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The alkali metals have one valence electron and are the most electropositive metals. They have large atomic and ionic radii that increase down the group, and their hydration enthalpies decrease with increasing size. Alkali metals are soft, silvery-white metals with low melting and boiling points that are highly reactive due to their large size and low ionization enthalpy, with reactivity increasing down the group. They react with air, water, dihydrogen, and halogens. Uses include lithium in batteries, aluminum in aircraft, and potassium chloride as fertilizer.
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Alkali metal
This document provides information about alkali metals and describes the extraction and uses of sodium and sodium compounds. It discusses the periodic table classification of alkali metals. Key points include:
- Alkali metals are soft, silvery-white reactive metals found in Group 1 of the periodic table.
- Sodium is extracted commercially via the Downs process, which involves electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.
- Sodium reacts violently with water and is used to produce sodium hydroxide and other sodium compounds.
- Sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate are manufactured via electrolysis or other chemical processes and have various industrial and household applications.
Chemical reaction between metals and water/acid
- Lighter metals like sodium, potassium, and calcium react vigorously with acids, while heavier metals like magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and lead react more slowly.
- Dilute acids are weaker as they are mixed with water, while concentrated acids are strong and pure.
- Most reactions of metals with dilute acids are single replacement reactions where the metal replaces hydrogen in the acid, producing hydrogen gas.
- Reactions of metals with concentrated acids can involve both single replacement and decomposition reactions.
- Lighter metals like sodium react vigorously with cold water, producing hydroxides and hydrogen gas, while their reaction with steam produces metal oxides and hydrogen gas.
Alkali metals chemistry pro presentation professional
The document discusses the properties and reactions of alkali metals. It notes that there are 6 alkali metals - lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. Alkali metals are found in common items like salt and play an important role in sustaining life. They have low melting and boiling points compared to other metals. All alkali metals vigorously react with water, producing hydrogen gas and the metal hydroxide, with the reaction speed and violence increasing down the group. Salt is produced through the vigorous reaction of sodium with chlorine gas.
Lecture 20.1- Redox
The document discusses oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, where electrons are exchanged between reactants. It provides examples of iron rusting when reacting with oxygen, with iron being oxidized by losing electrons and oxygen being reduced by gaining electrons. The document also explains that redox reactions always have an oxidation and reduction component, with oxidizing agents becoming reduced and reducing agents becoming oxidized during the reaction.
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1. The document discusses several physical and chemical properties of alkali metals including their electronic configurations, atomic and ionic radii, ionization energies, oxidation states, and reactions with oxygen and water.
2. Alkali metals have low ionization energies due to their single outer electron being weakly bound. Their reactivity increases down the group as it becomes easier to remove this electron.
3. They react rapidly with oxygen and air to form oxides, with the smaller alkali metals like lithium forming monoxides and the larger ones forming superoxides. They are stored in oil to prevent reaction with air.
Reactions in aqeous solutions
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1) Active metals like sodium and magnesium react vigorously with water, forming bases and hydrogen gas. Sodium reacts so violently that it must be stored in oil.
2) Less reactive metals like iron and magnesium only react with hot water or water vapor to form oxides and hydrogen.
3) Noble metals like silver, platinum, and gold do not replace hydrogen from water and do not react with water at all.
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Alkali metal
This document provides information about alkali metals and describes the extraction and uses of sodium and sodium compounds. It discusses the periodic table classification of alkali metals. Key points include:
- Alkali metals are soft, silvery-white reactive metals found in Group 1 of the periodic table.
- Sodium is extracted commercially via the Downs process, which involves electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.
- Sodium reacts violently with water and is used to produce sodium hydroxide and other sodium compounds.
- Sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate are manufactured via electrolysis or other chemical processes and have various industrial and household applications.
Chemical reaction between metals and water/acid
- Lighter metals like sodium, potassium, and calcium react vigorously with acids, while heavier metals like magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and lead react more slowly.
- Dilute acids are weaker as they are mixed with water, while concentrated acids are strong and pure.
- Most reactions of metals with dilute acids are single replacement reactions where the metal replaces hydrogen in the acid, producing hydrogen gas.
- Reactions of metals with concentrated acids can involve both single replacement and decomposition reactions.
- Lighter metals like sodium react vigorously with cold water, producing hydroxides and hydrogen gas, while their reaction with steam produces metal oxides and hydrogen gas.
Alkali metals chemistry pro presentation professional
The document discusses the properties and reactions of alkali metals. It notes that there are 6 alkali metals - lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. Alkali metals are found in common items like salt and play an important role in sustaining life. They have low melting and boiling points compared to other metals. All alkali metals vigorously react with water, producing hydrogen gas and the metal hydroxide, with the reaction speed and violence increasing down the group. Salt is produced through the vigorous reaction of sodium with chlorine gas.
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The document discusses oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, where electrons are exchanged between reactants. It provides examples of iron rusting when reacting with oxygen, with iron being oxidized by losing electrons and oxygen being reduced by gaining electrons. The document also explains that redox reactions always have an oxidation and reduction component, with oxidizing agents becoming reduced and reducing agents becoming oxidized during the reaction.
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1. The document discusses several physical and chemical properties of alkali metals including their electronic configurations, atomic and ionic radii, ionization energies, oxidation states, and reactions with oxygen and water.
2. Alkali metals have low ionization energies due to their single outer electron being weakly bound. Their reactivity increases down the group as it becomes easier to remove this electron.
3. They react rapidly with oxygen and air to form oxides, with the smaller alkali metals like lithium forming monoxides and the larger ones forming superoxides. They are stored in oil to prevent reaction with air.
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Based on Andries Oliviers' CAPS aligned textbook
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1) Active metals like sodium and magnesium react vigorously with water, forming bases and hydrogen gas. Sodium reacts so violently that it must be stored in oil.
2) Less reactive metals like iron and magnesium only react with hot water or water vapor to form oxides and hydrogen.
3) Noble metals like silver, platinum, and gold do not replace hydrogen from water and do not react with water at all.
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Oxidation involves the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen by an atom or molecule, while reduction is the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between oxidizing agents that gain electrons and reducing agents that lose electrons, with oxidation occurring at one molecule and reduction at the other. Redox reactions are chemical reactions where oxidation and reduction processes simultaneously occur through electron transfer between two reacting species.
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Metals react with oxygen in the air to form metal oxides. For example, magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide. Some metals like sodium and potassium react vigorously with air and must be stored in oil. Most metal oxides react with both acids and bases. For example, aluminum oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form aluminum chloride and water. Metals also react with acids, producing salts and hydrogen gas. Lighter metals like sodium and potassium react quickly, while heavier metals like magnesium, aluminum, and zinc react more slowly.
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Sodium
- Alkali metals have low ionization energies and readily lose their outer electron to form cations with a +1 oxidation state. They are soft, reactive metals that form ionic compounds.
- Sodium is the second alkali metal and is found abundantly in nature as the mineral sodium chloride. It is extracted commercially via the Downs process, which involves electrolysis of molten sodium chloride at lower temperatures using calcium chloride. This allows pure sodium to be produced at the cathode and chlorine gas to be collected at the anode.
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Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with electrical and chemical phenomena. John Daniell and Michael Faraday are credited as founders of electrochemistry. An oxidation-reduction reaction involves the transfer of electrons between two species, with one being oxidized and the other being reduced. Oxidation states represent the charge an atom would have in a compound. Common oxidizing agents gain electrons and are reduced, while reducing agents donate electrons and are oxidized.
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Kelvis Escandela es un asistente virtual creado por Anthropic para ser útil, honesto y honesto. Está diseñado para responder preguntas, resumir información y completar otras tareas simples de manera segura y respetuosa. Kelvis no tiene opiniones personales y solo intenta ayudar a los usuarios de la mejor manera posible dentro de los límites de su programación.
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El sistema endocrino está compuesto de glándulas que secretan hormonas directamente al torrente sanguíneo para regular funciones en otras células del cuerpo. Algunas glándulas importantes son la hipófisis, tiroides, paratiroides, páncreas, suprarrenales, ovarios y testículos, cada una secretando hormonas específicas que controlan procesos como el metabolismo, crecimiento y desarrollo sexual. Las hormonas viajan por la sangre hasta las células diana y provocan efectos a través de mecanismos
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Kelvis Escandela es un asistente virtual creado por Anthropic para ser útil, honesto y honesto. Está diseñado para responder preguntas, resumir información y completar otras tareas simples de manera segura y respetuosa. Kelvis no tiene opiniones personales y solo intenta ayudar a los usuarios de la mejor manera posible dentro de los límites de su programación.
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Collagen
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Collagen
Info Detail Bisa Hub : Oka - 0818986657
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Collagen :
Merupakan protein yang menyusun tubuh manusia (30% dari seluruh protein yang terdapat di tubuh) yang tersusun atas asam asam amino
Penyusun tulang, gigi, sendi, otot, dan kulit.
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10 s-Block Elements.ppt
This document provides information about the s-block elements lithium (Li) through francium (Fr) and the alkaline earth metals beryllium (Be) through radium (Ra). It discusses their electronic configurations, atomic and ionic radii, ionization energies, hydration enthalpies, physical properties, and important compounds such as oxides, hydroxides, halides, and salts. It notes the similarities and differences between lithium and other alkali metals, as well as the similarities between lithium and magnesium. The biological importance of sodium and potassium is also mentioned.
Chemistry of alkali and alkaline earth metals and halogen compounds MANIK
Chemistry of alkali and alkaline earth metals and halogen compounds including their Pharmaceutical applications.
s block elements Part4.pptx
The alkali metals are highly reactive due to their large size and low ionization enthalpy. Their reactivity increases down the group. They react vigorously with water to form hydroxides and dihydrogen gas. Lithium reacts less vigorously than the other alkali metals due to its smaller size and high hydration energy. The other alkali metals react explosively with water and also react with proton donors like alcohols, ammonia, and alkynes.
S block elements (Alkali metals)
The document discusses the s-block elements, specifically focusing on the alkali metals. It provides an introduction and table of contents. It then discusses the electronic configuration of s-block elements and lists the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. The next sections provide details on the characteristics properties of alkali metals, including their electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, and flame coloration. Further sections describe the atomic and physical properties and chemical properties of alkali metals, including their reactivity towards air, water, hydrogen, and halogens. Applications of some alkali metals are also mentioned. References are listed at the end.
12.-s-block-notes.pdf
1. The document discusses the properties and reactions of alkali metals, which have an ns1 electronic configuration and are highly reactive metals.
2. It describes their physical properties including large atomic size, low ionization energy, and increasing reactivity down the group from Li to Cs.
3. The chemical properties discussed include forming ionic compounds such as oxides, hydroxides, halides and reacting vigorously with water and acids.
Chemistry presentation
The document discusses the reactivity series of metals. It explains that metals can be arranged in order of their reactivity, with the most reactive at the top. More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their compounds and salt solutions. Examples given include iron displacing copper from copper sulfate solution. The document also discusses how metals react with chlorine, hydrogen, and are extracted from their ores, with the method of extraction depending on their reactivity in the series.
METAL AND NON METAL CLASS 10.pptx
The document discusses metals and non-metals. It describes the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals. Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals have opposite properties. It also discusses how metals and non-metals react with oxygen, water, acids and how displacement reactions can be used to determine reactivity order. Metals are extracted from ores through processes like enrichment, extraction using chemical/electrochemical methods depending on their reactivity.
chem.pptx
This document discusses the properties and chemical reactions of metals and metal oxides. It explains that metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, are malleable and ductile. Metals form positive ions and react with oxygen, water and acids to form metal oxides, hydroxides and salts respectively. It provides examples of the reactions of metals like sodium, calcium and zinc with water and acids. Metal oxides are basic in nature and alkali metal oxides dissolve in water to form strong bases.
Module C5 Summary
This document discusses the chemical composition of different parts of the natural environment including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. It explains that the atmosphere contains molecular elements like oxygen and compounds like carbon dioxide. The hydrosphere mainly contains water along with dissolved ionic compounds like sodium chloride. The lithosphere contains minerals composed of elements like silicon and oxygen. The biosphere contains large organic molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The document also discusses the properties of molecular and ionic compounds as well as extraction of metals from ores.
Metals and non metals without animatiopn
The document discusses the properties and classification of metals and non-metals. It states that metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, can be molded and drawn into wires, and react with oxygen to form basic oxides. Non-metals may be solids, liquids or gases, are typically poor conductors, and react with oxygen to form acidic oxides. The document provides examples of chemical reactions to illustrate differences in how metals and non-metals react with water, acids, oxygen, and how displacement reactions occur between metals. It also lists some common uses of metals like iron, aluminum, and silver as well as non-metals like iodine, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
Chapter 3-120810061405-phpapp01(1)
The document discusses the process of extracting metals from ores. It begins by explaining how the reactivity of metals determines whether they are found in nature in elemental form or as compounds in ores. Extraction involves removing impurities from the ore, converting metal compounds to oxides, and then reducing the oxides to elemental metals. Less reactive metals can be extracted by heating while more reactive metals require electrolysis or displacement by other reactive metals. The pure metals may then be refined electrolytically to remove remaining impurities.
Properties of metals slides
The document describes various properties of metals. It discusses the physical properties of metals, including their high melting and boiling points, malleability, ductility, and ability to conduct heat and electricity well. It also describes alloys as mixtures of metals that are stronger than pure metals. Additionally, the document outlines some chemical properties of metals, such as their reactivity patterns and reactions with water, steam, and acids according to the reactivity series. It provides examples of equations to represent these reactions.
CHEMISTRY PROJECT.docx
The document is a chemistry project report by Aditya Varte of Class 11 on the topic of alkali and alkaline earth metals. It includes an acknowledgment, certificate, and introduction section. The main body discusses the properties and importance of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Key points covered include the electronic configuration of s-block elements; physical and chemical properties of alkali metals like reactivity and important sodium compounds; and the biological importance of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions.
Metal2
Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table. They are usually solid at room temperature, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have high melting and boiling points. Metals have metallic bonds where their atoms are surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons, making metals malleable, ductile, and able to conduct electricity and heat well.
More About Acids.pptx
Class 10 chemistry chapter Acids, Bases, and Salts, Anshika Krishnatray, DPS Greater Noida
Teacher has a youtube channel named Study10th
Similar to Presentation5 (20)
Chemistry of alkali and alkaline earth metals and halogen compounds MANIK
Chemistry of alkali and alkaline earth metals and halogen compounds MANIK
Presentation5
- 2. ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION ALL THE ALKALI METALS HAVE ONE VALENCE ELECTRON, ns1 eg:Li-1s2 2s1 Na-1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 THE MOST ELECTROPOSITIVE METALS.
- 3. ATOMIC AND IONIC RADII • Alkali metal atoms have largest sizes • The atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals increase on moving down the group
- 4. HYDRATION ENTHALPY • The hydration enthalpies of alkali metal ions decrease with increase in ionic sizes Li+>Na+>K+>Rb+>Cs+
- 5. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Alkali metals are silvery white, soft and light metals • Low density • Low melting point and boiling points
- 6. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES • Alkali metals are highly reactive due to their large size • Low ionization enthalpy • The reactivity of metals increases down the group
- 7. REACTIVITY TOWARDS AIR • Alkali metals in dry air due to the formation of their oxide • Lithium forms monoxide 4Li+o2 2Li2o
- 8. REACTIVITY TOWARDS WATER • The alkali metals react with water to form hydroxide and dihydrogen 2M+2H2O 2M++2OH-+H2 (M=an alkali metal)
- 9. REACTIVITY TOWARDS DIHYDROGEN • Alkali metals react with dihydrogen to form hydrides 2M+H2 2M+H-
- 10. REACTIVITY TOWARDS HALOGENS • Alkali metals react with halogens to form ionic halide
- 11. USES • Lithium metal bearing for motor engines. • Aluminium to make aircraft parts. • Lithium also used to make electrochemical cells. • Potassium chloride is used as fertilizer.