease.
2. Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from developing through social and environmental changes like education programs. Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease through health promotion and protection.
3. Secondary prevention detects and treats disease at early, reversible stages through screening and adequate treatment to prevent complications. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and disability limitation for irreversible conditions.
The document discusses preventive dentistry and dental public health. It defines dental public health as using organized community efforts to prevent and control dental diseases and promote dental health. The goals of preventive dentistry are to prevent factors that cause oral diseases, the diseases themselves, worsening of diseases, complications, and disability from diseases. Risk assessment is important to identify individuals at high risk for diseases like caries so preventive measures can be targeted effectively. Prevention occurs at three levels - primary (before disease starts), secondary (early diagnosis and treatment), and tertiary (limiting disability and rehabilitation).
Careers in-health-and-allied-medicine
Allied Health Professionals work in positions where they have direct contact with patients and are responsible for delivering a range of medical services.
Many of these professions require a high level of technical skill.
This document provides an overview of oral health promotion. It defines oral health promotion as aiming to prevent oral diseases before they occur or reduce their impact through community-based programs. The document outlines several approaches to oral health promotion, including preventive, behavioral, educational, empowerment, social change, and the common risk factor approach. It discusses the role of health professionals in advocacy, empowerment, and mediation. The overall goal of oral health promotion is to improve population oral health and quality of life by addressing the social determinants of health.
This document discusses principles of disease prevention and control of communicable diseases. It outlines 4 levels of prevention - primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary - and describes strategies at each level. The natural history of disease and 5 modes of intervention are also explained. The document then focuses on controlling communicable diseases by targeting the reservoir, interrupting transmission routes, and strengthening susceptible hosts. A variety of prevention and control measures are proposed.
Levels of illness prevention include primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primordial prevention aims to reduce risk factors like unhealthy lifestyles through health education. Primary prevention occurs before disease onset by encouraging healthy behaviors. Secondary prevention focuses on early disease detection via screenings and prompt treatment. Tertiary prevention helps patients with illnesses or injuries achieve maximum functioning through rehabilitation and management of symptoms.
This document discusses dental public health and prevention. It defines dental public health as using organized community efforts to promote dental health and prevent dental diseases by serving communities rather than individuals. It describes the characteristics of public health as focusing on areas where group responsibility is recognized, relying on teamwork, considering the environment and host population, prioritizing prevention, and involving biostatistics, health education and adapting to communities. It also outlines three levels of prevention - primary prevention focusing on health promotion and specific protection, secondary prevention providing early diagnosis and prompt treatment, and tertiary prevention addressing disability, limitation and rehabilitation.
Field trials evaluate interventions outside of clinical settings, in participants' normal environments. They have less stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria than clinical trials. Randomization often occurs at the group level rather than individual level. Successful field trials require engaging the community at all stages of planning and execution. Interventions can be preventive, like vaccines or nutrition, or therapeutic, like treating infectious diseases. Both public health and clinical measures are considered interventions if they aim to improve human health.
School health care and dental public health communityMahdiKhdir
The document discusses school dental health programs. The goals of school dental services are to help children appreciate the importance of oral health and develop healthy dental habits. A successful program has three components: a healthy school environment, dental health education, and dental health services. Dental health education is most important and should be taught through various means including classroom lessons and demonstrations of brushing. Both comprehensive and incremental dental care models are described. Comprehensive care addresses all current needs while incremental care treats new issues periodically. Establishing an effective school dental program requires organizing stakeholders and providing education and resources to implement preventive services and care for students.
PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACHES FOR ORAL DISEASE PREVENTIONAneesa K Ayoob
This document discusses public health approaches for preventing oral diseases. It outlines criteria for prioritizing health problems from a public health perspective. Oral diseases are considered public health problems due to their widespread prevalence linked to social and economic factors. Strategies for prevention can target individuals, populations, or whole populations. Effective strategies consider underlying disease determinants and use approaches like health education, regulation, and environmental changes to create lasting public health improvements. Evaluation of prevention programs is important to ensure their continued benefits and accessibility.
This document provides an introduction to dental public health and community dentistry. It discusses key topics including the definition of dental public health, the role of dental practitioners in both private and community practice, epidemiology and its uses in dental health, and the different levels of preventive services including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. The goals of dental public health are outlined as educating the public, preventing and controlling dental diseases, applied dental research, and providing treatment programs.
Health care services in India are provided through both public and private sectors. The public sector provides curative, preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative services at central and state levels through governmental, voluntary, and nonprofit agencies. The private sector comprises the largest segment of the health care system through non-governmental agencies. Nurses play an important role in health promotion through modeling healthy behaviors, educating clients, assisting individuals and communities to enhance health, and advocating for environmental changes to promote wellness. Health promotion involves information dissemination, health assessments, lifestyle changes, and environmental control programs targeted toward people of all ages.
Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from emerging by promoting healthy social and environmental conditions. It focuses on education targeted at individuals, communities, and policy changes. Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease through measures like immunization, health promotion, and reducing environmental hazards. Secondary prevention uses early diagnosis and treatment to halt disease progression and prevent complications. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce impairments and disabilities through rehabilitation for those with advanced disease. Effective prevention strategies incorporate population-wide and high-risk individual approaches.
Occupational therapists are well situated to work collaboratively with communities to identify needs, develop implementation strategies, and deliver health services and programs.
Although the value of occupation for health and well-being is fundamental to the occupational therapy profession, this view is not well recognized in the field of public health.
This lecture slides seek to identify core activities of Public Health in Occupational Therapy
Health promotion and levels of preventionArifa T N
This document discusses health promotion and disease prevention. It defines health promotion as behaviors aimed at increasing well-being and actualizing human health potential. Health promotion is a process that enables people to gain control over health determinants to improve health. The document outlines several health promotion programs and topics for different populations. It also defines primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and their respective interventions for managing disease risk factors and progression.
This document provides an overview of concepts and approaches related to preventive health. It discusses definitions of preventive health as avoiding diseases and stopping their causes. The key approaches covered include primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from emerging, while primary prevention removes the possibility of disease onset by addressing risk factors. Secondary prevention detects diseases early and limits complications, and tertiary prevention aims to reduce impairments and disabilities from existing diseases. The document also discusses levels, modes, and examples of preventive interventions.
This document discusses concepts of disease prevention and control. It defines different levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention. It explains how each level corresponds to different stages of disease development and provides examples. It also discusses approaches to disease control, including surveillance, detection, treatment and control measures. The key aspects of disease control, elimination, eradication and extinction are defined.
Levels of prevention include primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from developing in a population through health education. Primary prevention occurs before disease onset through strategies like immunization and health promotion. Secondary prevention detects disease early through screening and treats it before complications arise. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and reducing impairments for patients with advanced disease.
This document discusses different levels of prevention (primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary) and provides examples for oral diseases including dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. Primordial prevention aims to create supportive environments through policy. Primary prevention protects individuals against disease. Secondary prevention limits progression after disease onset. Tertiary prevention limits disability once disease has caused limitations. Examples provided include reducing taxes on fluoridated toothpaste, oral health education, dental checkups, screening, and rehabilitation after treatment.
This document provides an overview of dental public health. It defines key terms like health, public health, and dental public health. Dental public health aims to prevent dental diseases, promote oral health, and is concerned with education, research, administration of care programs, and prevention/control of common oral diseases like caries and periodontal disease. It discusses tools used like epidemiology, biostatistics, and principles of prevention, administration, and levels of prevention. It also outlines the procedural steps in dental public health like surveys, analysis, program planning, operation, financing, and appraisal. Similarities and differences between private clinics and public health dentistry are noted.
1. Prevention is categorized into primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels based on the stage of disease.
2. Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from developing through social and environmental changes like education programs. Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease through health promotion and protection.
3. Secondary prevention detects and treats disease at early, reversible stages through screening and adequate treatment to prevent complications. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and disability limitation for irreversible conditions.
The document discusses preventive dentistry and dental public health. It defines dental public health as using organized community efforts to prevent and control dental diseases and promote dental health. The goals of preventive dentistry are to prevent factors that cause oral diseases, the diseases themselves, worsening of diseases, complications, and disability from diseases. Risk assessment is important to identify individuals at high risk for diseases like caries so preventive measures can be targeted effectively. Prevention occurs at three levels - primary (before disease starts), secondary (early diagnosis and treatment), and tertiary (limiting disability and rehabilitation).
Careers in-health-and-allied-medicine
Allied Health Professionals work in positions where they have direct contact with patients and are responsible for delivering a range of medical services.
Many of these professions require a high level of technical skill.
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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2. Prevention:
• Is defined as the efforts, which are made to
maintain normal development, physiological
function and to prevent diseases of the mouth
and adjacent parts. (Blackerby)
OR
• Interception of the disease process.
(Learell and Clark)
3. Preventive Medicine
• Refers to measures taken to prevent diseases,
rather than curing or treating their symptoms
• Simple examples are hand washing,
breastfeeding, and immunizations
• Preventive care may include examinations and
screening tests
• For example, a person with a family history of
certain cancers or other diseases would begin
screening at an earlier age and/or more
frequently than those with no family history
4. Primary Prevention
• "Primary prevention" refers to the prevention of
diseases before their biological onset
• Primary prevention strategies emphasize general
health promotion, risk factor reduction, and other
health protective measures
• These strategies include health education and
health promotion programs designed to foster
healthier lifestyles and environmental health
programs designed to improve environmental
quality
5. Primordial Prevention
• Mainly children
• To discourage children in from adopting harmful
lifestyles eg smoking , eating patterns , adverse
oral habits
6. Specific examples of Primary
Prevention measures
• Immunization against communicable diseases
e.g., measles immunization prevents clinical
illness before it can get started
• Public health education about good nutrition
• Stress management, and individual responsibility
for health
• Chlorination and filtration of public water supplies
• Pasteurizing milk essentially eliminates bacterial
pathogens that could cause illnesses
• Behavioral interventions such as smoking
cessation, preventive dental care, and maintaining
physical exercise
• Routine searching for genetic abnormalities
7. • WHO has recommended the population (mass)
strategy or High risk strategy approach for
primary prevention of chronic diseases where
the risk factors are established.
1.Population Strategy:
population strategy is directed at the whole
population irrespective of individual risk levels
and is aimed at towards socioeconomic,
behavioral and life style changes. E.g water
fluoridation.
2.High risk strategy:
aims to bring preventive care to individuals at
special risk. This requires detection of
individuals at high risk by optimum use of clinical
methods.
8. • Eg
• Fluoride varnish programs in children
• Fluoridated tooth brushing techniques in school
9. Secondary Prevention
• Refers to the prevention of clinical illness
through the early and asymptomatic detection
• Secondary prevention focuses on early
detection and swift treatment of disease
• Its purpose is to cure disease, slow its
progression, or reduce its impact on individuals
or communities
• A common approach to secondary prevention is
screening for disease
10. Tertiary Prevention
• Refers to the prevention of disease progression
and additional disease complications after overt
clinical diseases are manifest
• Tertiary Prevention strategies involve both
therapeutic and rehabilitative measures once
disease is firmly established
12. Modes of Prevention
• 5 modes of prevention have been described.
1. Health promotion
2. Specific protection
3. Early diagnosis & treatment
4. Disability limitation
5. Rehabilitation
13. 1.Health Promotion
• Health promotion is “a process of enabling
people to increase control over and improve
health”.
• Measures employed in the promotion of health
are not necessarily directed against any specific
disease, but are intended to promote optimum
level of health. These relate to: Provision of
adequate nutrition to individuals, allowing for
additional requirements of specific nutrients
during pregnancy, growth and adolescence,
health education, life style & behavioral
changes, environmental modifications.
14. a. Health Education
• A large number of diseases could be prevented
with little or no medical intervention if people
were adequately informed about them and if
they were encouraged to take necessary
precautions in time. Targets for educational
efforts may include general public, patients,
priority groups, health providers, community
leaders and decision makers.
15. b. Environmental modifications:
Provision of safe water, installation of sanitary
latrines, control of insects and rodents,
improvement of housing etc, promote health.
c. Nutritional interventions
Refers to food distribution and nutrition
improvement of vulnerable groups, child feeding
programmes, nutritional education etc.
16. d. Life style & behavioral changes:
Action of prevention in this case is one of
individual & community responsibility for health
and physician and health worker act as an
educator than a therapist.
17. 2. Specific Protection:
• Measures applicable to a disease or a group of
diseases to intercept the cause of disease, before
they involve man are included in this category.
• In communicable diseases they cover immunization
procedures. In nutritional deficiencies, the measures
comprise of adequate dietary standards before the
occurrence of nutritional deficiency diseases such
as xerophthalmia, night blindness, beri beri, scurvy,
osteomalacia etc.
• In cancer cases, the preventive measures relate to
avoidance of carcinogenic agents.
18. 3. Early diagnosis & Treatment:
• A WHO Expert committee defined detection of
health impairment as “ the detection of
disturbances of homeostasis and compensatory
mechanism while biochemical, morphological
and functional changes are still reversible”
• These are main interventions of disease control.
Earlier a disease is diagnosed and treated the
better it is from the point of view of prognosis
and preventing the occurrence of further cases
or any long term disability.
19. 4. Disability Limitation:
• Objective of this intervention is to prevent or halt
the transition of the disease process from
impairment to handicap. Intervention in disability
will often be social or environmental as well as
medical.
• Disability prevention relates to efforts in all levels
of prevention aimed at reducing the occurrence
of impairment or disability limitation by
appropriate treatment or preventing the
transition of disability into handicap.
20. 5. Rehabilitation:
• It is the combined and coordinated use of
medical, social, educational, vocational
measures for training and retaining the
individual to the highest possible level of
functional ability.
21. Preventive Dentistry:
• Preventive dentistry emphasizes the importance
of ongoing hygiene procedures and daily
practices to prevent tooth decay and other dental
diseases and conditions.
• Effective preventive dentistry combines at-home
oral care by patients with chair side treatments
and counselling by dental professionals.
22. Preventive Dentistry Strategies
Preventive oral care strategies for children and adults
include a number of in-office and home care
activities, including:
• At-home oral hygiene
• Fluoride use
• Diet
• Regular dental visit
• Dental cleaning & Screening
• Orthodontics
• Fissure sealants
• Health education etc
23. • At-home oral hygiene maintenance: The
most important preventive technique is brushing
and flossing at least twice a day (or after every
meal) to remove dental plaque.
• Fluoride use: Fluoride strengthens teeth and
prevents tooth decay. Fluoride treatments are
provided in dental offices, and dentists
recommend using fluoride toothpastes and
mouth rinses at home. Public water fluoridation
– ranked as one of the 20th century's 10 great
public health achievements – provides a major
source of fluoride.
24. • Diet: A balanced diet is a dental health essential.
Foods with sugars and carbohydrates feed the
bacteria that produce dental plaque, while calcium-
poor diets increase chances of developing gum
(periodontal) disease and jaw deterioration.
• Regular dental visits: Since most dental
conditions are painless at first, if you don't regularly
visit your dentist, you may not be aware of dental
problems until they cause significant damage. For
best results, schedule regular dental check-ups every
six months; more often if you're at higher risk for
oral diseases. Especially for children, checking oral
growth and development (including an assessment
for caries development) should be part of dental
evaluations.
25. • Dental cleanings and screenings: A dental
cleaning (prophylaxis) is recommended every six
months to remove dental plaque and stains
you're unable to remove yourself, as well as to
check for signs of tooth decay.
• X-rays: X-rays enable dentists to look for signs
of dental problems that are not visible to the
naked eye, such as cavities between teeth and
problems below the gum line.
26. • Mouth guards: particularly a custom-made
mouth guard prescribed by dentist to provide a
better fit – can be worn during sports activities
to protect against broken teeth. Mouth guards
also are used to treat teeth grinding (bruxism),
which can wear down teeth and contribute to
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder.
• Orthodontics: malocclusion can impair eating
and speaking, and crooked teeth are hard to
keep clean. Correcting an improper bite with
orthodontics that may include the use of dental
braces or clear teeth aligners (invisible braces),
limits the possibility of future dental problems.
