2. HOW TO BECOME A DOCTOR IN ITALY
In our country, after High School, you have to attend the Faculty of
Medicine and Surgery at the University for six years. When you finish
these years you obtain a degree as a GP, General Prectitioner, so if you
want to specialize in something, like neurosurgery, you have to study for
other 5 years. After that, you can begin to work.
3. SCIENCE IN DOCTOR'S WORK
Science is the basis of Medicine, which includes:
Chemistry
Biology
Anatomy
4. CHEMISTRY
No chemistry no life, in fact every part of our body is made by molecules and atoms and
it's not all :
- The digestive processes are caused by chemical reaction, in fact without chemistry we
can't be fed;
- Our brain works thanks to some cells called neurons and the the signal from brain
moves thanks to some neurotransmitter and are made of chemical elements;
- Every object in our world is made of atoms and molecules, even if we don't realize it.
5. BIOLOGY
Chemistry is the science of life because it studies living organisms' life processes.
For example: there are 4 blood groups, A, B, AB, 0, so a doctor has to know his
patient's blood type because if he doesn't and he does a wrong blood transfusion the
patient could die because of blood clotting.
6. ANATOMY
In order to take care and operate, the doctors must know anatomy, that is to know
where the organs are disposed. Knowing anatomy permits also to discover if there are
some cancers, in fact during a visit the doctor can perceive some anomalies on the body.
7.
8. Cocktail in ice spheres, Caviar made of olive oil, disappearing
transparent raviolis….Sound cool?
These are all examples of molecular gastronomy…
9. The word “gastronomy” has described the art of selecting, preparing, serving and enjoying fine
food.
In 1989, Nicholas Kurti and Hervé decided to intentionally emphasize the scientific elements of
cooking by coining the term “molecular and physical gastronomy”.
Molecules obey processes that describe the behaviour of all solids, liquids and gases. Suddenly,
the art of selecting, preparing, serving and enjoying fine food became the science of doing so.
10. When people hear the word “molecular gastronomy”
they often mistekenly view it as unhealthy, synthetic
and unnatural…
The truth is that the “chemicals” used in molecular
gastronomy are all of biological origins (marine,
plant, animal…)
The science lab equipment used just helps modern
gastronomy cooks to do simple things like manteining
the temperature constant, cooling food at low
temperatures (liquid nitrogen) or extract flavor from
food.
11. Have you ever looked at rock candy and wondered how it's made?
Rock candy is actually a collection of large sugar crystals that are
"grown" from a sugar-water solution.
So how do the molecules of a substance get together to form a
crystal? This happens when a solution is saturated, when the
liquid holds as much of the compound dissolved in it as possible.
12. Want to try some molecular gastronomy? Let’s
cook a five minute amazing ice cream. All you
need is a little liquid nitrogen (-196°C), some
creamy ingredients, and an appetite for
exploring the science of food.
The secret to the creamy ice cream is all in
the rapid freezing of the mixture. The liquid
nitrogen gives the ice cream its creamy
consistency.
According to food science experts, rapid
freezing preserves the nutrients in food .The
faster you freeze, the less you destroy.
13.
14.
15. A computer scientist is a scientist who has acquired
knowledge of computer science, the study of the
theoretical foundations of information and
computation and their application.
A computer scientist can focus his work on specific
areas like :
•Programming Theory
• Computer Graphics and Vision
• Videogame Design
• Database Theory
19. “Music has extremely precise rules: they have
an evident principle that can be understood and explained through Math. My ideas
about Music is now clear; Math is a light that dissipates darkness.”
(Jean-Philippe Rameau, (1722))
Musician
20. We may say that there are two main important things in the
relationship between Music and Science.
The first one is the scientific aspect of music: it is studied
from both Physic and Math points of view.
The other aspect uses Music for medical purposes; for
example, music therapy is useful for psychic and
behavioral rehabilitation
21. Interplay between Music and Math has been studied for
centuries: the Pythagorean School for example, clearly
states that there is a strict connection between the various
scale tones and the integers report.
22. The Phenomenon of Beats happens when two musical notes,
with similar (but not identical) frequencies, are played.
In this case, we can hear a particular sound that is quite similar
to the previous two, but its intensity is lower as much as their
frequencies are close. For this reason, Beats are used to
check the sound of musical instruments.
23. There are also other physical formulas related to Music, one of
these is Faraday’s physical law which is important for the
sound produced by eletric guitars.
Infact it refers to magnetism and it is used in the pick-ups of
guitars to produce a much deeper sound, full of different
tunes.
Same song from 2 different singer
24. The idea of music therapy arrives in Europe years later. A
preliminary theory (called the Universal Affinity) is then
formulated.
Following this theory, vibrations would
have a positive effect on humans.
The fist music theory was by Richard Brockiesby
in the mid of 18th century, but only few years later
Doctor’s attention focuses on the pshycological effects of
music.
25. Today, studies about the relationship between Music and
Science are extremely dynamic and are still evolving.
There is an increasing interest supported also by new
discoveries that are revealing additional links among Natures,
Arts and Science.
26.
27. WHAT'S A BIOTECHNOLOGY?
Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses
biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN
Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2)
Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas:
- Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes
- Red biotechnology is applied to medical processes
- White biotechnology is biotechnology applied to industrial processes
- Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field which addresses biological problems using computational techniques
-
28. GREEN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes.
- An example would be the selection and domestication of plants via micropropagation.
- Another example is the designing of transgenic plants to grow under specific
environments in the presence (or absence) of chemicals.
One hope is that green biotechnology might produce more environmentally friendly
solutions than traditional industrial agriculture.
29. AGRICOLTURE
Plants are genetic modified food used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been
modified with genetic engineering techniques.
In most cases the aim is :
- to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species;
- to create resistance to certain pests, diseases, stressful environmental conditions,
resistance to chemical treatments, reduction of spoilage, or improving the nutrient
profile of the plant.
30. GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD OR
GM FOODS
Genetically modified food are food produced from organisms that have had
specific changes introduced into their DNA with the methods of genetic
engineering.Some history
Human genetic manipulation of food began with the
domestication of plants and animals through artificial
selection in the ancient times. The process of selective
breeding, in which organisms with desired traits (and
thus with the desired genes) are used to breed the
next generation and organisms lacking the trait are not
bred, is a precursor to the modern concept of genetic
modification. With the discovery of DNA in the early
1900s and various advancements in genetic
techniques through the 1970s, it became possible to
directly alter the DNA and genes within food.
31. GENETICALLY MODIFIED MAIZE (CORN)
Corn used for food and
ethanol has been genetically
modified to tolerate various
herbicides and to express a
protein (from Bacillus
thuringiensis) that kills certain
insects.
Corn can be processed into
grits, meal and flour as an
ingredient in pancakes,
muffins, doughnuts,
breadings and batters, as
well as baby foods, meat
products, cereals and some
fermented products
