This document discusses anaemia during pregnancy. It begins by praising Allah for the opportunity to finalize this document. It aims to increase knowledge about anaemia during pregnancy and its dangers. The document reviews factors that can cause anaemia during pregnancy such as age, parity, and nutritional status. It discusses how anaemia can impact the pregnancy, birth process, and fetus by increasing risks like abortion, premature birth, and low birth weight. The conclusion is that anaemia is a low red blood cell count that reduces oxygen delivery, and it recommends increasing public health education in Indonesia to prevent infections and promote better health.
This document discusses anaemia during pregnancy. It begins by defining anaemia as a low red blood cell or haemoglobin level. It then outlines several dangers of anaemia during pregnancy for both the mother and fetus, such as risk of abortion, premature birth, and low birth weight. The document also reviews factors that can contribute to anaemia, such as the mother's age, parity, and nutritional status. In conclusion, it emphasizes the importance of public health efforts to prevent anaemia through counseling and education on healthy nutrition and infection prevention during pregnancy.
This document discusses the importance of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in saving women's lives during pregnancy and childbirth complications. It outlines eight key EmOC functions and describes basic and comprehensive EmOC facilities. Six process indicators are presented to monitor access, utilization and quality of EmOC services, including the number of facilities per population, proportion of births at facilities, and case fatality rates. Regular monitoring of these indicators can help identify issues and guide improvements to maternal healthcare.
1. The document discusses the routine care and special considerations for antenatal care (ANC) of pregnancies achieved through in vitro fertilization (IVF).
2. Special considerations for IVF pregnancies include increased risk of complications like ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancies, and genetic abnormalities which require specialized counseling and screening.
3. ANC for IVF pregnancies should be provided by specialists familiar with both obstetrics and IVF in order to monitor for pregnancy complications and provide psychosocial support related to fertility treatments.
Abstract—This study was aimed to find out relationship of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron levels with birth weight. Epidemiological observations are that Low birth weight babies i.e. weighing less than 2,500 grams, are approximately 20 times more likely to die than heavier babies. LBWs are more common in developing than developed countries. This study was conducted on 100 new born infant and their mother. Mothers of just delivered babies were investigated for assessing serum zinc, iron and copper levels on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Along with this cord blood samples of newborn delivered by these identified women were investigated for zinc, iron and copper levels. Simultaneously birth weight of newborns delivered by these mothers were assessed. Association of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron with birth weight of newborn was analyzed by unpaired student's’ test of significance. It was found in this study that maternal and newborn serum Zinc and Copper level were significantly lower and higher respectively in LBWs whereas serum Iron was not associated with birth weight of infants.
The presentation can be used for training of Doctors and Staff nurses on Emergency Obstetric care and MMR reduction strategies in Low Resource settings.
Maternal mortality remains a significant issue worldwide, with over 500,000 deaths annually. Through initiatives like the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths system, Malaysia has significantly reduced its maternal mortality rate from 540/100,000 live births in 1950 to 28.1/100,000 in 2000. Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in Malaysia, while medical conditions, sepsis, and hypertensive disorders also contribute substantially. Recommendations focus on increasing access to emergency care and transportation, improving provider training, and expanding family planning programs.
Report on sexual activity and contraceptive methods for female ( June 2014)W&S Market Research
Research Method : Quantitative - Online research
Fieldwork Period : May 2014
Sample size : 1,776 samples
Research area : Vietnam Nationwide
Respondent Criteria :
Female aged 16 and above
Number of Questions :
5 Screening questions and 32 Main Questions
Survey Content :
Screening
Gender, Age, Occupation, Marital Status, Current Living City
Main Study
Sex and sexuality education, First sexual intercourse, Sex life in the last 3 months and contraceptive methods, Daily and Emergency contraceptive pills
This document contains questions from an OSCE revision on obstetrics and gynecology. It includes questions about various clinical maneuvers, fetal positions, indications for procedures, abnormalities interpreted from graphs and images, and complications in labor and delivery. The document seeks to assess knowledge of key obstetrical and gynecological topics through a series of clinical case examples and diagnostic questions.
This document discusses anaemia during pregnancy. It begins by defining anaemia as a low red blood cell or haemoglobin level. It then outlines several dangers of anaemia during pregnancy for both the mother and fetus, such as risk of abortion, premature birth, and low birth weight. The document also reviews factors that can contribute to anaemia, such as the mother's age, parity, and nutritional status. In conclusion, it emphasizes the importance of public health efforts to prevent anaemia through counseling and education on healthy nutrition and infection prevention during pregnancy.
This document discusses the importance of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in saving women's lives during pregnancy and childbirth complications. It outlines eight key EmOC functions and describes basic and comprehensive EmOC facilities. Six process indicators are presented to monitor access, utilization and quality of EmOC services, including the number of facilities per population, proportion of births at facilities, and case fatality rates. Regular monitoring of these indicators can help identify issues and guide improvements to maternal healthcare.
1. The document discusses the routine care and special considerations for antenatal care (ANC) of pregnancies achieved through in vitro fertilization (IVF).
2. Special considerations for IVF pregnancies include increased risk of complications like ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancies, and genetic abnormalities which require specialized counseling and screening.
3. ANC for IVF pregnancies should be provided by specialists familiar with both obstetrics and IVF in order to monitor for pregnancy complications and provide psychosocial support related to fertility treatments.
Abstract—This study was aimed to find out relationship of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron levels with birth weight. Epidemiological observations are that Low birth weight babies i.e. weighing less than 2,500 grams, are approximately 20 times more likely to die than heavier babies. LBWs are more common in developing than developed countries. This study was conducted on 100 new born infant and their mother. Mothers of just delivered babies were investigated for assessing serum zinc, iron and copper levels on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Along with this cord blood samples of newborn delivered by these identified women were investigated for zinc, iron and copper levels. Simultaneously birth weight of newborns delivered by these mothers were assessed. Association of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron with birth weight of newborn was analyzed by unpaired student's’ test of significance. It was found in this study that maternal and newborn serum Zinc and Copper level were significantly lower and higher respectively in LBWs whereas serum Iron was not associated with birth weight of infants.
The presentation can be used for training of Doctors and Staff nurses on Emergency Obstetric care and MMR reduction strategies in Low Resource settings.
Maternal mortality remains a significant issue worldwide, with over 500,000 deaths annually. Through initiatives like the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths system, Malaysia has significantly reduced its maternal mortality rate from 540/100,000 live births in 1950 to 28.1/100,000 in 2000. Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in Malaysia, while medical conditions, sepsis, and hypertensive disorders also contribute substantially. Recommendations focus on increasing access to emergency care and transportation, improving provider training, and expanding family planning programs.
Report on sexual activity and contraceptive methods for female ( June 2014)W&S Market Research
Research Method : Quantitative - Online research
Fieldwork Period : May 2014
Sample size : 1,776 samples
Research area : Vietnam Nationwide
Respondent Criteria :
Female aged 16 and above
Number of Questions :
5 Screening questions and 32 Main Questions
Survey Content :
Screening
Gender, Age, Occupation, Marital Status, Current Living City
Main Study
Sex and sexuality education, First sexual intercourse, Sex life in the last 3 months and contraceptive methods, Daily and Emergency contraceptive pills
This document contains questions from an OSCE revision on obstetrics and gynecology. It includes questions about various clinical maneuvers, fetal positions, indications for procedures, abnormalities interpreted from graphs and images, and complications in labor and delivery. The document seeks to assess knowledge of key obstetrical and gynecological topics through a series of clinical case examples and diagnostic questions.
The document discusses Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) in Zambia. It notes that Zambia's maternal mortality rate of 398 deaths per 100,000 births in 2014 shows the neglect of women's health needs. EmONC aims to combat maternal deaths by providing emergency obstetric care at health centers (basic EmONC) and hospitals (comprehensive EmONC). The principles of EmONC include providing life-saving measures to prevent maternal and neonatal deaths and disabilities through skilled birth attendants trained in basic and comprehensive emergency functions.
Dr. S. Shantha Kumari presents an algorithmic approach for antenatal care during the third trimester of pregnancy from 28 weeks until labor and delivery. The algorithm proceeds in a step-by-step logical manner, reviewing past medical history and tests from the second trimester, and outlining checks and interventions to be completed at various gestational ages including nutrition, exercises, mental preparation, and monitoring for signs of preterm labor or other complications. The overall goal is to provide timely, evidence-based care that reduces risks and promotes a healthy pregnancy experience for mother and baby.
Obesity in pregnancy is now rampant and bringing about concern because of the associated morbidity and mortality both to the mother and child. All hands must be on deck to prevent and manage this condition and associated sequel.
Diagnostic approach and management of extrauterine pregnancyRustem Celami
An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that develops outside a woman's uterus. This happens when the fertilized egg from the ovary does not reach or implant itself normally in the uterus. Instead, the egg develops somewhere else in the abdomen. The products of this conception are abnormal and cannot develop into fetuses. Urine pregnancy test is often done by women itself once amenorrhea is present about 2 weeks of expected menstrual period, however, pregnancy blood test such Beta – human Chorionic Gonadotropin (BhCG) and ultrasound examination are the best tool of diagnosis. The most common place that ectopic pregnancy occurs is in one of the fallopian tubes, a so-called tubal pregnancy. These are the tubes that transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Ectopic pregnancies also can be found on the outside of the uterus, on the ovaries, or attached to the bowel. Most serious complication of an ectopic pregnancy is intra-abdominal hemorrhage. In the case of a tubal pregnancy, for example, as the products of conception continue to grow in the fallopian tube, the tube expands and eventually ruptures. This can be very dangerous because a large artery runs on the outside of each Fallopian tube. If the artery ruptures, the woman can bleed severely. Ectopic pregnancy is usually found in the first 5-10 weeks of pregnancy and is the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the first trimester of pregnancy in the USA. In Albania, we face difficulties not only in application of high technology of ultrasound machine in public health sector but unfortunately we are unable to perform BhCG in public health sector laboratories, such making not only challenge and even delay but an expensive process of diagnosis of this medical problem. In conclusion, since ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy, and comes with high risk of serious complication, early diagnosis of pregnancy location and its management is crucial in preventing medical complication.
1) The study examined the effects of a digital prenatal program called the Baby Care Program (BCP) on 512 first-time mothers. The BCP included mindfulness activities like meditation, yoga, music, and baby bonding exercises.
2) Results showed statistically significant benefits for mothers who used the BCP, including lower stress, better sleep, fewer preterm births and higher birth weights, compared to mothers who did not participate.
3) The BCP was found to help mothers develop a stronger bond with their babies, better manage nutrition and pregnancy symptoms, and have an overall healthier pregnancy experience.
This document provides guidelines for caring for pregnant women with COVID-19. It discusses that vertical transmission of COVID-19 from mother to baby is uncommon. It recommends continuing antenatal care with safety modifications and advises vaccination for pregnant women when risk of exposure is high. For pregnant women with COVID-19, it suggests treatments and monitoring based on symptoms and managing clinical deterioration. Guidelines are provided for intrapartum and postpartum care as well, including thromboprophylaxis. The overall goal is to provide care for both the health of the pregnant woman and baby while mitigating risk of COVID-19 transmission.
This document provides guidance on dental treatment and precautions during pregnancy. It discusses common oral health issues in pregnancy like gingivitis and increased tooth mobility. The first trimester is generally the best time for non-urgent dental work as the fetus is less developed. In the second trimester, treatment can cause discomfort but is usually safe. In the late third trimester, elective work should be avoided due to risks of supine hypotensive syndrome. The document also reviews risks of dental x-rays and various categories of medications that are either safe, require caution, or should be avoided during pregnancy.
Dental considerations in pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee & dr apurva mukhe...alka mukherjee
• Pregnancy is a dynamic physiological state which is evidenced by several transient changes. These can develop as various physical signs and symptoms that can affect the patients health, perceptions and interactions with others in the environment.
• The patients may not always understand the relevance of the adaptations of their bodies to the health of their fetuses. A gestational woman requires various levels of support throughout this time, such as medical monitoring or intervention, preventive care and physical and emotional assistance.
• The dental management of pregnant patients requires special attention.
• Dentists, for example, may delay certain elective procedures so that they coincide with the periods of pregnancy which are devoted to maturation versus organogenesis.
• At other times, the dental care professionals need to alter their normal pharmacological armamentarium to address the patients’ needs versus the foetal demands. Applying the basics of preventive dentistry at the primary level will broaden the scope of the prenatal care. Dentists should encourage all the patients of the childbearing ages to seek oral health counseling and examinations as soon as they learn that they are pregnant
This presentation is all about the epidemiology of stillbirths, in India. It talks about the different challenges in controlling the stillbirths and the strategies of controlling it. The INAP guideline of Government of India, which is a stepping stone for controlling stillbirths in India, is also discussed here.
The document discusses changing practices in obstetrics and midwifery care based on evidence from clinical research and methodology developments. It provides examples of beneficial practices that are evidence-based, such as active management of the third stage of labor, as well as practices of unknown effectiveness or practices likely to be ineffective or harmful. The document advocates for promoting quality care using evidence-based guidelines and recommendations.
Oral surgery during pregnancy
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy
Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surg.
Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar University
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which a fetus develops inside a woman's uterus. Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters. The common belief has been that, if an oral surgery procedure is recommended, but it’s not an emergency, the second trimester is the ideal time. Pregnancy however, is not a disease and pregnant woman should not be treated differently than the general population. In short, it could be concluded that:
• Dental care is safe and essential during pregnancy
• Pregnancy is not a reason to defer routine dental care or treatment
• Diagnostic measures, including needed dental x-rays, can be undertaken safely
• Emergency care should be provided at any time during pregnancy
The document summarizes dental management considerations for treating pregnant patients. It discusses the physical, physiological, and psychological changes that occur during pregnancy and how they may impact dental treatment. Key points addressed include limiting routine x-rays and non-emergency procedures in the first trimester, focusing on hygiene and necessary treatment in the second trimester when risk is lowest, and providing only emergency care in the third trimester due to patient discomfort. Goals of treatment are to develop efficient care that maintains safety for both the mother and developing fetus.
How to get pregnant immediately increase your fertility with these good tips...youcefAyachi1
1. The document provides 11 tips for increasing fertility and getting pregnant quickly, as compiled from fertility specialists. It details each tip, including tracking menstrual cycles and ovulation, having sex every other day during the fertile window, maintaining a healthy weight, taking prenatal vitamins, eating healthy foods, reducing strenuous exercise, being aware of declining fertility with age, and quitting smoking and drinking alcohol.
2. It recommends seeing a fertility specialist if unable to get pregnant within 6 months for women over 35 or within a year for younger women.
3. Tracking cycles and ovulation, timing intercourse, adopting a healthy lifestyle and consulting experts can help maximize chances of conception.
This document provides information about a seminar on abortion submitted by Ms. B. Blessy Madhuri. The seminar's objectives are to provide an in-depth understanding of abortion and its management. It will define abortion, describe the incidence of abortion in India and worldwide, classify the different types of abortion, and explain the causes and management of various types including spontaneous, threatened, inevitable, complete, incomplete, missed, septic, and recurrent abortions. It will also cover medical termination of pregnancy procedures and complications, as well as the role of midwives in post-abortion care.
This document provides information about sex education for teenagers. It discusses the importance of sex education for adolescents and covers topics like secondary sexual characteristics, human anatomy, sexually transmitted diseases, contraception and abstinence. The document aims to educate youth about their changing bodies and ensure they are informed to act responsibly regarding sex.
The document discusses maternal mortality and morbidity. It defines maternal mortality as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from any cause related to the pregnancy. The global maternal mortality ratio has declined but there remains a large gap between developing and developed countries. The five main causes of maternal death are hemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, hypertension, and obstructed labor. Maternal mortality can be prevented by increasing access to emergency obstetric care, safe abortion services, and improving health infrastructure in remote areas. Maternal morbidity refers to any illness or disability resulting from pregnancy and childbirth.
This document discusses anemia prophylaxis programs. It defines anemia and its classifications according to WHO. Globally, anemia affects 30% of people, and 40-90% in developing countries and India. The main causes of increased anemia incidence are poor iron balance pre-pregnancy, improper iron supplementation during pregnancy, repeated childbirths, low socioeconomic status, and infections. Anemia can lead to complications in pregnancy like preterm labor, and complications during labor like postpartum hemorrhage. National programs provide iron and folic acid supplementation to pregnant and lactating women, and children aged 6-60 months. The guidelines recommend expanding the program to include infants aged 6-12 months, school-aged
Optimization of ovarian stimulation to improve success rate in ‘ART’Apollo Hospitals
ART is defined as the technique used where there is a need for in-vitro preparation or manipulation of gametes. The commonest ARTs are intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Ovarian stimulation is required with these procedures to increase the pregnancy rate as ART with natural cycle has a very low pregnancy rate. Optimizing pregnancy rates per cycle is the real basis for ovarian stimulation protocols in ART.
Dental Procedure (Tooth extraction) During Pregnancy.pptxssuserd85ab4
During pregnancy, dental procedures like tooth extractions may be needed. While surgical procedures are generally delayed until delivery if possible, tooth extractions during pregnancy are common. It is important for dentists to be aware of the physiological changes during pregnancy that can affect dental treatment. With proper precautions and using antibiotics and local anesthetics that are considered safe during pregnancy, tooth extractions can be performed to prevent further dental issues.
The document discusses the high prevalence of anemia in India, especially among pregnant women and children. It notes that over 90% of pregnant women in India are anemic. Maternal anemia is associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity for both mother and child. National programs aimed at anemia prevention and treatment through iron and folic acid supplementation have had limited effectiveness due to problems with implementation including lack of screening and irregular consumption of supplements.
The document discusses Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) in Zambia. It notes that Zambia's maternal mortality rate of 398 deaths per 100,000 births in 2014 shows the neglect of women's health needs. EmONC aims to combat maternal deaths by providing emergency obstetric care at health centers (basic EmONC) and hospitals (comprehensive EmONC). The principles of EmONC include providing life-saving measures to prevent maternal and neonatal deaths and disabilities through skilled birth attendants trained in basic and comprehensive emergency functions.
Dr. S. Shantha Kumari presents an algorithmic approach for antenatal care during the third trimester of pregnancy from 28 weeks until labor and delivery. The algorithm proceeds in a step-by-step logical manner, reviewing past medical history and tests from the second trimester, and outlining checks and interventions to be completed at various gestational ages including nutrition, exercises, mental preparation, and monitoring for signs of preterm labor or other complications. The overall goal is to provide timely, evidence-based care that reduces risks and promotes a healthy pregnancy experience for mother and baby.
Obesity in pregnancy is now rampant and bringing about concern because of the associated morbidity and mortality both to the mother and child. All hands must be on deck to prevent and manage this condition and associated sequel.
Diagnostic approach and management of extrauterine pregnancyRustem Celami
An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that develops outside a woman's uterus. This happens when the fertilized egg from the ovary does not reach or implant itself normally in the uterus. Instead, the egg develops somewhere else in the abdomen. The products of this conception are abnormal and cannot develop into fetuses. Urine pregnancy test is often done by women itself once amenorrhea is present about 2 weeks of expected menstrual period, however, pregnancy blood test such Beta – human Chorionic Gonadotropin (BhCG) and ultrasound examination are the best tool of diagnosis. The most common place that ectopic pregnancy occurs is in one of the fallopian tubes, a so-called tubal pregnancy. These are the tubes that transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Ectopic pregnancies also can be found on the outside of the uterus, on the ovaries, or attached to the bowel. Most serious complication of an ectopic pregnancy is intra-abdominal hemorrhage. In the case of a tubal pregnancy, for example, as the products of conception continue to grow in the fallopian tube, the tube expands and eventually ruptures. This can be very dangerous because a large artery runs on the outside of each Fallopian tube. If the artery ruptures, the woman can bleed severely. Ectopic pregnancy is usually found in the first 5-10 weeks of pregnancy and is the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the first trimester of pregnancy in the USA. In Albania, we face difficulties not only in application of high technology of ultrasound machine in public health sector but unfortunately we are unable to perform BhCG in public health sector laboratories, such making not only challenge and even delay but an expensive process of diagnosis of this medical problem. In conclusion, since ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy, and comes with high risk of serious complication, early diagnosis of pregnancy location and its management is crucial in preventing medical complication.
1) The study examined the effects of a digital prenatal program called the Baby Care Program (BCP) on 512 first-time mothers. The BCP included mindfulness activities like meditation, yoga, music, and baby bonding exercises.
2) Results showed statistically significant benefits for mothers who used the BCP, including lower stress, better sleep, fewer preterm births and higher birth weights, compared to mothers who did not participate.
3) The BCP was found to help mothers develop a stronger bond with their babies, better manage nutrition and pregnancy symptoms, and have an overall healthier pregnancy experience.
This document provides guidelines for caring for pregnant women with COVID-19. It discusses that vertical transmission of COVID-19 from mother to baby is uncommon. It recommends continuing antenatal care with safety modifications and advises vaccination for pregnant women when risk of exposure is high. For pregnant women with COVID-19, it suggests treatments and monitoring based on symptoms and managing clinical deterioration. Guidelines are provided for intrapartum and postpartum care as well, including thromboprophylaxis. The overall goal is to provide care for both the health of the pregnant woman and baby while mitigating risk of COVID-19 transmission.
This document provides guidance on dental treatment and precautions during pregnancy. It discusses common oral health issues in pregnancy like gingivitis and increased tooth mobility. The first trimester is generally the best time for non-urgent dental work as the fetus is less developed. In the second trimester, treatment can cause discomfort but is usually safe. In the late third trimester, elective work should be avoided due to risks of supine hypotensive syndrome. The document also reviews risks of dental x-rays and various categories of medications that are either safe, require caution, or should be avoided during pregnancy.
Dental considerations in pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee & dr apurva mukhe...alka mukherjee
• Pregnancy is a dynamic physiological state which is evidenced by several transient changes. These can develop as various physical signs and symptoms that can affect the patients health, perceptions and interactions with others in the environment.
• The patients may not always understand the relevance of the adaptations of their bodies to the health of their fetuses. A gestational woman requires various levels of support throughout this time, such as medical monitoring or intervention, preventive care and physical and emotional assistance.
• The dental management of pregnant patients requires special attention.
• Dentists, for example, may delay certain elective procedures so that they coincide with the periods of pregnancy which are devoted to maturation versus organogenesis.
• At other times, the dental care professionals need to alter their normal pharmacological armamentarium to address the patients’ needs versus the foetal demands. Applying the basics of preventive dentistry at the primary level will broaden the scope of the prenatal care. Dentists should encourage all the patients of the childbearing ages to seek oral health counseling and examinations as soon as they learn that they are pregnant
This presentation is all about the epidemiology of stillbirths, in India. It talks about the different challenges in controlling the stillbirths and the strategies of controlling it. The INAP guideline of Government of India, which is a stepping stone for controlling stillbirths in India, is also discussed here.
The document discusses changing practices in obstetrics and midwifery care based on evidence from clinical research and methodology developments. It provides examples of beneficial practices that are evidence-based, such as active management of the third stage of labor, as well as practices of unknown effectiveness or practices likely to be ineffective or harmful. The document advocates for promoting quality care using evidence-based guidelines and recommendations.
Oral surgery during pregnancy
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy
Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surg.
Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar University
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which a fetus develops inside a woman's uterus. Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters. The common belief has been that, if an oral surgery procedure is recommended, but it’s not an emergency, the second trimester is the ideal time. Pregnancy however, is not a disease and pregnant woman should not be treated differently than the general population. In short, it could be concluded that:
• Dental care is safe and essential during pregnancy
• Pregnancy is not a reason to defer routine dental care or treatment
• Diagnostic measures, including needed dental x-rays, can be undertaken safely
• Emergency care should be provided at any time during pregnancy
The document summarizes dental management considerations for treating pregnant patients. It discusses the physical, physiological, and psychological changes that occur during pregnancy and how they may impact dental treatment. Key points addressed include limiting routine x-rays and non-emergency procedures in the first trimester, focusing on hygiene and necessary treatment in the second trimester when risk is lowest, and providing only emergency care in the third trimester due to patient discomfort. Goals of treatment are to develop efficient care that maintains safety for both the mother and developing fetus.
How to get pregnant immediately increase your fertility with these good tips...youcefAyachi1
1. The document provides 11 tips for increasing fertility and getting pregnant quickly, as compiled from fertility specialists. It details each tip, including tracking menstrual cycles and ovulation, having sex every other day during the fertile window, maintaining a healthy weight, taking prenatal vitamins, eating healthy foods, reducing strenuous exercise, being aware of declining fertility with age, and quitting smoking and drinking alcohol.
2. It recommends seeing a fertility specialist if unable to get pregnant within 6 months for women over 35 or within a year for younger women.
3. Tracking cycles and ovulation, timing intercourse, adopting a healthy lifestyle and consulting experts can help maximize chances of conception.
This document provides information about a seminar on abortion submitted by Ms. B. Blessy Madhuri. The seminar's objectives are to provide an in-depth understanding of abortion and its management. It will define abortion, describe the incidence of abortion in India and worldwide, classify the different types of abortion, and explain the causes and management of various types including spontaneous, threatened, inevitable, complete, incomplete, missed, septic, and recurrent abortions. It will also cover medical termination of pregnancy procedures and complications, as well as the role of midwives in post-abortion care.
This document provides information about sex education for teenagers. It discusses the importance of sex education for adolescents and covers topics like secondary sexual characteristics, human anatomy, sexually transmitted diseases, contraception and abstinence. The document aims to educate youth about their changing bodies and ensure they are informed to act responsibly regarding sex.
The document discusses maternal mortality and morbidity. It defines maternal mortality as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from any cause related to the pregnancy. The global maternal mortality ratio has declined but there remains a large gap between developing and developed countries. The five main causes of maternal death are hemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, hypertension, and obstructed labor. Maternal mortality can be prevented by increasing access to emergency obstetric care, safe abortion services, and improving health infrastructure in remote areas. Maternal morbidity refers to any illness or disability resulting from pregnancy and childbirth.
This document discusses anemia prophylaxis programs. It defines anemia and its classifications according to WHO. Globally, anemia affects 30% of people, and 40-90% in developing countries and India. The main causes of increased anemia incidence are poor iron balance pre-pregnancy, improper iron supplementation during pregnancy, repeated childbirths, low socioeconomic status, and infections. Anemia can lead to complications in pregnancy like preterm labor, and complications during labor like postpartum hemorrhage. National programs provide iron and folic acid supplementation to pregnant and lactating women, and children aged 6-60 months. The guidelines recommend expanding the program to include infants aged 6-12 months, school-aged
Optimization of ovarian stimulation to improve success rate in ‘ART’Apollo Hospitals
ART is defined as the technique used where there is a need for in-vitro preparation or manipulation of gametes. The commonest ARTs are intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Ovarian stimulation is required with these procedures to increase the pregnancy rate as ART with natural cycle has a very low pregnancy rate. Optimizing pregnancy rates per cycle is the real basis for ovarian stimulation protocols in ART.
Dental Procedure (Tooth extraction) During Pregnancy.pptxssuserd85ab4
During pregnancy, dental procedures like tooth extractions may be needed. While surgical procedures are generally delayed until delivery if possible, tooth extractions during pregnancy are common. It is important for dentists to be aware of the physiological changes during pregnancy that can affect dental treatment. With proper precautions and using antibiotics and local anesthetics that are considered safe during pregnancy, tooth extractions can be performed to prevent further dental issues.
The document discusses the high prevalence of anemia in India, especially among pregnant women and children. It notes that over 90% of pregnant women in India are anemic. Maternal anemia is associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity for both mother and child. National programs aimed at anemia prevention and treatment through iron and folic acid supplementation have had limited effectiveness due to problems with implementation including lack of screening and irregular consumption of supplements.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to poor growth of a baby in the womb. It can be caused by poor maternal nutrition, lack of oxygen to the fetus, or other maternal/placental/fetal factors. IUGR babies are small for their gestational age and classified as symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical IUGR involves reduced cell number and affects all organs, while asymmetrical IUGR involves cellular hypertrophy and disproportionately affects the body. IUGR increases risks for the baby including hypoglycemia, respiratory issues, and long term health problems. Management depends on severity and includes improving nutrition, bed rest, and timing of delivery.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
This document provides information about intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). It begins with general and specific objectives of the topic. IUGR is defined as fetal growth restriction, and can be classified as symmetrical or asymmetrical based on onset and organ size. Causes include maternal, fetal, placental and unknown factors. Diagnosis involves ultrasound to measure head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length and amniotic fluid. Complications for the fetus include hypoxia, acidosis, hypoglycemia and multi-organ failure. Long term risks include delayed development and metabolic syndrome in adulthood.
Anemia is prevalent among pregnant women, especially in developing countries. It can lead to health issues for both mother and baby like preterm birth. Providing community education to pregnant women on foods rich in iron and other nutrients may help reduce anemia and its risks. However, more evidence is still needed on the effectiveness of such educational interventions. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of community education in improving diets and reducing anemia and preterm birth rates among pregnant women.
This document discusses mother and child health care. It covers several key topics in 3 sentences or less:
Maternal health problems in developing countries include reducing mortality, promoting nutrition and health practices. Main health issues are malnutrition, infection, and effects of uncontrolled fertility. Proper antenatal care including nutrition, rest, exercise and checkups is important to achieve a healthy mother and baby.
This document discusses normal versus abnormal modes of delivery, specifically focusing on cesarean section rates. It provides statistics on global and Lebanese cesarean section rates, noting that Lebanese rates have risen dramatically in recent decades to over 40% currently. The document explores various factors contributing to increasing cesarean rates, such as financial incentives, malpractice concerns, and lack of labor preparation. It also reviews potential adverse effects of cesarean section on infant health outcomes like respiratory issues, microbiome disturbance, and increased risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. Solutions proposed to reduce unnecessary cesarean sections include implementing national guidelines, improving prenatal education, and promoting vaginal birth after cesarean.
This document discusses intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), also known as fetal growth restriction. It defines IUGR as a fetus being at or below the 10th percentile for weight based on gestational age. The document covers causes of IUGR including maternal, fetal, placental and unknown factors. It discusses methods for diagnosing and monitoring IUGR pregnancies, including ultrasound, biophysical profile and Doppler of the umbilical artery. Treatment options presented include bed rest, aspirin therapy, nutritional supplementation and deciding on optimal delivery timing balancing prematurity risks versus risks of remaining in the hostile uterine environment.
This document discusses strategies for preventing fetal macrosomia. It begins by defining fetal macrosomia as a birth weight over 4000g or above the 90th percentile for gestational age. Factors that can cause macrosomia include maternal diabetes, obesity, excessive weight gain, and diets high in calories, sugar, or glycemic index. Macrosomia poses risks for prolonged labor, maternal and neonatal injuries, and cesarean section. The document reviews studies on using low glycemic index diets and extracts from alligator pepper to reduce weight gain and blood sugar levels in pregnant women at risk of macrosomia. It suggests further research is needed to validate prevention strategies and develop targeted protections.
Pregnancy is about giving birth to a new life. Information on pregnancy ,early signs of pregnancy and precautionary measures during pregnancy is given on this website.
This document provides an overview of obstructed labor, including its definition, epidemiology, causes, clinical features, and management. Obstructed labor is defined as the failure of the fetus to descend through the birth canal due to an obstruction, and is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide, responsible for about 8% of maternal deaths. It is most commonly caused by a contracted pelvis, cephalopelvic disproportion, or large fetal size. Clinical features may include maternal exhaustion, dehydration, tachycardia, and foul-smelling breath. Management involves relieving the obstruction through measures such as assisted delivery or cesarean section to prevent complications for both mother and baby.
IVF Pregnancy -Is it different? A presentation by Dr Laxmi Shrikhande the leading IVF specialist in India
IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) pregnancy can be both similar to and different from natural conception in several ways. In IVF, fertilization of the egg occurs outside the body in a laboratory setting, typically involving the extraction of eggs from the ovaries and combining them with sperm in a petri dish. Once fertilization is successful, the resulting embryos are transferred to the uterus for implantation
The document discusses the high prevalence of anemia in India, especially among pregnant women. It notes that national anemia prevention programs have faced challenges in implementation, such as lack of screening and monitoring of iron supplementation. The document outlines opportunities in India's 11th five-year plan to address this issue through affordable interventions like iron fortification, screening pregnant women for anemia, and improving access to oral or injectable iron therapies through the primary healthcare system.
The document discusses the high prevalence of anemia in India, especially among pregnant women. It notes that anemia is a major cause of maternal mortality in India, contributing to 20-25% of maternal deaths globally. National programs to prevent and treat anemia have had problems with implementation, including lack of screening, irregular consumption of iron supplements, and failure to reach many pregnant women. Improving programs remains an ongoing challenge.
This study analyzed data from over 15,000 infants in the UK Millennium Cohort Study to examine the relationship between breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrhea and respiratory infections in the first 8 months of life. The results showed that exclusive breastfeeding, compared to no breastfeeding, was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for both diarrhea and respiratory infections after adjusting for various confounding factors. Partial breastfeeding also showed a protective effect, but it was weaker than exclusive breastfeeding. The protective effects of breastfeeding decreased after breastfeeding cessation. The study suggests that increased rates of exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding could significantly reduce hospitalizations in the UK.
This document discusses blunt trauma in pregnancy. It covers the demographics of trauma in pregnancy, noting that trauma is the leading cause of non-obstetric maternal death. It also discusses the anatomy changes that occur during pregnancy and how that impacts maternal physiology, such as increased blood volume and cardiac output. The document outlines special considerations for the initial resuscitation and assessment of a pregnant trauma patient, including early gastric decompression due to decreased gastric motility and positioning to avoid compressing the vena cava.
This document summarizes a study on bacterial contamination found in powdered infant formula. The key points are:
- Testing found that over 50% of powdered formula samples from 35 countries were contaminated with Enterobacteria bacteria.
- Several outbreaks of illness in neonatal intensive care units were linked to formula contaminated with Salmonella or Enterobacter sakazakii bacteria before the formula was opened.
- In response, some formula brands recalled batches and health authorities issued safety warnings, but more needs to be done to inform consumers directly of the risks and encourage stricter manufacturing practices.
Este documento parece ser una lista de nombres y direcciones. Contiene más de 200 entradas con los nombres de personas y parejas, seguidos de sus direcciones. Las direcciones incluyen nombres de calles, pueblos y ciudades en Indonesia.
Proposal ini meminta dana sebesar Rp1.750.000 untuk seragam, biaya pendaftaran, dan konsumsi tim sepak bola Garlo FC dalam mengikuti turnamen di Laiworu pada 3 Maret 2017 guna mengembangkan bakat pemuda dan memajukan sepak bola di masyarakat.
Surat pernyataan yang berisi 10 poin pernyataan dari Lilis Fitra Saswati Arsil tentang statusnya yang tidak pernah dihukum, diberhentikan tidak hormat, menjadi calon pegawai, menjadi pengurus partai, terikat kerja, bersedia tidak menikah dan ditempatkan di seluruh Indonesia, serta bersedia mengembalikan biaya seleksi dan pelatihan jika mengundurkan diri.
Surat pernyataan yang ditandatangani oleh Fajar Aswati yang menyatakan bahwa dirinya tidak pernah dihukum, diberhentikan tidak hormat, menjadi calon pegawai negeri, menjadi pengurus partai politik, sedang terikat kontrak kerja, bersedia tidak menikah selama 6 bulan, ditempatkan di seluruh Indonesia, mengembalikan biaya seleksi jika mengundurkan diri, dan mengganti biaya enam kali lipat jika mengundurkan
This document contains reports from midwives at the Paramata Raha Midwifery Academy in Muna Regency on their targets for antenatal care, infant care, postnatal care, and family planning in 2017. The reports provide the midwife's name, student ID number, and academic institution for each of their assigned targets.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang makromolekul yang terdiri dari berbagai jenis seperti karbohidrat, lipid, dan protein. Karbohidrat dibagi menjadi monosakarida, disakarida, dan polisakarida. Lipid terdiri dari lemak, fosfolipid, dan steroid. Sedangkan protein tersusun atas kombinasi asam amino yang dihubungkan oleh ikatan peptida. Ketiga makromolekul ini memainkan peran penting dalam struktur dan metabolisme sel.
Pemimpin perlu memahami karakteristik karyawan sesuai teori X, Y, dan Z McGregor. Teori X mengasumsikan karyawan malas, teori Y mengasumsikan karyawan akan bekerja keras jika kondisinya tepat, teori Z menekankan partisipasi karyawan. Pemimpin harus mengembangkan kompetensi karyawan untuk meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan. Membangun budaya kepemimpinan penting agar kaderisasi terj
Tes akhir semester mata pelajaran Seni Budaya di SMK Kelautan dan Perikanan Raha meliputi berbagai aspek seni seperti seni rupa, musik, tari, dan drama. Soal-soalnya mencakup pengetahuan tentang sejarah seni, tokoh-tokoh seniman, unsur-unsur karya seni, dan fungsi seni dalam kehidupan. Ujian ini dimaksudkan untuk menilai pemahaman siswa terhadap berbagai aspek seni.
1. Karsinoma tulang adalah pertumbuhan sel ganas abnormal pada tulang dan jaringan terkaitnya.
2. Penyebabnya belum jelas tetapi kemungkinan termasuk genetik, radiasi, bahan kimia, dan trauma.
3. Gejalanya berupa nyeri tulang, bengkak, dan fraktur patologis yang dapat menyebar ke organ lain.
Undangan sosialisasi program tanaman jagung kuning kecamatan Lasalepa yang akan diselenggarakan pada tanggal 7 Maret 2017 pukul 09.00 di Balai Pertemuan Desa Labone. Kehadiran para tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama, kelompok tani, dan aparat desa sangat diharapkan.
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central19various
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Prevace 2
1. PREFACE
Praises thanks presence of ALLAH SWT, which has
given strength and opportunity to us, so that this handing out can
be finalized with time which in expects although in the form of a
real simple, where this handing out studies about " anaemia at
pregnancy" and presumably this handing out can increase our
knowledge especially about how and is danger of disease Anemia
Pada Kehamilan.
With existence of handing out ini,mudah-mudahan can
assist increasing the read enthusiasm and friends learning we also
hopes all can know and comprehends about this matter, because
will increase quality of our individual.
We hardly realizes that in making of this handing out still
hardly minim,sehingga suggestion from instructor lecturer and
criticism from all party(sides we still expect for the shake of repair
of this report. We render thanks to all party(sides which has
assisted us in finalizing this handing out.
Raha, September2013
Penitrogen u levator scapula isulfur
2. CHAPTER I
ANTECEDENT
A. Reasoning Of Problem
Anaemia number at pregnancy in Indonesia enough heights
around 67% from all pregnant mothers with various depend on
each area. Around 10-15% pertained weight anaemia which has of
course will influence growing foetus flower in womb ( Manuaba,
I.B.G, 2002 things 90).
Anaemia in pregnancy is one of health problem which many
experienced and enough heights ranging from 10-20% ( Sarwono
Prawiharjo, 2005 things 450 ).
According To WHO case of anaemia when pregnancy ranges
from 20% until 89% by specifying HB 11 gr % as its(the base.
Pregnancy anaemia number in Indonesia shows value that is
enough is height. ( Manuaba.I.B.G, the 29 ).
According to national health system ( SKN ) the year 2001
anaemia numbers at pregnant mother equal to 40%, this condition
tells that anaemia enough heights in Indonesia if(when in
approximating in the year 2003-2010 anaemia prevalences still
above 40% hence mother mortality 18000 pertahun caused by
haemorrhage after delivering birth. This thing seen from height of
mother mortality ( ACCUMULATOR) in South-East Asia in the
year 2005 that is shifting 290,8 per 100000 life births. ( anonim,
2010).
Factor having an effect on to case of this anaemia is ; less gizi,
besides anaemia at pregnant mother is caused by recuring
pregnancy in a short time, mother ferrum reserve actually recovery
has not, cleansed by need of foetus which in containing the next.
3. Height of anaemia befalling pregnant mother gives impact
negative to foetus which in containing from mother in pregnancy,
copy and also child bed which among others will born body
weighing foetus to born low ( BBLR), partus premature, abortus,
haemorrahage of post partum, old partus and shock. This thing the
relates to many factor inter alia ; status gizi, age, education, and
work ( Sarwono Prawirohardjo, 2005 things. 450
B. Problem Formula
1. What image of Anemia at pregnant mother according to
pregnant
mother age in Public Hospital Haji Makassar in the year
2009.
2. What image of Anemia at pregnant mother according to
Paritas in Public Hospital Haji Makassar the year 2009.
C. Purpose Of Research
1. General purpose To obtain image of Anemia at pregnant
mother in
Public Hospital Haji Makassar Tahun 2009.
2. Purpose Of Special
a. To obtain image of anaemia at pregnant mother according
to age.
b. To obtain image of anaemia at pregnant mother according
to parity.
D. Research Benefit
1. Practical Benefit
As one of information source for policy determinant and
execution of program for Instansi Depertemen especially Hospital (
4. RSU) Haji Makassar in compiling planning program to relate to
prevention effort of anaemia at pregnancy mother.
2. Research Benefit
This research expected to become information source and
enrichs science repertoire and reference material for researcher
hereinafter.
3. Benefit for Peneliti
Result of this research is scientific experience of which can
increase knowledge and adds knowledge about anaemia at
pregnancy mother.
4. Benefit for Institusi
Result of this research expected able to be dimamfaatkan as
valuable information about pregnant mother anaemia especially in
developing gynecology
5. CHAPTER II
BOOK REVIEW
A. Review About Anaemia At Ms. Pregnancy
1. Understanding of Anaemia According To The Experts
a. Anaemia is a situation where haemoglobin rate below(under
11 gr % at trismester I and II or haemoglobin rate less than
10,5 gr % at trimester II ( Saifuddin. A. B. 2001 things 281 ).
b. Anaemia in pregnancy is condition where haemoglobin rate
less than 10 gr / 100 ml ( Wiknjaksatro, 2002. The 405 ).
c. Anaemia is Kondisi where the lessen of corpuscle
merah(eritrosit) in
circulation of blood or haemoglobin mass so that unable to
fulfill
its(the function as oxygen carrier keseluruh
jaringan(Wasnidar,
2007hal 20).
2. Patofisiologi
During pregnancy happened improvement of blood volume (
hypervolemia). Hypervolemia is result from improvement of
plasma volume and erythrocyte ( red blood cell) is staying in body
but this uneven improvement that is its(the improvement plasma
volume far bigger so that member effect that is concentration of
haemoglobin decreases out of 12 g/100 ml. ( Sarwono,2002 the
450-451).
Blood thinning ( hemodilusi) at pregnant mother often
happened with improvement of plasma volume 30%-40%,
improvement of corpuscle 18%-30% and haemoglobin 19%.
Physiologically hemodilusi to assist lightens heart job(activity.
Hemodulusi happened since pregnancy of 10 weeks and
reachs its(the top at pregnancy of 32-36 weeks. If(when mother
6. haemoglobin before pregnancy shifts 11 gr% hence with the
happening of hemodilusi will result physiological pregnancy
anaemia and mother HB will become 9,5-10 gr %
3. Kinds of anaemias ( Sarwono,2006hal 451)
a. Iron Deficiencies Anaemi
Anaemia that is very often in meeting which in causing for
want of element of ferrum in food, because imbibition trouble,
losing of secretory ferrum from body causing haemorrhage.
b. Megaloblastic anaemia
Anaemia because acid deficiencies folik, very rare because
this tightly B Hal vitamin deficiencies of its(the relationship with
food deficiencies.
c. Hipoplastic Anaemia
Because of by sum-sum indigent bone makes new blood cells.
Hipoplastic anaemia etiology because pregnancy up to now is
known categorically, except which caused by sepsis, roentgen
rays, poison and drugs.
5. Sign and Gejala Anemia ( Varney Helen, 2002, Thing. 152 )
The lessen of concentration of haemoglobin during the
pregnancy results suplay oxygen keseluruh body network
decreases causing sign and anaemia symptom in general, as
follows : Light, sleepy, confused, fatigue, malaise, headache,
appetite downwards, queasy and puking, concentration of losing
and short breath ( at hard yng anaemia ).
At pemerikasaan of marking and anaemia symptom can cover
: pale skin, mucosa, gum, and my kuku-ku am pale finger, slow
takikardi/murmut ( at hard anaemia ), hair shaped and fragile nail (
at hard anaemia ) as well as smooth tongue ( at hard anaemia ).
6. Anaemia Influence at Kehamilan, Persalinan, Child bed,
and Janin ( Manuaba, 1998. Thing. 31-32 ).
7. a. Danger Of Anaemia in Pregnancy
1. Risk happened abortus
2. Copy permaturus
3. Resistance grows foetus flower in womb
4. Easy to become infection
5. Decompensation threat kordis ( HB < 6 gr %)
b. Danger Of Anaemia in Copy
1. Strength trouble his
2. Scorpion firstly can take place stripper, and happened partus is
unemployed [by]
3. Scorpion two taking place stripper causing can tire and often
requires
action of operation of midwifery.
4. Scorpion three earning in following retensio placenta and
haemorrhage
of post partum because atonia uteri.
5. Scorpion four can happened haemorrhage of post partum
secondary
and atonia uteri.
c. Danger of anaemia in a period of child bed
1. Haemorrhage of post partum because atonia uteri and
involusio uteri
facilitates infection puerperium
2. Expenditure of ASI decreases
3. Happened decompensation of sudden kordis after copy
4. Easy to happened infection mammae
d. Danger of anaemia to foetus
8. Even if seems to foetus can permeate various perfections
from its(the mother, but with anaemia will lessen ability of
metabolism body causing disturbs growth and development of
foetus in womb. Anaemia effect can happened trouble and form :
1. Abortus
2. Happened death intra uteri
3. High prematurity copy
4. Body weight borns low ( BBLR)
5. Birth with anaemia
6. Can happened is inviable
7. Prone baby of infection until perinatal death
8. Low intelengensi, because of oxygen defiency and nutrition
pursuing
foetus growth
6. Diagnosa anaemia
Diagnosa anaemia in pregnancy earns in upholding with :
a. Anamnese
At anemnese will be got fatigue sigh, often confused, eye is
having firefly - firefly and nausea sigh, heavier puking at young
pregnancy. ( Manuaba, I.B.G, 1998,hal30). If(when there is light
sigh, Seems to be turning pale, pingsan,sementara easy to within
measure normal, hence need to be suspected anaemia defesiensi
ferrum ( Saifuddin AB, 2002 hal282 ).
b. inspection of Blood
Inspection of HB blood and edge blood will give first
impression. Inspection of HB with Spektofotometri is standard,
difficulty was this equipment only available in town.
7. Prevention and handling Anemia
a. Prevention of Anaemia
To avoid the happening of anaemia is better if pregnant
mother does inspection before pregnancy causing earns in
9. knowing health basic data of the mother, in inspection of health in
accompanying inspection of laboratory is including inspection of
faeces so that in knowing existence of infeksiparasit. ( Manuaba, I.
B. G. 1998, hal30)
b. Handling at Anemia as follows :
1. Light Anaemia
At pregnancy with HB rate 9-10 gr% still in assumes is light so
that only needs in requires combination 60 mg/hari ferrum and 500
folic acid magnesiums peroral once one day. ( Arisman, 2004
Things. 150 - 151 ).
2. Medium Anaemia
Therapy earns in strarting with preparat iron feros 600-1000
mg/hari like sulphate ferosus or glukonas ferosus.
( Wiknjosastro, 2005 Things. 452 ).
3. Heavy Anaemia
Giving of preparat iron 60 magnesiums and folic acid 400
magnesiums, 6 month of during pregnancy, continued until 3
month of after delivering birth. ( Arisman, 2004 things 153 ).
Status gizi is assessed based on calculation Antropometri WHO
NCHS ( National Center Of Health Statistic ), that is measurement
and various dimensions physical of body like west to age ( BB/U),
body height to age ( TB/U) and body weight to body height to body
height ( BB/TB) and in grouping. According to classification of
Indonesia Department of Public Health becomes ugly gizi ( BB/U <
60 %), gizi is less ( BB/U 60-80%) and gizi is more ( BB/U >
110%).
Ms. pregnancy requires number of big relative nutrients. This thing
relates to growth of foetus in content. improvement of
Requirement of this nutrient especially in the form of vitamin B1, (
Thiamin), Vitami E2 ( Riboflapin), Vitamin A,D and B1, Mineral,La,
and Fe.
10. Condition of gizi and komsumsi less pregnancy mother will cause
anaemia and influential to condition of foetus and baby which in
delivering birth. Insuffiency of gizi at the time of pregnancy will
generate difficulties. Therefore, sufficiency of gizi suggested by
pregnancy mother baby must can fufilled. ( Hadju Veni, 2004
things 11 ).
B. Review About Factor Relating To Anaemia
1. Age
Mother age was time depth lived or since borne [by] until the
mother is pregnancy. There is many things causing the happening
of various komplikasi during pregnancy between it is mother age
at the time of pregnancy. If mother age under age that is age less
than 20 years, in physical and optimal underdeveloped flank
causing can result painfulness risk and death of during pregnancy,
where at the age of less than 20 years fear mother happened
change at its(the body posture or fat fear. Ms. tending to lessens
eating so that asupan gizi is including asupan ferrum is less
causing ly can happened anaemia. While at the age of in ats 35
years, condition of health of mother starts declines, function of
womb starts declines, and increases medical komplikasi at
pregnancy until copy ( Anonim, 2010).
2. Parity
Parity is number of copies with have ever in experienced by
mother either bearing life and also stillborn. Parity 1-3 is parity I
most safe in evaluation from the aspect of death of maternal parity
I and high parits ( more than 3) has higher mortality. Risk at parity
1 earns in lessening or in preventing with family to plan. Some of
pregnancies at high parity is is not planned. ( Sarwono, 1999,
Thing. 23 ).
After pregnancy that is third is anaemia risk ( less blood)
increases. The in causing because at recuring pregnancy
11. generates damage at usual vein and uterine wall influences
circulation of nutrition to foetus.
3. Status Gizi Ms. Pregnancy
Anaemia is one of main problem of mother mortality cause in
Indonesia and often happened at pregnancy mother. Usually
Anaemia in finding at wania pregnancy which seldom consume
fresh vegetable, especially foliage type hiaju which is raw and or
animal protein content food.
12. CHAPTER III
COVER?CONCLUSION
A .kesimpulan
a. Anaemia is condition where the lessen of red blood cell (
erythrocyte) in
circulation of blood or haemoglobin mass so that unable to
fulfill its(the
function as oxygen carrier keseluruh network ( Tarwoto, 2007).
b. Danger Of Anaemia in Pregnancy
1. Risk happened abortus
2. Copy permaturus
3. Resistance grows foetus flower in womb
4. Easy to become infection
5. Decompensation threat kordis ( HB < 6 gr %)
B.saran
To increase degree of health of public in indonesia especially
better be done counselling of prevention principle of infection, that
public earns more paying attention toly its(the health.