This document discusses anaemia during pregnancy. It begins by defining anaemia as a low red blood cell or haemoglobin level. It then outlines several dangers of anaemia during pregnancy for both the mother and fetus, such as risk of abortion, premature birth, and low birth weight. The document also reviews factors that can contribute to anaemia, including the mother's age, parity, and nutritional status. It emphasizes the importance of nutrition and recommends counselling to increase public health awareness and prevention of anaemia during pregnancy.
This document discusses anaemia during pregnancy. It begins by praising Allah for the opportunity to finalize this document. It aims to increase knowledge about anaemia during pregnancy and its dangers. The document reviews factors that can cause anaemia during pregnancy such as age, parity, and nutritional status. It discusses how anaemia can impact the pregnancy, birth process, and fetus by increasing risks like abortion, premature birth, and low birth weight. The conclusion is that anaemia is a low red blood cell count that reduces oxygen delivery, and it recommends increasing public health education in Indonesia to prevent infections and promote better health.
Abstract—This study was aimed to find out relationship of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron levels with birth weight. Epidemiological observations are that Low birth weight babies i.e. weighing less than 2,500 grams, are approximately 20 times more likely to die than heavier babies. LBWs are more common in developing than developed countries. This study was conducted on 100 new born infant and their mother. Mothers of just delivered babies were investigated for assessing serum zinc, iron and copper levels on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Along with this cord blood samples of newborn delivered by these identified women were investigated for zinc, iron and copper levels. Simultaneously birth weight of newborns delivered by these mothers were assessed. Association of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron with birth weight of newborn was analyzed by unpaired student's’ test of significance. It was found in this study that maternal and newborn serum Zinc and Copper level were significantly lower and higher respectively in LBWs whereas serum Iron was not associated with birth weight of infants.
This document provides information about the 19th edition of the textbook "Obstetrics by Ten Teachers". It includes details about the editors, Philip N Baker and Louise C Kenny, and lists the ten contributing teachers and their areas of expertise. The preface explains that the textbook continues the tradition of being written for medical students by reputable obstetrics teachers. It aims to incorporate clinically relevant material while maintaining safety and fulfillment for pregnancy and childbirth. The contents page provides an outline of the 20 chapters covering various topics in obstetrics.
1. The document discusses the routine care and special considerations for antenatal care (ANC) of pregnancies achieved through in vitro fertilization (IVF).
2. Special considerations for IVF pregnancies include increased risk of complications like ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancies, and genetic abnormalities which require specialized counseling and screening.
3. ANC for IVF pregnancies should be provided by specialists familiar with both obstetrics and IVF in order to monitor for pregnancy complications and provide psychosocial support related to fertility treatments.
This document discusses the importance of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in saving women's lives during pregnancy and childbirth complications. It outlines eight key EmOC functions and describes basic and comprehensive EmOC facilities. Six process indicators are presented to monitor access, utilization and quality of EmOC services, including the number of facilities per population, proportion of births at facilities, and case fatality rates. Regular monitoring of these indicators can help identify issues and guide improvements to maternal healthcare.
Maternal mortality remains a significant issue worldwide, with over 500,000 deaths annually. Through initiatives like the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths system, Malaysia has significantly reduced its maternal mortality rate from 540/100,000 live births in 1950 to 28.1/100,000 in 2000. Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in Malaysia, while medical conditions, sepsis, and hypertensive disorders also contribute substantially. Recommendations focus on increasing access to emergency care and transportation, improving provider training, and expanding family planning programs.
Dr. Poly Begum discusses strategies to reduce maternal mortality in Bangladesh, which include expanding training of midwives. Bangladesh aims to train 3,000 midwives by 2015 to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Doubling the percentage of births attended by skilled health workers is a key goal. Strengthening emergency obstetric care through upgrading facilities and ensuring round-the-clock midwifery services are also part of the strategy. Cooperation across all sectors is needed to further reduce Bangladesh's maternal mortality ratio.
Report on sexual activity and contraceptive methods for female ( June 2014)W&S Market Research
Research Method : Quantitative - Online research
Fieldwork Period : May 2014
Sample size : 1,776 samples
Research area : Vietnam Nationwide
Respondent Criteria :
Female aged 16 and above
Number of Questions :
5 Screening questions and 32 Main Questions
Survey Content :
Screening
Gender, Age, Occupation, Marital Status, Current Living City
Main Study
Sex and sexuality education, First sexual intercourse, Sex life in the last 3 months and contraceptive methods, Daily and Emergency contraceptive pills
This document discusses anaemia during pregnancy. It begins by praising Allah for the opportunity to finalize this document. It aims to increase knowledge about anaemia during pregnancy and its dangers. The document reviews factors that can cause anaemia during pregnancy such as age, parity, and nutritional status. It discusses how anaemia can impact the pregnancy, birth process, and fetus by increasing risks like abortion, premature birth, and low birth weight. The conclusion is that anaemia is a low red blood cell count that reduces oxygen delivery, and it recommends increasing public health education in Indonesia to prevent infections and promote better health.
Abstract—This study was aimed to find out relationship of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron levels with birth weight. Epidemiological observations are that Low birth weight babies i.e. weighing less than 2,500 grams, are approximately 20 times more likely to die than heavier babies. LBWs are more common in developing than developed countries. This study was conducted on 100 new born infant and their mother. Mothers of just delivered babies were investigated for assessing serum zinc, iron and copper levels on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Along with this cord blood samples of newborn delivered by these identified women were investigated for zinc, iron and copper levels. Simultaneously birth weight of newborns delivered by these mothers were assessed. Association of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron with birth weight of newborn was analyzed by unpaired student's’ test of significance. It was found in this study that maternal and newborn serum Zinc and Copper level were significantly lower and higher respectively in LBWs whereas serum Iron was not associated with birth weight of infants.
This document provides information about the 19th edition of the textbook "Obstetrics by Ten Teachers". It includes details about the editors, Philip N Baker and Louise C Kenny, and lists the ten contributing teachers and their areas of expertise. The preface explains that the textbook continues the tradition of being written for medical students by reputable obstetrics teachers. It aims to incorporate clinically relevant material while maintaining safety and fulfillment for pregnancy and childbirth. The contents page provides an outline of the 20 chapters covering various topics in obstetrics.
1. The document discusses the routine care and special considerations for antenatal care (ANC) of pregnancies achieved through in vitro fertilization (IVF).
2. Special considerations for IVF pregnancies include increased risk of complications like ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancies, and genetic abnormalities which require specialized counseling and screening.
3. ANC for IVF pregnancies should be provided by specialists familiar with both obstetrics and IVF in order to monitor for pregnancy complications and provide psychosocial support related to fertility treatments.
This document discusses the importance of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in saving women's lives during pregnancy and childbirth complications. It outlines eight key EmOC functions and describes basic and comprehensive EmOC facilities. Six process indicators are presented to monitor access, utilization and quality of EmOC services, including the number of facilities per population, proportion of births at facilities, and case fatality rates. Regular monitoring of these indicators can help identify issues and guide improvements to maternal healthcare.
Maternal mortality remains a significant issue worldwide, with over 500,000 deaths annually. Through initiatives like the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths system, Malaysia has significantly reduced its maternal mortality rate from 540/100,000 live births in 1950 to 28.1/100,000 in 2000. Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in Malaysia, while medical conditions, sepsis, and hypertensive disorders also contribute substantially. Recommendations focus on increasing access to emergency care and transportation, improving provider training, and expanding family planning programs.
Dr. Poly Begum discusses strategies to reduce maternal mortality in Bangladesh, which include expanding training of midwives. Bangladesh aims to train 3,000 midwives by 2015 to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Doubling the percentage of births attended by skilled health workers is a key goal. Strengthening emergency obstetric care through upgrading facilities and ensuring round-the-clock midwifery services are also part of the strategy. Cooperation across all sectors is needed to further reduce Bangladesh's maternal mortality ratio.
Report on sexual activity and contraceptive methods for female ( June 2014)W&S Market Research
Research Method : Quantitative - Online research
Fieldwork Period : May 2014
Sample size : 1,776 samples
Research area : Vietnam Nationwide
Respondent Criteria :
Female aged 16 and above
Number of Questions :
5 Screening questions and 32 Main Questions
Survey Content :
Screening
Gender, Age, Occupation, Marital Status, Current Living City
Main Study
Sex and sexuality education, First sexual intercourse, Sex life in the last 3 months and contraceptive methods, Daily and Emergency contraceptive pills
The presentation can be used for training of Doctors and Staff nurses on Emergency Obstetric care and MMR reduction strategies in Low Resource settings.
This document contains questions from an OSCE revision on obstetrics and gynecology. It includes questions about various clinical maneuvers, fetal positions, indications for procedures, abnormalities interpreted from graphs and images, and complications in labor and delivery. The document seeks to assess knowledge of key obstetrical and gynecological topics through a series of clinical case examples and diagnostic questions.
1) The study examined the effects of a digital prenatal program called the Baby Care Program (BCP) on 512 first-time mothers. The BCP included mindfulness activities like meditation, yoga, music, and baby bonding exercises.
2) Results showed statistically significant benefits for mothers who used the BCP, including lower stress, better sleep, fewer preterm births and higher birth weights, compared to mothers who did not participate.
3) The BCP was found to help mothers develop a stronger bond with their babies, better manage nutrition and pregnancy symptoms, and have an overall healthier pregnancy experience.
Dr. S. Shantha Kumari presents an algorithmic approach for antenatal care during the third trimester of pregnancy from 28 weeks until labor and delivery. The algorithm proceeds in a step-by-step logical manner, reviewing past medical history and tests from the second trimester, and outlining checks and interventions to be completed at various gestational ages including nutrition, exercises, mental preparation, and monitoring for signs of preterm labor or other complications. The overall goal is to provide timely, evidence-based care that reduces risks and promotes a healthy pregnancy experience for mother and baby.
Diagnostic approach and management of extrauterine pregnancyRustem Celami
An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that develops outside a woman's uterus. This happens when the fertilized egg from the ovary does not reach or implant itself normally in the uterus. Instead, the egg develops somewhere else in the abdomen. The products of this conception are abnormal and cannot develop into fetuses. Urine pregnancy test is often done by women itself once amenorrhea is present about 2 weeks of expected menstrual period, however, pregnancy blood test such Beta – human Chorionic Gonadotropin (BhCG) and ultrasound examination are the best tool of diagnosis. The most common place that ectopic pregnancy occurs is in one of the fallopian tubes, a so-called tubal pregnancy. These are the tubes that transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Ectopic pregnancies also can be found on the outside of the uterus, on the ovaries, or attached to the bowel. Most serious complication of an ectopic pregnancy is intra-abdominal hemorrhage. In the case of a tubal pregnancy, for example, as the products of conception continue to grow in the fallopian tube, the tube expands and eventually ruptures. This can be very dangerous because a large artery runs on the outside of each Fallopian tube. If the artery ruptures, the woman can bleed severely. Ectopic pregnancy is usually found in the first 5-10 weeks of pregnancy and is the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the first trimester of pregnancy in the USA. In Albania, we face difficulties not only in application of high technology of ultrasound machine in public health sector but unfortunately we are unable to perform BhCG in public health sector laboratories, such making not only challenge and even delay but an expensive process of diagnosis of this medical problem. In conclusion, since ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy, and comes with high risk of serious complication, early diagnosis of pregnancy location and its management is crucial in preventing medical complication.
This presentation is all about the epidemiology of stillbirths, in India. It talks about the different challenges in controlling the stillbirths and the strategies of controlling it. The INAP guideline of Government of India, which is a stepping stone for controlling stillbirths in India, is also discussed here.
The document discusses Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) in Zambia. It notes that Zambia's maternal mortality rate of 398 deaths per 100,000 births in 2014 shows the neglect of women's health needs. EmONC aims to combat maternal deaths by providing emergency obstetric care at health centers (basic EmONC) and hospitals (comprehensive EmONC). The principles of EmONC include providing life-saving measures to prevent maternal and neonatal deaths and disabilities through skilled birth attendants trained in basic and comprehensive emergency functions.
The document discusses changing practices in obstetrics and midwifery care based on evidence from clinical research and methodology developments. It provides examples of beneficial practices that are evidence-based, such as active management of the third stage of labor, as well as practices of unknown effectiveness or practices likely to be ineffective or harmful. The document advocates for promoting quality care using evidence-based guidelines and recommendations.
How to get pregnant immediately increase your fertility with these good tips...youcefAyachi1
1. The document provides 11 tips for increasing fertility and getting pregnant quickly, as compiled from fertility specialists. It details each tip, including tracking menstrual cycles and ovulation, having sex every other day during the fertile window, maintaining a healthy weight, taking prenatal vitamins, eating healthy foods, reducing strenuous exercise, being aware of declining fertility with age, and quitting smoking and drinking alcohol.
2. It recommends seeing a fertility specialist if unable to get pregnant within 6 months for women over 35 or within a year for younger women.
3. Tracking cycles and ovulation, timing intercourse, adopting a healthy lifestyle and consulting experts can help maximize chances of conception.
This document compares the procedures and uses of IVF (in vitro fertilization) and IUI (intra-uterine insemination). IVF involves fertilizing an egg and sperm outside the body in a laboratory dish and then transferring the embryo into the uterus. IUI involves inserting washed and healthy sperm directly into the uterus. IVF is used for cases involving blocked or missing fallopian tubes or unexplained infertility, while IUI is used for mild infertility issues like low sperm count or ovulation problems. The stages and costs of each procedure are described, with IVF typically having higher costs but being more effective for infertility treatment than IUI.
This document summarizes research on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. It discusses how the WHO recommendation had been 4-6 months but was changed to around 6 months in 2001 based on evidence from over 3,000 studies. The resolution passed by the World Health Assembly urges exclusive breastfeeding for six months as a global recommendation, taking into account the expert committee's findings that exclusive breastfeeding for six months does not harm growth and protects against infection.
The document summarizes a study on women's awareness of initiating and continuing breastfeeding after cesarean section in Baghdad, Iraq. The study involved surveying 30 women who had cesarean sections using a questionnaire. The results showed that 43.3% initiated breastfeeding within 24 hours of their c-section. 76.7% continued breastfeeding, though only 26% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The study aimed to identify factors influencing breastfeeding initiation and continuation after c-sections. It recommended promoting breastfeeding through baby-friendly hospital initiatives and counseling women during pregnancy and after birth.
This document provides information about a seminar on abortion submitted by Ms. B. Blessy Madhuri. The seminar's objectives are to provide an in-depth understanding of abortion and its management. It will define abortion, describe the incidence of abortion in India and worldwide, classify the different types of abortion, and explain the causes and management of various types including spontaneous, threatened, inevitable, complete, incomplete, missed, septic, and recurrent abortions. It will also cover medical termination of pregnancy procedures and complications, as well as the role of midwives in post-abortion care.
This document provides guidelines for caring for pregnant women with COVID-19. It discusses that vertical transmission of COVID-19 from mother to baby is uncommon. It recommends continuing antenatal care with safety modifications and advises vaccination for pregnant women when risk of exposure is high. For pregnant women with COVID-19, it suggests treatments and monitoring based on symptoms and managing clinical deterioration. Guidelines are provided for intrapartum and postpartum care as well, including thromboprophylaxis. The overall goal is to provide care for both the health of the pregnant woman and baby while mitigating risk of COVID-19 transmission.
This document summarizes presentations on maternal near miss in Sudan. It defines maternal near miss as a severe life-threatening complication during pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum that requires urgent intervention to prevent death. The document discusses how analyzing near miss cases can provide insights into health system failures in obstetric care. It notes that the leading causes of near miss in Sudan are hemorrhage, infection, hypertensive disorders, and anemia. The document also outlines Sudan's policy on identifying near miss criteria and qualitative research examining determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality in post-conflict areas.
Este documento explica las propiedades periódicas y los diferentes tipos de enlaces químicos. Describe el enlace iónico como la fuerza electrostática que une cationes y aniones, mientras que el enlace covalente implica el compartir de electrones entre átomos. Explica que los compuestos iónicos son sólidos con altos puntos de fusión debido a sus fuertes fuerzas electrostáticas, mientras que los compuestos covalentes tienden a ser gases o líquidos con bajos puntos de fusión debido a sus relativamente
This document contains a resume for Teh Jin You, who has 9 years of experience as a Technical Manager providing enterprise hosting solutions. He has a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and experience in helpdesk support, server monitoring, and building load balancing and high availability solutions. He is seeking a position paying MYR 7,000 that allows him to continue working with latest networking technologies.
The presentation can be used for training of Doctors and Staff nurses on Emergency Obstetric care and MMR reduction strategies in Low Resource settings.
This document contains questions from an OSCE revision on obstetrics and gynecology. It includes questions about various clinical maneuvers, fetal positions, indications for procedures, abnormalities interpreted from graphs and images, and complications in labor and delivery. The document seeks to assess knowledge of key obstetrical and gynecological topics through a series of clinical case examples and diagnostic questions.
1) The study examined the effects of a digital prenatal program called the Baby Care Program (BCP) on 512 first-time mothers. The BCP included mindfulness activities like meditation, yoga, music, and baby bonding exercises.
2) Results showed statistically significant benefits for mothers who used the BCP, including lower stress, better sleep, fewer preterm births and higher birth weights, compared to mothers who did not participate.
3) The BCP was found to help mothers develop a stronger bond with their babies, better manage nutrition and pregnancy symptoms, and have an overall healthier pregnancy experience.
Dr. S. Shantha Kumari presents an algorithmic approach for antenatal care during the third trimester of pregnancy from 28 weeks until labor and delivery. The algorithm proceeds in a step-by-step logical manner, reviewing past medical history and tests from the second trimester, and outlining checks and interventions to be completed at various gestational ages including nutrition, exercises, mental preparation, and monitoring for signs of preterm labor or other complications. The overall goal is to provide timely, evidence-based care that reduces risks and promotes a healthy pregnancy experience for mother and baby.
Diagnostic approach and management of extrauterine pregnancyRustem Celami
An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that develops outside a woman's uterus. This happens when the fertilized egg from the ovary does not reach or implant itself normally in the uterus. Instead, the egg develops somewhere else in the abdomen. The products of this conception are abnormal and cannot develop into fetuses. Urine pregnancy test is often done by women itself once amenorrhea is present about 2 weeks of expected menstrual period, however, pregnancy blood test such Beta – human Chorionic Gonadotropin (BhCG) and ultrasound examination are the best tool of diagnosis. The most common place that ectopic pregnancy occurs is in one of the fallopian tubes, a so-called tubal pregnancy. These are the tubes that transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Ectopic pregnancies also can be found on the outside of the uterus, on the ovaries, or attached to the bowel. Most serious complication of an ectopic pregnancy is intra-abdominal hemorrhage. In the case of a tubal pregnancy, for example, as the products of conception continue to grow in the fallopian tube, the tube expands and eventually ruptures. This can be very dangerous because a large artery runs on the outside of each Fallopian tube. If the artery ruptures, the woman can bleed severely. Ectopic pregnancy is usually found in the first 5-10 weeks of pregnancy and is the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the first trimester of pregnancy in the USA. In Albania, we face difficulties not only in application of high technology of ultrasound machine in public health sector but unfortunately we are unable to perform BhCG in public health sector laboratories, such making not only challenge and even delay but an expensive process of diagnosis of this medical problem. In conclusion, since ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy, and comes with high risk of serious complication, early diagnosis of pregnancy location and its management is crucial in preventing medical complication.
This presentation is all about the epidemiology of stillbirths, in India. It talks about the different challenges in controlling the stillbirths and the strategies of controlling it. The INAP guideline of Government of India, which is a stepping stone for controlling stillbirths in India, is also discussed here.
The document discusses Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) in Zambia. It notes that Zambia's maternal mortality rate of 398 deaths per 100,000 births in 2014 shows the neglect of women's health needs. EmONC aims to combat maternal deaths by providing emergency obstetric care at health centers (basic EmONC) and hospitals (comprehensive EmONC). The principles of EmONC include providing life-saving measures to prevent maternal and neonatal deaths and disabilities through skilled birth attendants trained in basic and comprehensive emergency functions.
The document discusses changing practices in obstetrics and midwifery care based on evidence from clinical research and methodology developments. It provides examples of beneficial practices that are evidence-based, such as active management of the third stage of labor, as well as practices of unknown effectiveness or practices likely to be ineffective or harmful. The document advocates for promoting quality care using evidence-based guidelines and recommendations.
How to get pregnant immediately increase your fertility with these good tips...youcefAyachi1
1. The document provides 11 tips for increasing fertility and getting pregnant quickly, as compiled from fertility specialists. It details each tip, including tracking menstrual cycles and ovulation, having sex every other day during the fertile window, maintaining a healthy weight, taking prenatal vitamins, eating healthy foods, reducing strenuous exercise, being aware of declining fertility with age, and quitting smoking and drinking alcohol.
2. It recommends seeing a fertility specialist if unable to get pregnant within 6 months for women over 35 or within a year for younger women.
3. Tracking cycles and ovulation, timing intercourse, adopting a healthy lifestyle and consulting experts can help maximize chances of conception.
This document compares the procedures and uses of IVF (in vitro fertilization) and IUI (intra-uterine insemination). IVF involves fertilizing an egg and sperm outside the body in a laboratory dish and then transferring the embryo into the uterus. IUI involves inserting washed and healthy sperm directly into the uterus. IVF is used for cases involving blocked or missing fallopian tubes or unexplained infertility, while IUI is used for mild infertility issues like low sperm count or ovulation problems. The stages and costs of each procedure are described, with IVF typically having higher costs but being more effective for infertility treatment than IUI.
This document summarizes research on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. It discusses how the WHO recommendation had been 4-6 months but was changed to around 6 months in 2001 based on evidence from over 3,000 studies. The resolution passed by the World Health Assembly urges exclusive breastfeeding for six months as a global recommendation, taking into account the expert committee's findings that exclusive breastfeeding for six months does not harm growth and protects against infection.
The document summarizes a study on women's awareness of initiating and continuing breastfeeding after cesarean section in Baghdad, Iraq. The study involved surveying 30 women who had cesarean sections using a questionnaire. The results showed that 43.3% initiated breastfeeding within 24 hours of their c-section. 76.7% continued breastfeeding, though only 26% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The study aimed to identify factors influencing breastfeeding initiation and continuation after c-sections. It recommended promoting breastfeeding through baby-friendly hospital initiatives and counseling women during pregnancy and after birth.
This document provides information about a seminar on abortion submitted by Ms. B. Blessy Madhuri. The seminar's objectives are to provide an in-depth understanding of abortion and its management. It will define abortion, describe the incidence of abortion in India and worldwide, classify the different types of abortion, and explain the causes and management of various types including spontaneous, threatened, inevitable, complete, incomplete, missed, septic, and recurrent abortions. It will also cover medical termination of pregnancy procedures and complications, as well as the role of midwives in post-abortion care.
This document provides guidelines for caring for pregnant women with COVID-19. It discusses that vertical transmission of COVID-19 from mother to baby is uncommon. It recommends continuing antenatal care with safety modifications and advises vaccination for pregnant women when risk of exposure is high. For pregnant women with COVID-19, it suggests treatments and monitoring based on symptoms and managing clinical deterioration. Guidelines are provided for intrapartum and postpartum care as well, including thromboprophylaxis. The overall goal is to provide care for both the health of the pregnant woman and baby while mitigating risk of COVID-19 transmission.
This document summarizes presentations on maternal near miss in Sudan. It defines maternal near miss as a severe life-threatening complication during pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum that requires urgent intervention to prevent death. The document discusses how analyzing near miss cases can provide insights into health system failures in obstetric care. It notes that the leading causes of near miss in Sudan are hemorrhage, infection, hypertensive disorders, and anemia. The document also outlines Sudan's policy on identifying near miss criteria and qualitative research examining determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality in post-conflict areas.
Este documento explica las propiedades periódicas y los diferentes tipos de enlaces químicos. Describe el enlace iónico como la fuerza electrostática que une cationes y aniones, mientras que el enlace covalente implica el compartir de electrones entre átomos. Explica que los compuestos iónicos son sólidos con altos puntos de fusión debido a sus fuertes fuerzas electrostáticas, mientras que los compuestos covalentes tienden a ser gases o líquidos con bajos puntos de fusión debido a sus relativamente
This document contains a resume for Teh Jin You, who has 9 years of experience as a Technical Manager providing enterprise hosting solutions. He has a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and experience in helpdesk support, server monitoring, and building load balancing and high availability solutions. He is seeking a position paying MYR 7,000 that allows him to continue working with latest networking technologies.
Este documento describe la educación en Colombia según la Constitución y la ley. Define la educación como un derecho y servicio público, y establece que el Estado, la familia y la sociedad son responsables de proveerla. Detalla las características de la educación obligatoria en Colombia y los objetivos de formar a los ciudadanos en valores como los derechos humanos, la paz y la democracia.
Intermediate writing start a new business 4 (t)SkimaTalk
This document outlines the lesson plan and homework for an intermediate writing course on starting a new business. The homework asks students to describe how they will make money in 2,400 characters or less. The lesson will involve the student reading their answer aloud, getting feedback from the teacher, and discussing follow up questions about their business model, cost structure, and investment needs. The teacher is instructed to proofread and edit the student's homework response after the session.
The document describes two models of material hoists from Jaypee India Limited. The Model MFH 100 has a loading capacity of 1000 kg, maximum height of 300 meters, and lifting speed of 36 meters per minute. The larger Model MH 200 has a loading capacity of 2000 kg and can lift to a maximum height of 450 meters. Both models use a rack and pinion travel type and geared motor transmission. Safety features include electromechanical brakes, centrifugal braking systems, overload safety, and various limit switches.
The Center of Water Management and Climate Change gave this presentation on the Cost Benefit Analysis of flood management for Ho Chi Minh City, using Robust Decision Making Analysis.
Death and Ensuing violence at the Grand Arch Project of IREO Private Limited ...SLDIndia
The document is a report on the health needs of migrants in Gurgaon, Haryana, India conducted by the Society for Labour and Development (SLD). It utilized both publicly available data and original field research including interviews with migrant workers, their families, healthcare providers and SLD field staff from January to March 2012. The report aims to inform private and public healthcare services about the health needs of migrants and provide recommendations to help meet those needs. It finds that migrants are a diverse group with variable health needs affected by their reasons for migration, legal status, and other socioeconomic factors.
The Great North Museum in Newcastle upon Tyne has a free touring exhibition from the V&A Museum of Childhood. The museum is located at Hancock in Newcastle upon Tyne and can be contacted by telephone or textphone, or visited online at their website www.greatnorthmuseum.org.uk.
Optimization of ovarian stimulation to improve success rate in ‘ART’Apollo Hospitals
ART is defined as the technique used where there is a need for in-vitro preparation or manipulation of gametes. The commonest ARTs are intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Ovarian stimulation is required with these procedures to increase the pregnancy rate as ART with natural cycle has a very low pregnancy rate. Optimizing pregnancy rates per cycle is the real basis for ovarian stimulation protocols in ART.
This document discusses anemia prophylaxis programs. It defines anemia and its classifications according to WHO. Globally, anemia affects 30% of people, and 40-90% in developing countries and India. The main causes of increased anemia incidence are poor iron balance pre-pregnancy, improper iron supplementation during pregnancy, repeated childbirths, low socioeconomic status, and infections. Anemia can lead to complications in pregnancy like preterm labor, and complications during labor like postpartum hemorrhage. National programs provide iron and folic acid supplementation to pregnant and lactating women, and children aged 6-60 months. The guidelines recommend expanding the program to include infants aged 6-12 months, school-aged
Anemia is prevalent among pregnant women, especially in developing countries. It can lead to health issues for both mother and baby like preterm birth. Providing community education to pregnant women on foods rich in iron and other nutrients may help reduce anemia and its risks. However, more evidence is still needed on the effectiveness of such educational interventions. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of community education in improving diets and reducing anemia and preterm birth rates among pregnant women.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to poor growth of a baby in the womb. It can be caused by poor maternal nutrition, lack of oxygen to the fetus, or other maternal/placental/fetal factors. IUGR babies are small for their gestational age and classified as symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical IUGR involves reduced cell number and affects all organs, while asymmetrical IUGR involves cellular hypertrophy and disproportionately affects the body. IUGR increases risks for the baby including hypoglycemia, respiratory issues, and long term health problems. Management depends on severity and includes improving nutrition, bed rest, and timing of delivery.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The document discusses the high prevalence of anemia in India, especially among pregnant women and children. It notes that over 90% of pregnant women in India are anemic. Maternal anemia is associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity for both mother and child. National programs aimed at anemia prevention and treatment through iron and folic acid supplementation have had limited effectiveness due to problems with implementation including lack of screening and irregular consumption of supplements.
Dental Procedure (Tooth extraction) During Pregnancy.pptxssuserd85ab4
During pregnancy, dental procedures like tooth extractions may be needed. While surgical procedures are generally delayed until delivery if possible, tooth extractions during pregnancy are common. It is important for dentists to be aware of the physiological changes during pregnancy that can affect dental treatment. With proper precautions and using antibiotics and local anesthetics that are considered safe during pregnancy, tooth extractions can be performed to prevent further dental issues.
This document discusses intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), also known as fetal growth restriction. It defines IUGR as a fetus being at or below the 10th percentile for weight based on gestational age. The document covers causes of IUGR including maternal, fetal, placental and unknown factors. It discusses methods for diagnosing and monitoring IUGR pregnancies, including ultrasound, biophysical profile and Doppler of the umbilical artery. Treatment options presented include bed rest, aspirin therapy, nutritional supplementation and deciding on optimal delivery timing balancing prematurity risks versus risks of remaining in the hostile uterine environment.
This document discusses mother and child health care. It covers several key topics in 3 sentences or less:
Maternal health problems in developing countries include reducing mortality, promoting nutrition and health practices. Main health issues are malnutrition, infection, and effects of uncontrolled fertility. Proper antenatal care including nutrition, rest, exercise and checkups is important to achieve a healthy mother and baby.
This document provides information about intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). It begins with general and specific objectives of the topic. IUGR is defined as fetal growth restriction, and can be classified as symmetrical or asymmetrical based on onset and organ size. Causes include maternal, fetal, placental and unknown factors. Diagnosis involves ultrasound to measure head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length and amniotic fluid. Complications for the fetus include hypoxia, acidosis, hypoglycemia and multi-organ failure. Long term risks include delayed development and metabolic syndrome in adulthood.
This document discusses strategies for preventing fetal macrosomia. It begins by defining fetal macrosomia as a birth weight over 4000g or above the 90th percentile for gestational age. Factors that can cause macrosomia include maternal diabetes, obesity, excessive weight gain, and diets high in calories, sugar, or glycemic index. Macrosomia poses risks for prolonged labor, maternal and neonatal injuries, and cesarean section. The document reviews studies on using low glycemic index diets and extracts from alligator pepper to reduce weight gain and blood sugar levels in pregnant women at risk of macrosomia. It suggests further research is needed to validate prevention strategies and develop targeted protections.
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O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
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1. PREFACE
Praises thanks presence of ALLAH SWT, which has given
strength and opportunity to us, so that this handing out can be finalized with
time which in expects although in the form of a real simple, where this
handing out studies about " anaemia at pregnancy" and presumably this
handing out can increase our knowledge especially about how and is
danger of disease Anemia Pada Kehamilan.
With existence of handing out ini,mudah-mudahan can assist
increasing the read enthusiasm and friends learning we also hopes all can
know and comprehends about this matter, because will increase quality of
our individual.
We hardly realizes that in making of this handing out still hardly
minim,sehingga suggestion from instructor lecturer and criticism from all
party(sides we still expect for the shake of repair of this report. We render
thanks to all party(sides which has assisted us in finalizing this handing out.
Raha, September 2013
P e nitrogen u levator skapula i sulfur
2.
3. CHAPTER I
ANTECEDENT
A. Reasoning Of Problem
Anaemia number at pregnancy in Indonesia enough heights around 67% from all pregnant mothers with
various depend on each area. Around 10-15% pertained weight anaemia which has of course will
influence growing foetus flower in womb ( Manuaba, I.B.G, 2002 things 90).
Anaemia in pregnancy is one of health problem which many experienced and enough heights ranging
from 10-20% ( Sarwono Prawiharjo, 2005 things 450 ).
According To WHO case of anaemia when pregnancy ranges from 20% until 89% by specifying HB 11 gr
% as its(the base. Pregnancy anaemia number in Indonesia shows value that is enough is height. (
Manuaba.I.B.G, the 29 ).
According to national health system ( SKN ) the year 2001 anaemia numbers at pregnant mother equal to
40%, this condition tells that anaemia enough heights in Indonesia if(when in approximating in the year
2003-2010 anaemia prevalences still above 40% hence mother mortality 18000 pertahun caused by
haemorrhage after delivering birth. This thing seen from height of mother mortality ( ACCUMULATOR) in
South-East Asia in the year 2005 that is shifting 290,8 per 100000 life births. ( anonim, 2010).
Factor having an effect on to case of this anaemia is ; less gizi, besides anaemia at pregnant mother is
caused by recuring pregnancy in a short time, mother ferrum reserve actually recovery has not, cleansed
by need of foetus which in containing the next.
Height of anaemia befalling pregnant mother gives impact negative to foetus which in containing from
mother in pregnancy, copy and also child bed which among others will born body weighing foetus to born
low ( BBLR), partus premature, abortus, haemorrahage of post partum, old partus and shock. This thing
the relates to many factor inter alia ; status gizi, age, education, and work ( Sarwono Prawirohardjo, 2005
things. 450 ).
4.
5. B. Problem Formula
1. What image of Anemia at pregnant mother according to pregnant mother age in Public Hospital Haji
Makassar in the year 2009.
2. What image of Anemia at pregnant mother according to Paritas in Public Hospital Haji Makassar the
year 2009.
C. Purpose Of Research
1. General purpose
To obtain image of Anemia at pregnant mother in Public Hospital Haji Makassar Tahun 2009.
2. Purpose Of Special
a. To obtain image of anaemia at pregnant mother according to age.
b. To obtain image of anaemia at pregnant mother according to parity.
D. Research Benefit
1. Practical Benefit
As one of information source for policy determinant and execution of program for Instansi Depertemen
especially Hospital ( RSU) Haji Makassar in compiling planning program to relate to prevention effort of
anaemia at pregnancy mother.
2. Research Benefit
This research expected to become information source and enrichs science repertoire and reference
material for researcher hereinafter.
3. Benefit for Peneliti
Result of this research is scientific experience of which can increase knowledge and adds knowledge
about anaemia at pregnancy mother.
4. Benefit for Institusi
Result of this research expected able to be dimamfaatkan as valuable information about pregnant mother
anaemia especially in developing gynecology
6.
7. CHAPTER II
BOOK REVIEW
A. Review About Anaemia At Ms. Pregnancy
1. Understanding of Anaemia According To The Experts
a. Anaemia is a situation where haemoglobin rate below(under 11 gr % at trismester I and II or
haemoglobin rate less than 10,5 gr % at trimester II ( Saifuddin. A. B. 2001 things 281 ).
b. Anaemia in pregnancy is condition where haemoglobin rate less than 10 gr / 100 ml ( Wiknjaksatro,
2002. The 405 ).
c. Anaemia is Kondisi where the lessen of corpuscle merah(eritrosit) in circulation of blood or
haemoglobin mass so that unable to fulfill its(the function as oxygen carrier keseluruh jaringan(Wasnidar,
2007hal 20).
2. Patofisiologi
During pregnancy happened improvement of blood volume ( hypervolemia). Hypervolemia is result from
improvement of plasma volume and erythrocyte ( red blood cell) is staying in body but this uneven
improvement that is its(the improvement plasma volume far bigger so that member effect that is
concentration of haemoglobin decreases out of 12 g/100 ml. ( Sarwono,2002 the 450-451).
Blood thinning ( hemodilusi) at pregnant mother often happened with improvement of plasma volume
30%-40%, improvement of corpuscle 18%-30% and haemoglobin 19%. Physiologically hemodilusi to
assist lightens heart job(activity.
Hemodulusi happened since pregnancy of 10 weeks and reachs its(the top at pregnancy of 32-36 weeks.
If(when mother haemoglobin before pregnancy shifts 11 gr% hence with the happening of hemodilusi will
result physiological pregnancy anaemia and mother HB will become 9,5-10 gr %
3. Kinds of anaemias ( Sarwono,2006hal 451)
a. Iron Deficiencies Anaemia
8.
9. Anaemia that is very often in meeting which in causing for want of element of ferrum in food, because
imbibition trouble, losing of secretory ferrum from body causing haemorrhage.
b. Megaloblastic anaemia
Anaemia because acid deficiencies folik, very rare because this tightly B Hal vitamin deficiencies of its(the
relationship with food deficiencies.
c. Hipoplastic Anaemia
Because of by sum-sum indigent bone makes new blood cells. Hipoplastic anaemia etiology because
pregnancy up to now is known categorically, except which caused by sepsis, roentgen rays, poison and
drugs.
5. Sign and Gejala Anemia ( Varney Helen, 2002, Thing. 152 )
The lessen of concentration of haemoglobin during the pregnancy results suplay oxygen keseluruh body
network decreases causing sign and anaemia symptom in general, as follows : Light, sleepy, confused,
fatigue, malaise, headache, appetite downwards, queasy and puking, concentration of losing and short
breath ( at hard yng anaemia ).
At pemerikasaan of marking and anaemia symptom can cover : pale skin, mucosa, gum, and my kuku-ku
am pale finger, slow takikardi/murmut ( at hard anaemia ), hair shaped and fragile nail ( at hard anaemia )
as well as smooth tongue ( at hard anaemia ).
6. Anaemia Influence at Kehamilan, Persalinan, Child bed, and Janin ( Manuaba, 1998. Thing. 31-32 ).
a. Danger Of Anaemia in Pregnancy
1. Risk happened abortus
2. Copy permaturus
3. Resistance grows foetus flower in womb
4. Easy to become infection
5. Decompensation threat kordis ( HB < 6 gr %)
b. Danger Of Anaemia in Copy
10. 1. Strength trouble his
2. Scorpion firstly can take place stripper, and happened partus is unemployed [by]
3. Scorpion two taking place stripper causing can tire and often requires action of operation of midwifery.
4. Scorpion three earning in following retensio placenta and haemorrhage of post partum because atonia
uteri.
5. Scorpion four can happened haemorrhage of post partum secondary and atonia uteri.
c. Danger of anaemia in a period of child bed
1. Haemorrhage of post partum because atonia uteri and involusio uteri facilitates infection puerperium
2. Expenditure of ASI decreases
3. Happened decompensation of sudden kordis after copy
4. Easy to happened infection mammae
d. Danger of anaemia to foetus
Even if seems to foetus can permeate various perfections from its(the mother, but with anaemia will
lessen ability of metabolism body causing disturbs growth and development of foetus in womb. Anaemia
effect can happened trouble and form :
1. Abortus
2. Happened death intra uteri
3. High prematurity copy
4. Body weight borns low ( BBLR)
5. Birth with anaemia
6. Can happened is inviable
7. Prone baby of infection until perinatal death
8. Low intelengensi, because of oxygen defiency and nutrition pursuing foetus growth
6. Diagnosa anaemia
11.
12.
13. Diagnosa anaemia in pregnancy earns in upholding with :
a. Anamnese
At anemnese will be got fatigue sigh, often confused, eye is having firefly - firefly and nausea sigh,
heavier puking at young pregnancy. ( Manuaba, I.B.G, 1998,hal30). If(when there is light sigh, Seems to
be turning pale, pingsan,sementara easy to within measure normal, hence need to be suspected anaemia
defesiensi ferrum ( Saifuddin AB, 2002 hal282 ).
b. inspection of Blood
Inspection of HB blood and edge blood will give first impression. Inspection of HB with Spektofotometri is
standard, difficulty was this equipment only available in town.
7. Prevention and handling Anemia
a. Prevention of Anaemia
To avoid the happening of anaemia is better if pregnant mother does inspection before pregnancy
causing earns in knowing health basic data of the mother, in inspection of health in accompanying
inspection of laboratory is including inspection of faeces so that in knowing existence of infeksiparasit. (
Manuaba, I. B. G. 1998, hal30)
b. Handling at Anemia as follows :
1. Light Anaemia
At pregnancy with HB rate 9-10 gr% still in assumes is light so that only needs in requires combination 60
mg/hari ferrum and 500 folic acid magnesiums peroral once one day. ( Arisman, 2004 Things. 150 - 151 ).
2. Medium Anaemia
Therapy earns in strarting with preparat iron feros 600-1000 mg/hari like sulphate ferosus or glukonas
ferosus.
( Wiknjosastro, 2005 Things. 452 ).
3. Heavy Anaemia
Giving of preparat iron 60 magnesiums and folic acid 400 magnesiums, 6 month of during pregnancy,
continued until 3 month of after delivering birth. ( Arisman, 2004 things 153 ).
14. Status gizi is assessed based on calculation Antropometri WHO NCHS ( National Center Of Health
Statistic ), that is measurement and various dimensions physical of body like west to age ( BB/U), body
height to age ( TB/U) and body weight to body height to body height ( BB/TB) and in grouping. According
to classification of Indonesia Department of Public Health becomes ugly gizi ( BB/U < 60 %), gizi is less (
BB/U 60-80%) and gizi is more ( BB/U > 110%).
Ms. pregnancy requires number of big relative nutrients. This thing relates to growth of foetus in content.
improvement of Requirement of this nutrient especially in the form of vitamin B1, ( Thiamin), Vitami E2 (
Riboflapin), Vitamin A,D and B1, Mineral,La, and Fe.
Condition of gizi and komsumsi less pregnancy mother will cause anaemia and influential to condition of
foetus and baby which in delivering birth. Insuffiency of gizi at the time of pregnancy will generate
difficulties. Therefore, sufficiency of gizi suggested by pregnancy mother baby must can fufilled. ( Hadju
Veni, 2004 things 11 ).
?
15. B. Review About Factor Relating To Anaemia
1. Age
Mother age was time depth lived or since borne [by] until the mother is pregnancy. There is many things
causing the happening of various komplikasi during pregnancy between it is mother age at the time of
pregnancy. If mother age under age that is age less than 20 years, in physical and optimal
underdeveloped flank causing can result painfulness risk and death of during pregnancy, where at the
age of less than 20 years fear mother happened change at its(the body posture or fat fear. Ms. tending to
lessens eating so that asupan gizi is including asupan ferrum is less causing ly can happened anaemia.
While at the age of in ats 35 years, condition of health of mother starts declines, function of womb starts
declines, and increases medical komplikasi at pregnancy until copy ( Anonim, 2010).
2. Parity
Parity is number of copies with have ever in experienced by mother either bearing life and also stillborn.
Parity 1-3 is parity I most safe in evaluation from the aspect of death of maternal parity I and high parits (
more than 3) has higher mortality. Risk at parity 1 earns in lessening or in preventing with family to plan.
Some of pregnancies at high parity is is not planned. ( Sarwono, 1999, Thing. 23 ).
After pregnancy that is third is anaemia risk ( less blood) increases. The in causing because at recuring
pregnancy generates damage at usual vein and uterine wall influences circulation of nutrition to foetus.
3. Status Gizi Ms. Pregnancy
Anaemia is one of main problem of mother mortality cause in Indonesia and often happened at pregnancy
mother. Usually Anaemia in finding at wania pregnancy which seldom consume fresh vegetable,
especially foliage type hiaju which is raw and or animal protein content food.
16.
17. CHAPTER III
COVER?CONCLUSION
Akesimpulan
a. Anaemia is condition where the lessen of red blood cell ( erythrocyte) in circulation of blood or
haemoglobin mass so that unable to fulfill its(the function as oxygen carrier keseluruh network ( Tarwoto,
2007).
b. Danger Of Anaemia in Pregnancy
1. Risk happened abortus
2. Copy permaturus
3. Resistance grows foetus flower in womb
4. Easy to become infection
5. Decompensation threat kordis ( HB < 6 gr %)
Bsaran
To increase degree of health of public in indonesia especially better be done counselling of prevention
principle of infection, that public earns more paying attention toly its(the health.