dental indices and indices of dental caries assessment
decayed missing filled index, root caries index, caries severity classification scale, uses and properties of an ideal index
This document provides an overview and summary of various dental indices used to measure oral health conditions. It defines key indices like DMFT/DMFS for dental caries, deft for primary dentition, RCI for root caries, and OHI for oral hygiene. Properties of an ideal index and purposes/uses of indices are outlined. The document also discusses indices like Sic, SCI, and Nyvad's criteria which provide additional information beyond traditional indices. Limitations of various indices are noted.
1. The document discusses various indices used for measuring dental caries, including the DMFT index and DMFS index. The DMFT index measures decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth on an individual level. The DMFS index is more detailed as it measures the number of tooth surfaces affected by caries.
2. Other topics covered include the criteria for diagnosing pit and fissure caries, modifications to the DMFT index by WHO, and limitations of the DMFT index. Indices for primary teeth are also mentioned, such as the deft index which is equivalent to the DMFT index for deciduous teeth.
3. In conclusion, the document provides an overview of commonly used
CRITICAL EVALUATION OF DENTAL CARIES INDICES.pptxDrLasya
INDEX definition:
An Index can be defined as a numerical value describing the relative status of a population on a graduated scale with definite upper and lower limits, which is designed to permit and facilitate comparison with other populations classified by the same criteria and methods.
- Russell A. L
Ideal requisites of an index:
Clarity, simplicity, objectivity
Validity
Reliability
Quantifiability
Sensitivity
Acceptability
CLASSIFICATION OF INDICES
1) Direction in which the scores can fluctuate
a) Reversible – Measures conditions that can increase/ decrease on subsequent examinations
Eg: Loe and Silness Gingival Index
b) Irreversible – Measures conditions whose scores will not decrease on subsequent examinations
Eg: DMFT Index
2) The extent to which areas of oral cavity are measured
a) Full Mouth Index - Measures the patients’ entire periodontium or dentition.
Eg: Russell’s Periodontal Index
b) Simplified Index - Measures only a representative sample of the dental apparatus.
Eg: Greene & Vermillion’s Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S)
3) The entity they measure
a) Disease Index - ‘D’ portion of the DMFT
b) Symptom Index – Indices measuring gingival/ sulcular bleeding
c) Treatment Index - ‘F’ portion of the DMFT
4) The special categories
a) Simple Index - Measures the presence or absence of a condition.
Eg: Silness and Loe Plaque Index
b) Cumulative Index - Measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present.
Eg: DMFT Index for dental caries
INDICES FOR ASSESSING DENTAL CARIES
1. Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index
2. Decayed, Missing, Filled Surfaces (DMFS) Index
3. Modified DMFT Index
4. Caries indices for primary dentition:
a. def index
b. dmf index
c. df index
d. Simplified index for dental caries experience
e. Dental Caries Severity Index for primary tooth (CSI)
5. Root caries index
6. Caries Severity Index
7. Dental Caries Severity Classification Scale (D1-D3)
8. Czechoslovakian caries Index
9. Stone’s Index
10. Caries susceptibility Index
11. D-M-F- surface percentage Index
12. Restorative Index
13. Moller’s Index
14. WHO Index for caries
15. Functional measure index
16. T- Health index (Tissue Health Index)
17. Dental health index
Recent Developments on Caries Indices:
1. Nyvad’s criteria
2. Significant Caries (SiC) Index
3. Specific Caries Index
4. ICDAS II
5. PUFA
6. Caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST) index
7. FDI World Dental Federation Caries Matrix
Different criteria for diagnosing pit and fissure caries:
1. Anglo-Saxon system (Liberal)
2. European system (Conservative)
SIGNIFICANT CARIES INDEX (SiC Index):
• Introduced in 2000 by Bratthall D, to identify group of individuals with the highest caries scores among population
Procedure:
Individuals are scored according to their DMFT values.
SiC Index is the mean DMFT of one third of the population with the highest caries scores is selected
The index is used as a complement to the mean DMFT
This document discusses dental indices used to assess oral health conditions. It describes several limitations of index systems and classifications of indices. Indices can be classified based on whether the disease is reversible or irreversible, the causative factors, or the assessment method. Common indices for dental caries include the Prevalence Index, DMF Index, def Index, and DMF-S Index. The DMF Index is the most commonly used index to measure dental caries experience by counting the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth. The def Index is similar but used for the primary dentition. Indices provide data for epidemiological studies, research, and oral health planning.
- Dental indices are used to assess oral health conditions like dental caries and periodontal disease. They have limitations as they only provide objective data and not a comprehensive picture.
- Indices are classified based on factors like whether the condition is reversible or irreversible, the causative factors, and the complexity of the assessment method.
- Common indices used for dental caries include the DMF Index, def Index, and Community Caries Index of Treatment Needs (CCITN). The DMF Index records decayed, missing, and filled teeth. The CCITN evaluates treatment needs based on the stage of the caries lesion.
- Dental caries results from an interaction between host factors, carious
The document defines various indices used to measure dental caries, including the DMFT index, DMFS index, and indices for primary dentition such as deft. It discusses the components and scoring of each index, as well as their advantages and limitations. The DMFT index measures lifetime caries experience by counting the number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth. The DMFS index is more detailed as it sums the total number of affected tooth surfaces. Indices for primary teeth, like deft, are analogous but apply to deciduous dentition. Radiographs may be needed for full accuracy of some indices.
The document defines various indices used to measure dental caries, including the DMFT index, DMFS index, and indices for primary dentition such as deft. It discusses the components and scoring of each index, as well as their advantages and limitations. The DMFT index measures lifetime caries experience by counting the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, while the DMFS index provides more detail by scoring affected tooth surfaces. Indices for primary teeth follow similar principles but account for differences in exfoliation of deciduous teeth. Standardization is important but modifications allow indices to be tailored for different study purposes.
dental indices and indices of dental caries assessment
decayed missing filled index, root caries index, caries severity classification scale, uses and properties of an ideal index
This document provides an overview and summary of various dental indices used to measure oral health conditions. It defines key indices like DMFT/DMFS for dental caries, deft for primary dentition, RCI for root caries, and OHI for oral hygiene. Properties of an ideal index and purposes/uses of indices are outlined. The document also discusses indices like Sic, SCI, and Nyvad's criteria which provide additional information beyond traditional indices. Limitations of various indices are noted.
1. The document discusses various indices used for measuring dental caries, including the DMFT index and DMFS index. The DMFT index measures decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth on an individual level. The DMFS index is more detailed as it measures the number of tooth surfaces affected by caries.
2. Other topics covered include the criteria for diagnosing pit and fissure caries, modifications to the DMFT index by WHO, and limitations of the DMFT index. Indices for primary teeth are also mentioned, such as the deft index which is equivalent to the DMFT index for deciduous teeth.
3. In conclusion, the document provides an overview of commonly used
CRITICAL EVALUATION OF DENTAL CARIES INDICES.pptxDrLasya
INDEX definition:
An Index can be defined as a numerical value describing the relative status of a population on a graduated scale with definite upper and lower limits, which is designed to permit and facilitate comparison with other populations classified by the same criteria and methods.
- Russell A. L
Ideal requisites of an index:
Clarity, simplicity, objectivity
Validity
Reliability
Quantifiability
Sensitivity
Acceptability
CLASSIFICATION OF INDICES
1) Direction in which the scores can fluctuate
a) Reversible – Measures conditions that can increase/ decrease on subsequent examinations
Eg: Loe and Silness Gingival Index
b) Irreversible – Measures conditions whose scores will not decrease on subsequent examinations
Eg: DMFT Index
2) The extent to which areas of oral cavity are measured
a) Full Mouth Index - Measures the patients’ entire periodontium or dentition.
Eg: Russell’s Periodontal Index
b) Simplified Index - Measures only a representative sample of the dental apparatus.
Eg: Greene & Vermillion’s Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S)
3) The entity they measure
a) Disease Index - ‘D’ portion of the DMFT
b) Symptom Index – Indices measuring gingival/ sulcular bleeding
c) Treatment Index - ‘F’ portion of the DMFT
4) The special categories
a) Simple Index - Measures the presence or absence of a condition.
Eg: Silness and Loe Plaque Index
b) Cumulative Index - Measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present.
Eg: DMFT Index for dental caries
INDICES FOR ASSESSING DENTAL CARIES
1. Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index
2. Decayed, Missing, Filled Surfaces (DMFS) Index
3. Modified DMFT Index
4. Caries indices for primary dentition:
a. def index
b. dmf index
c. df index
d. Simplified index for dental caries experience
e. Dental Caries Severity Index for primary tooth (CSI)
5. Root caries index
6. Caries Severity Index
7. Dental Caries Severity Classification Scale (D1-D3)
8. Czechoslovakian caries Index
9. Stone’s Index
10. Caries susceptibility Index
11. D-M-F- surface percentage Index
12. Restorative Index
13. Moller’s Index
14. WHO Index for caries
15. Functional measure index
16. T- Health index (Tissue Health Index)
17. Dental health index
Recent Developments on Caries Indices:
1. Nyvad’s criteria
2. Significant Caries (SiC) Index
3. Specific Caries Index
4. ICDAS II
5. PUFA
6. Caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST) index
7. FDI World Dental Federation Caries Matrix
Different criteria for diagnosing pit and fissure caries:
1. Anglo-Saxon system (Liberal)
2. European system (Conservative)
SIGNIFICANT CARIES INDEX (SiC Index):
• Introduced in 2000 by Bratthall D, to identify group of individuals with the highest caries scores among population
Procedure:
Individuals are scored according to their DMFT values.
SiC Index is the mean DMFT of one third of the population with the highest caries scores is selected
The index is used as a complement to the mean DMFT
This document discusses dental indices used to assess oral health conditions. It describes several limitations of index systems and classifications of indices. Indices can be classified based on whether the disease is reversible or irreversible, the causative factors, or the assessment method. Common indices for dental caries include the Prevalence Index, DMF Index, def Index, and DMF-S Index. The DMF Index is the most commonly used index to measure dental caries experience by counting the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth. The def Index is similar but used for the primary dentition. Indices provide data for epidemiological studies, research, and oral health planning.
- Dental indices are used to assess oral health conditions like dental caries and periodontal disease. They have limitations as they only provide objective data and not a comprehensive picture.
- Indices are classified based on factors like whether the condition is reversible or irreversible, the causative factors, and the complexity of the assessment method.
- Common indices used for dental caries include the DMF Index, def Index, and Community Caries Index of Treatment Needs (CCITN). The DMF Index records decayed, missing, and filled teeth. The CCITN evaluates treatment needs based on the stage of the caries lesion.
- Dental caries results from an interaction between host factors, carious
The document defines various indices used to measure dental caries, including the DMFT index, DMFS index, and indices for primary dentition such as deft. It discusses the components and scoring of each index, as well as their advantages and limitations. The DMFT index measures lifetime caries experience by counting the number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth. The DMFS index is more detailed as it sums the total number of affected tooth surfaces. Indices for primary teeth, like deft, are analogous but apply to deciduous dentition. Radiographs may be needed for full accuracy of some indices.
The document defines various indices used to measure dental caries, including the DMFT index, DMFS index, and indices for primary dentition such as deft. It discusses the components and scoring of each index, as well as their advantages and limitations. The DMFT index measures lifetime caries experience by counting the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, while the DMFS index provides more detail by scoring affected tooth surfaces. Indices for primary teeth follow similar principles but account for differences in exfoliation of deciduous teeth. Standardization is important but modifications allow indices to be tailored for different study purposes.
This document provides an overview of various indices used to measure dental caries. It discusses the DMF Index and DMFS Index, which are the most commonly used indices. The DMF Index measures lifetime caries experience by counting the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, while the DMFS Index provides a more detailed measure by counting tooth surfaces. The document also describes several other indices, such as the Significant Caries Index, Caries Severity Index, and indices used specifically for primary or permanent dentition. It provides details on the criteria and methodology for calculating each index.
The document discusses dental indices used to measure oral health, including the Decayed Missing Filled Tooth index (DMFT) and the Decayed Missing Filled Surface index (DMFS). The DMFT sums the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth and is used to assess caries prevalence. The DMFS counts tooth surfaces instead of whole teeth and is more sensitive but takes longer. Both provide a measure of total dental caries experience. The document outlines the procedures, advantages, and limitations of these indices for evaluating and comparing oral health in populations.
This document provides an overview of various indices that have been developed to measure dental caries. It begins by defining what a dental caries index is and the ideal requisites of an index. It then describes several prominent indices in chronological order, including the DMFT index, DMFS index, and ICDAS system. For each index, the document outlines how the index is calculated and coded, as well as its advantages and limitations. The document provides a useful summary of the historical development of dental caries indices and their components and scoring criteria.
The document discusses various indices used in periodontology to measure oral health conditions. It begins with introducing the purpose and objectives of using indices, which is to quantify clinical observations to better understand disease processes and allow for comparison across populations. It then defines key indices for measuring plaque, gingivitis, periodontal disease and other conditions. These include the Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Periodontal Disease Index and others. The document provides details on the methodology, scoring and uses of several important indices in periodontology research and clinical practice.
This document discusses the measurement of dental diseases using indices. It defines an index as a means of converting a clinical diagnosis into comparable statistics. Ideal indices should be simple, objective, valid, reliable, reproducible and quantifiable. Common dental indices described include DMFT for caries, OHI for oral hygiene, and CPITN for periodontal disease. The DMFT index records decayed, missing and filled teeth while CPITN assesses treatment needs. Limitations of indices are that they measure disease rather than health and fail to measure impact on quality of life.
This document discusses various dental indices used for recording oral diseases in children. It begins by defining what a dental index is and providing examples of common indices. It then categorizes indices based on how their scores can change, the areas of the mouth they measure, and the conditions they assess. Key indices discussed include the Oral Hygiene Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, and CPITN. The document outlines the methodology, scoring, and uses of these important indices for assessing conditions like dental caries, periodontal disease, fluorosis, and malocclusion.
The document discusses the ideal requisites of dental indices like DMFT. It states that indices are used to determine the incidence, prevalence and severity of dental diseases. Some key requisites discussed are simplicity, objectivity, validity, reliability and acceptability. It then describes the DMFT index which measures decayed, missing and filled teeth. It was developed in 1938 and is widely used. The document outlines the criteria for classifying a tooth as decayed, missing or filled according to the DMFT index.
The document provides information on various oral health indices, including the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs), DMFT (Decayed Missing Filled Teeth), and DMFS (Decayed Missing Filled Surface) indices.
The CPITN index involves examining six index teeth in each sextant of the mouth to determine a code from 0-4 representing the periodontal treatment need. A score is given to each sextant and used to assess the periodontal treatment needs of communities.
The DMFT index quantifies the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in a person or population. The DMFS index is similar but quantifies these values at the tooth surface
This document discusses periodontal indices and their reliability and usefulness in measuring periodontal disease. It defines key terms like plaque, calculus, and debris. It describes the ideal requisites of an index, including clarity, simplicity, objectivity, validity, reliability, and sensitivity. Several commonly used oral hygiene and plaque indices are explained, including the Oral Hygiene Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Patient Hygiene Performance Index, and Plaque Index. The document provides details on scoring criteria and how to calculate scores for each index.
indices 2 / dental crown & bridge courses /certified fixed orthodontic cour...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Dental indices can be considered as the main tool of epidemiological studies in dental diseases, to find out the incidence, prevalence and severity of the diseases, based on which preventive programmes are adopted for their control and prevention.
This document discusses various periodontal indices used to measure oral hygiene and periodontal disease. It begins by defining what an index is and its uses. It then describes several commonly used indices including:
1) The Oral Hygiene Index which measures debris and calculus to assess oral hygiene.
2) The Gingival Index which evaluates gingival inflammation visible to the naked eye.
3) The Plaque Index which scores the amount of plaque present on tooth surfaces.
It provides the scoring criteria and calculations for each index. The document emphasizes that indices should be objective, reproducible and allow comparison across populations or studies.
This document provides information on the Russel's Periodontal Index and the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs). It discusses the development and purpose of each index, as well as how they are used to assess periodontal disease status and treatment needs in populations. The Russel's Index uses simple probing to evaluate gingivitis and periodontal disease severity on a scale of 0-8. The CPITN focuses on determining treatment needs by examining bleeding, calculus, and pocket depth in six sextants using index teeth. Both indices are designed for epidemiological surveys to monitor oral health and plan treatment programs.
This document provides an overview of the Russel's Periodontal Index and the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs). It discusses the scope, procedure, scoring criteria, and calculation methods for both indices. The Russel's Periodontal Index was developed in 1956 to estimate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease on a scale of 0-8. The CPITN was developed in 1982 by the WHO and FDI to survey and evaluate periodontal treatment needs, examining six index teeth in each sextant and assigning codes from 0-4 based on probing depth and other factors. The document reviews the advantages, limitations, and modifications of these two common indices used in epidemiological studies of periodontal health.
Group dental practices allow multiple dentists and specialists to work together in one office, sharing equipment, staff, and other resources. This arrangement provides several advantages for both patients and dentists. Patients benefit from access to a variety of dental services and expertise in one location. Dentists also gain experience from collaborating with colleagues and can share costs of common facilities. Effective teamwork is important for the success of group practices and dental health programs that bring different professionals together to provide comprehensive oral healthcare.
The document outlines the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). It discusses limitations of previous caries assessment systems like DMF index and introduces ICDAS as a standardized system developed to address those limitations. ICDAS allows detection of non-cavitated lesions, measures caries severity on a scale, and facilitates comparison of caries data collected in different locations over time. The document provides background on measuring dental caries and reviews previous assessment criteria before discussing ICDAS in more detail.
International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS)Ghada Elmasuri
The document outlines the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). It begins with an introduction to caries assessment systems and outlines some of their shortcomings. It then discusses ICDAS in more detail, noting that it was developed based on a review of existing systems to provide a standardized international system. The document provides insights into ICDAS, discussing its future and conclusions. It also includes slides on measuring dental caries and reviewing other caries assessment systems such as DMF, Nyvad, and CAST.
Introduction to operative dentistry and Patient assessment.pptxridwana30
Introduction and the scope of operative dentistry with advancement of operative field. The examination procedure for assessing a patient for operative treatment and reaching a comprehensive treatment plan.
This document provides an overview of recent advances in dental indices used to measure various oral diseases and conditions. It discusses indices for measuring dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth erosion, dental fluorosis, malocclusion, and oral health-related quality of life. For dental caries, it describes the DMF Index and its shortcomings, as well as newer indices like Nyvad criteria, Significant Caries Index, Specific Caries Index, and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. It also discusses indices for measuring advanced carious lesions and periodontal diseases. The document aims to inform readers about different methods for quantifying oral diseases in epidemiological studies.
This document provides an overview of various indices used to measure dental caries. It discusses the DMF Index and DMFS Index, which are the most commonly used indices. The DMF Index measures lifetime caries experience by counting the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, while the DMFS Index provides a more detailed measure by counting tooth surfaces. The document also describes several other indices, such as the Significant Caries Index, Caries Severity Index, and indices used specifically for primary or permanent dentition. It provides details on the criteria and methodology for calculating each index.
The document discusses dental indices used to measure oral health, including the Decayed Missing Filled Tooth index (DMFT) and the Decayed Missing Filled Surface index (DMFS). The DMFT sums the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth and is used to assess caries prevalence. The DMFS counts tooth surfaces instead of whole teeth and is more sensitive but takes longer. Both provide a measure of total dental caries experience. The document outlines the procedures, advantages, and limitations of these indices for evaluating and comparing oral health in populations.
This document provides an overview of various indices that have been developed to measure dental caries. It begins by defining what a dental caries index is and the ideal requisites of an index. It then describes several prominent indices in chronological order, including the DMFT index, DMFS index, and ICDAS system. For each index, the document outlines how the index is calculated and coded, as well as its advantages and limitations. The document provides a useful summary of the historical development of dental caries indices and their components and scoring criteria.
The document discusses various indices used in periodontology to measure oral health conditions. It begins with introducing the purpose and objectives of using indices, which is to quantify clinical observations to better understand disease processes and allow for comparison across populations. It then defines key indices for measuring plaque, gingivitis, periodontal disease and other conditions. These include the Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Periodontal Disease Index and others. The document provides details on the methodology, scoring and uses of several important indices in periodontology research and clinical practice.
This document discusses the measurement of dental diseases using indices. It defines an index as a means of converting a clinical diagnosis into comparable statistics. Ideal indices should be simple, objective, valid, reliable, reproducible and quantifiable. Common dental indices described include DMFT for caries, OHI for oral hygiene, and CPITN for periodontal disease. The DMFT index records decayed, missing and filled teeth while CPITN assesses treatment needs. Limitations of indices are that they measure disease rather than health and fail to measure impact on quality of life.
This document discusses various dental indices used for recording oral diseases in children. It begins by defining what a dental index is and providing examples of common indices. It then categorizes indices based on how their scores can change, the areas of the mouth they measure, and the conditions they assess. Key indices discussed include the Oral Hygiene Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, and CPITN. The document outlines the methodology, scoring, and uses of these important indices for assessing conditions like dental caries, periodontal disease, fluorosis, and malocclusion.
The document discusses the ideal requisites of dental indices like DMFT. It states that indices are used to determine the incidence, prevalence and severity of dental diseases. Some key requisites discussed are simplicity, objectivity, validity, reliability and acceptability. It then describes the DMFT index which measures decayed, missing and filled teeth. It was developed in 1938 and is widely used. The document outlines the criteria for classifying a tooth as decayed, missing or filled according to the DMFT index.
The document provides information on various oral health indices, including the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs), DMFT (Decayed Missing Filled Teeth), and DMFS (Decayed Missing Filled Surface) indices.
The CPITN index involves examining six index teeth in each sextant of the mouth to determine a code from 0-4 representing the periodontal treatment need. A score is given to each sextant and used to assess the periodontal treatment needs of communities.
The DMFT index quantifies the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in a person or population. The DMFS index is similar but quantifies these values at the tooth surface
This document discusses periodontal indices and their reliability and usefulness in measuring periodontal disease. It defines key terms like plaque, calculus, and debris. It describes the ideal requisites of an index, including clarity, simplicity, objectivity, validity, reliability, and sensitivity. Several commonly used oral hygiene and plaque indices are explained, including the Oral Hygiene Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Patient Hygiene Performance Index, and Plaque Index. The document provides details on scoring criteria and how to calculate scores for each index.
indices 2 / dental crown & bridge courses /certified fixed orthodontic cour...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Dental indices can be considered as the main tool of epidemiological studies in dental diseases, to find out the incidence, prevalence and severity of the diseases, based on which preventive programmes are adopted for their control and prevention.
This document discusses various periodontal indices used to measure oral hygiene and periodontal disease. It begins by defining what an index is and its uses. It then describes several commonly used indices including:
1) The Oral Hygiene Index which measures debris and calculus to assess oral hygiene.
2) The Gingival Index which evaluates gingival inflammation visible to the naked eye.
3) The Plaque Index which scores the amount of plaque present on tooth surfaces.
It provides the scoring criteria and calculations for each index. The document emphasizes that indices should be objective, reproducible and allow comparison across populations or studies.
This document provides information on the Russel's Periodontal Index and the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs). It discusses the development and purpose of each index, as well as how they are used to assess periodontal disease status and treatment needs in populations. The Russel's Index uses simple probing to evaluate gingivitis and periodontal disease severity on a scale of 0-8. The CPITN focuses on determining treatment needs by examining bleeding, calculus, and pocket depth in six sextants using index teeth. Both indices are designed for epidemiological surveys to monitor oral health and plan treatment programs.
This document provides an overview of the Russel's Periodontal Index and the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs). It discusses the scope, procedure, scoring criteria, and calculation methods for both indices. The Russel's Periodontal Index was developed in 1956 to estimate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease on a scale of 0-8. The CPITN was developed in 1982 by the WHO and FDI to survey and evaluate periodontal treatment needs, examining six index teeth in each sextant and assigning codes from 0-4 based on probing depth and other factors. The document reviews the advantages, limitations, and modifications of these two common indices used in epidemiological studies of periodontal health.
Group dental practices allow multiple dentists and specialists to work together in one office, sharing equipment, staff, and other resources. This arrangement provides several advantages for both patients and dentists. Patients benefit from access to a variety of dental services and expertise in one location. Dentists also gain experience from collaborating with colleagues and can share costs of common facilities. Effective teamwork is important for the success of group practices and dental health programs that bring different professionals together to provide comprehensive oral healthcare.
The document outlines the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). It discusses limitations of previous caries assessment systems like DMF index and introduces ICDAS as a standardized system developed to address those limitations. ICDAS allows detection of non-cavitated lesions, measures caries severity on a scale, and facilitates comparison of caries data collected in different locations over time. The document provides background on measuring dental caries and reviews previous assessment criteria before discussing ICDAS in more detail.
International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS)Ghada Elmasuri
The document outlines the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). It begins with an introduction to caries assessment systems and outlines some of their shortcomings. It then discusses ICDAS in more detail, noting that it was developed based on a review of existing systems to provide a standardized international system. The document provides insights into ICDAS, discussing its future and conclusions. It also includes slides on measuring dental caries and reviewing other caries assessment systems such as DMF, Nyvad, and CAST.
Introduction to operative dentistry and Patient assessment.pptxridwana30
Introduction and the scope of operative dentistry with advancement of operative field. The examination procedure for assessing a patient for operative treatment and reaching a comprehensive treatment plan.
This document provides an overview of recent advances in dental indices used to measure various oral diseases and conditions. It discusses indices for measuring dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth erosion, dental fluorosis, malocclusion, and oral health-related quality of life. For dental caries, it describes the DMF Index and its shortcomings, as well as newer indices like Nyvad criteria, Significant Caries Index, Specific Caries Index, and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. It also discusses indices for measuring advanced carious lesions and periodontal diseases. The document aims to inform readers about different methods for quantifying oral diseases in epidemiological studies.
Similar to Oral disease indices in dentistry. pptx (20)
Dental materials - properties of dental materialSafuraIjaz2
This document discusses rheology, the study of flow of matter, which is important in dentistry as many dental materials are liquids or flow over time. It defines viscosity as the resistance of a fluid to flow and how it is measured. Dental materials are classified as Newtonian, pseudoplastic, or dilatant based on how their viscosity changes with increasing shear rate. Some materials like plaster of Paris and resin cements are thixotropic, where viscosity decreases under constant shear and increases when at rest. Structural relaxation is a rheological phenomenon where solids slowly deform through stress relaxation as atoms rearrange or through creep/flow under constant load near melting points.
The document discusses dental anatomy and development. It defines key terms like occlusion, mastication, dentition, and describes the primary and permanent dentition. It outlines the dental formula and eruption sequences. It also describes tooth structures like the enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum and periodontal ligament. It defines anatomical landmarks like cusps, ridges, depressions, and root structures. Tooth development and anomalies in number, size, shape and calcification are also discussed.
There are several subtypes of ameloblastoma including common, unicystic, and peripheral ameloblastomas. Common ameloblastomas typically occur in people aged 20-40 and present as slow-growing lesions in the mandible that cause bone expansion. Unicystic ameloblastomas usually affect younger people aged 16-20 and present as well-defined radiolucencies associated with impacted mandibular third molars. Peripheral ameloblastomas present as nodules in older adults aged 23-82 in the gingiva of the mandible or maxilla. Histologically, the subtypes can be distinguished based on epithelial patterns and features. Treatment involves surgical excision of the lesion and surrounding
DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA(FASCIA COLLI).pptxSafuraIjaz2
The document summarizes the anatomy of the neck. It describes six layers of the deep cervical fascia: 1) investing layer, 2) pretracheal fascia, 3) prevertebral fascia, 4) carotid sheath, 5) buccopharyngeal fascia, and 6) pharyngobasilar fascia. It then provides more detail on the investing layer, pretracheal fascia, and carotid sheath, including their attachments, contents, and surrounding structures.
This document provides information on the facial muscles, including their origin, insertion, and movements. It discusses the bones of the face, the major facial muscles like the orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilli, and muscles around the eyes, nose, mouth, and neck. The document also briefly describes how facial muscle contractions create different expressions.
The document provides an overview of the dental technology program at a university. It discusses the program director, courses offered over four years covering topics like dental materials and prosthodontics lab practicals. The scope of dental technology is described as offering diverse career opportunities working in dental labs, clinics, and research. Jobs include dental technician, ceramist, and orthodontic technician. The field is expected to continue growing with demand for dental services and technology advancements.
This document discusses tooth morphology and is the first chapter of a work by Chanda Shehzadi. Tooth morphology refers to the shape, size, and structural formation of teeth. The chapter will likely examine the different types of teeth and their functions as well as how their shapes are adapted for various purposes.
This document provides an overview of cementum, including its physical characteristics, composition, functions, classification, locations, abnormalities, and more. Cementum is the avascular, mineralized tissue covering tooth roots. It is composed of cells, collagen fibers, and hydroxyapatite crystals. Cementum functions to provide anchorage for fibers attaching teeth to bone and aids in adaptation and repair. It can be classified based on presence of cells, fiber origin, location, and matrix composition. Abnormalities include aplasia, hypoplasia, and hypercementosis.
Cementum is a hard, avascular connective tissue that covers tooth roots. It begins at the cervical portion of the tooth and extends to the apex. Cementum provides the medium for collagen fibers to attach the tooth to surrounding structures. It is composed mainly of inorganic hydroxyapatite and organic collagen. Cementum forms through a process called cementogenesis, where mesenchymal cells differentiate into cementoblasts that synthesize cementum. Cementum is classified based on formation timing, presence of cells, and origin of collagen fibers, with the primary types being acellular intrinsic fiber cementum and cellular extrinsic fiber cementum.
The document discusses several oral conditions including cleft lip, cleft palate, macroglossia, amyloidosis, black hairy tongue, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis. Cleft lip and cleft palate are classified in different severities. Macroglossia and amyloidosis present enlarged tongue issues while black hairy tongue and torus palatinus/mandibularis involve abnormal tongue and hard palate/jaw bone growths.
Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium channels, preventing the transmission of electrical signals in nerves. They are commonly used for minor surgical procedures and can be administered via different routes. The most commonly used local anesthetics are amide and ester derivatives that exist in both ionized and non-ionized forms, with the non-ionized forms able to more readily cross cell membranes and the ionized forms being the active blocking entities inside axons. Toxicity can occur if local anesthetic blood levels become too high, potentially causing CNS or cardiovascular effects like seizures or arrhythmias. Treatment of local anesthetic toxicity focuses on supportive measures.
This document describes and compares the anatomical features of the maxillary and mandibular molars. It outlines their eruption times, root development stages, occlusal surface geometries, root morphologies, contact areas, outlines, grooves and pits. The maxillary and mandibular first molars have similar features, such as trapezoidal buccal and lingual aspects, trifurcated roots, and 4 major cusps. Differences between the molars include their occlusion patterns, number of roots and cusps, and root fusion tendencies over time. Common anatomical variations are also listed.
The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord and coordinates all body functions. The PNS connects the CNS to the limbs and organs through nerves and ganglia. Neurons are the basic cells of the nervous system and transmit electrochemical signals through axons and dendrites to control sensation, movement, and organ function. Glial cells support and protect neurons. The spinal cord has gray matter containing neuron cell bodies surrounded by white matter of myelinated axons.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
2. Index
Index is defined as a numeric value describing
the relative status of a population on a graduated
scale with definite upper and lower limits.
It is designed to permit and facilitate comparison
with other populations classified by the same
criteria and methods.
3. Ideal Requisites of an Index
Simplicity: Should be easy to apply so that there is no
undue time lost during field examinations. No expensive
equipment should be needed.
Objectivity: Criteria for the index should be clear and
unambiguous, with mutually exclusive categories.
Precision:Ability to distinguish between small increments.
4. Cont.
Validity: Must measure what it is intended to measure,
so it should correspond with the clinical stages of the
disease under study at each point.
2 components –
• Sensitivity : ability to detect the condition when it is
present.
• Specificity: ability to not detect the condition when it
is absent.
5. Cont.
Reliability: Should measure consistently at different
times and under a variety of conditions.
2 components-
• Inter examiner reliability: different examiners record the
same result.
• Intra examiner reliability: same examiner records the
same result at repeated attempts.
6. Cont.
Acceptability: Safe and not demeaning to the
subject.
Quantifiability: The index should be amenable to
statistical analysis and interpretable.
7. Ideal Properties/Requisites of an ideal
index (Summary)
Simplicity/cost effective
Objectivity/unambiguous
Validity components
Reliability
Precision
Acceptability/safe
Quantifiability, Easy for analysis
Specifity
Sensitivity
Intra-examiner
Inter-examiner
8.
9. Objectives of an Index
• To increase understanding of the disease process along with
measurement of the disease prevalence and incidence,
thereby leading to methods of control and prevention.
• It attempts to discover populations at high and low risk, and
to define the specific problem under investigation.
• The results of different populations can be compared.
10. Uses of Index
• For individual patient
• In research
• In community health
11. For Individual Patient
• Provide individual assessment to help patient
recognize an oral problem.
• Reveal degree of effectiveness of present oral
hygiene practices.
• Motivation in preventive and professional care for
control and elimination of diseases.
12. In Research
Determine base line data before experimental factors are
introduced.
Measure the effectiveness of specific agents for prevention
control or treatment of oral condition.
Measure the effectiveness of mechanical devices for
personal care.
Determination of effect of an Intervention (in comparing
the groups).
13. In Community Health
• Shows prevalence and incidence of a condition.
• Base line data for existing dental practices.
• Assess the need of the community.
• Compare the effects of a community program
and evaluate the results.
14. Classification of indices
Based upon the:
A. Direction in which the scores can fluctuate:
• Irreversible index - DMFT index
(measures conditions that will not return to the normal state. Once
established cannot decrease in value on subsequent examinations)
• Reversible index - GI (Loe & Silness)
(Index that measures conditions that can be return to the normal
state and reversible index scores can decrease/increase in value on
subsequent examinations.
15. B. The extent to which areas of oral cavity are measured:
Full mouth index - Dean’s fluorosis index, PI
(These indices measure the patient's entire dentition/periodontium.
Simplified index - OHI-S (Greene & Vermillion)
(These indices measure only a representative sample of teeth)
C. The entity which they measure:
Disease index - DMF (‘D’ exemplifies a disease index)
Treatment index - DMF (‘F’ exemplifies a treatment index)
Symptom index - PBI (papillary bleeding index)
16. D. The special categories:
Simple index – dental caries severity index, Silness and loe
plaque index
(Index that measures the presence/absence of a condition)
Cumulative index – D MFT index for dental caries
(Index that measures all the evidence of a condition, past
and present)
18. Selection criteria for index
Simple to calculate
Cost-effective (time and equipment)
Acceptable
Understandable
Easy to interpret
Easy to reproduce
Valid and reliable
19. DMFT & DMFS Index
Was introduced by Henry Klien, Carrole
E.Palmer and Knutson J.W in 1938.
D…………..decayed teeth
M…………..missing due to caries
F…………….previously filled teeth
T…………….teeth
20. Method
Teeth Examined:
All permanent teeth are examined.
Previously 28 teeth were examined (Third molars were excluded, as
per WHO modifications (1986) third molars are included).
Teeth excluded
Un-erupted teeth.
Congenitally missing.
Supernumerary.
Deciduous teeth.
Teeth removed for any other reason than caries.
Teeth restored for any other reason other than caries
example…..trauma or cosmetic purposes.
22. Rules to follow
1. No tooth be counted more than once.
2. Decay, missing, filled to be recorded separately.
3. Teeth with recurrent Decay=Decay
4. Missing due to caries only considered.
5. Tooth with several restoration=single restoration
6. Deciduous teeth are not included
7. A tooth is considered to be erupted when the occlusal
surface or incisal edge is totally exposed or can be exposed
be gently reflecting the gingival tissue
23. D
Indicates the no of permanent teeth that are decayed.
Remember that a tooth can be counted only once.
Cannot be counted as decayed and filled.
M
Indicated the no of missing permanent teeth due to decay.
The teeth which are badly decayed that they are advised for extraction
are counted as missing.
History must be taken to identify that teeth have been lost due to
caries.
F
Indicates the no of permanent teeth are restored fully and functionally
good.
Tooth may have several fillings, but is counted as ONE.
24. Criteria for the Identification of Caries
Lesion is clinically visible
Explorer tip can penetrate deep into soft yielding material
There is discoloration or loss of translucency
The explorer tip in a pit or fissure catches or resists removal after
pressure on insertion
25.
26. Calculation of DMFT index
Individual DMFT
Identify each component separately, Add each component separately
than add all subgroups.
Then add them
D+M+F = DMFT
Group Average
Total D, M ,F for each individual , then divide the total DMF by the no
of individuals in the group i.e
Average DMFT= total DMFT
total no of persons
27.
28. DMFS
Applied only to permanent teeth
D = Decayed teeth surfaces
M = Missing teeth surfaces
F = Filled teeth surfaces
30. Surfaces Examined
For Posterior Teeth: Five Surfaces
Facial, Lingual, Mesial, Distal and Occlusal
For Anterior Teeth: Four Surfaces
Facial, Lingual, Mesial, Distal
31. Calculations
If Third Molars are not included
16 posterior teeth= 80 surfaces
12 anterior teeth =48 surfaces
Total=128
Third Molar included
Total =148 surfaces
32.
33. Def Index
Caries Indices for Primary Dentition, Was
Described by Gruebbel A.O in 1944.
d= Decayed Teeth
e= Extracted Teeth ( Due to Caries)
f= Filled Teeth
34. Calculations of def Index
For Primary teeth maximum def score for an
individual would be 20.
Defs score for a child can be 88 to maximum.
Calculations are same as that of DMFT.
35. For Mixed Dentition
Caries indices for primary and permanent teeth will be
calculated separately.
DMFT and deft are never added together.
Index for permanent teeth is calculated first ,followed
be deft index.
