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The Portuguese Empire

            By
       Eric James
History of Portugal
• Portugal has a deep-seeded Roman background.
  – The Carthaginian and Cale inhabitants defended
    themselves against Roman legions.
     • Rome achieved victory through bribery and an internal
       assassination of the Lusitanian leader.
  – Rome proved to be a somewhat welcomed presence.
• Portugal was later invaded by the Germanic tribes
  and became a largely Visigoth territory.
  – Germanic Kings had little cultural impact as they
    tended to have individualistic goals.
History of Portugal
• The Iberian Peninsula was then conquered by the
  Islamic Moors.
  – Area was reconquered by Count Vimara Peres.
• In 1139 A.D. Alfonso Henriques became the first
  King of Portugal, establishing Portuguese
  Independence.
  – Shortly thereafter Alfonso I was recognized by the
    Pope.
• Since the 13th Century, the Portuguese border
  with Spain has remained largely unchanged.
The Portuguese Empire
• Portugal was quick to make use of the sea.
   – Fishing and overseas commerce was it’s main source of
     income.
• In 1386 The Treaty of Windsor established a lasting
  alliance between Portugal and England.
• The Portuguese Empire found its beginning with the
  acquisition of Ceuta in North Africa.
   – Muslims of North Africa were involved in Civil War,
     allowing Portuguese victory.
• The Empire began to expand exponentially as Spain
  and Portugal divided the unknown world in half at The
  Treaty of Tordesillas.
Portuguese Empire
• Portugal established strong trading bonds with
  India.
• Explored the Americas and became the first
  civilization to engage in globalization.
• In 1578, Portugal’s King Sebastian died in
  Morocco without and heir.
  – Created a power vacuum that resulted in the Spanish
    King’s rule over both Spain and Portugal.
  – Spain’s enemies became Portugal’s enemies until 1640
    when the Duke of Braganza, a descendant of Manuel I,
    re-established Portugal’s independence.
Portuguese Empire
• The Portuguese Empire would persist until
  1999 when it relinquished Macau to China.
  – Longest lived European colonial empire.
  – Began its decline when it was subject to Spanish
    rule and suffered invasions by the enemies of
    Spain.
  – Dutch invasion of its colonies, combined with a
    loss of the trade monopoly it had enjoyed in the
    Indian ocean were critical factors.
Colonial Brazil
• In 1534 Brazil was colonized by Portugal under King John III.
   – John III granted lands to those rich enough to support colonies.
   – Thirteen longitudinal territories were established.
       • Only two of the thirteen succeeded, Sao Vicente and Pernambuco due
         to their dedication to sugar cane and alliance with natives.
• Capitanias system was deemed ineffective.
   – Centralized colonial government was established at the Bay of
     All Saints.
       • Salvador was built as the capital.
       • Jesuit Missions were also established during this time.
       • Destroyed 10 year old French colony at Guanabara Bay and
         established Rio de Janeiro.
• Brazil declared its independence in 1822.

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The Portuguese Empire

  • 1. The Portuguese Empire By Eric James
  • 2. History of Portugal • Portugal has a deep-seeded Roman background. – The Carthaginian and Cale inhabitants defended themselves against Roman legions. • Rome achieved victory through bribery and an internal assassination of the Lusitanian leader. – Rome proved to be a somewhat welcomed presence. • Portugal was later invaded by the Germanic tribes and became a largely Visigoth territory. – Germanic Kings had little cultural impact as they tended to have individualistic goals.
  • 3. History of Portugal • The Iberian Peninsula was then conquered by the Islamic Moors. – Area was reconquered by Count Vimara Peres. • In 1139 A.D. Alfonso Henriques became the first King of Portugal, establishing Portuguese Independence. – Shortly thereafter Alfonso I was recognized by the Pope. • Since the 13th Century, the Portuguese border with Spain has remained largely unchanged.
  • 4. The Portuguese Empire • Portugal was quick to make use of the sea. – Fishing and overseas commerce was it’s main source of income. • In 1386 The Treaty of Windsor established a lasting alliance between Portugal and England. • The Portuguese Empire found its beginning with the acquisition of Ceuta in North Africa. – Muslims of North Africa were involved in Civil War, allowing Portuguese victory. • The Empire began to expand exponentially as Spain and Portugal divided the unknown world in half at The Treaty of Tordesillas.
  • 5. Portuguese Empire • Portugal established strong trading bonds with India. • Explored the Americas and became the first civilization to engage in globalization. • In 1578, Portugal’s King Sebastian died in Morocco without and heir. – Created a power vacuum that resulted in the Spanish King’s rule over both Spain and Portugal. – Spain’s enemies became Portugal’s enemies until 1640 when the Duke of Braganza, a descendant of Manuel I, re-established Portugal’s independence.
  • 6. Portuguese Empire • The Portuguese Empire would persist until 1999 when it relinquished Macau to China. – Longest lived European colonial empire. – Began its decline when it was subject to Spanish rule and suffered invasions by the enemies of Spain. – Dutch invasion of its colonies, combined with a loss of the trade monopoly it had enjoyed in the Indian ocean were critical factors.
  • 7. Colonial Brazil • In 1534 Brazil was colonized by Portugal under King John III. – John III granted lands to those rich enough to support colonies. – Thirteen longitudinal territories were established. • Only two of the thirteen succeeded, Sao Vicente and Pernambuco due to their dedication to sugar cane and alliance with natives. • Capitanias system was deemed ineffective. – Centralized colonial government was established at the Bay of All Saints. • Salvador was built as the capital. • Jesuit Missions were also established during this time. • Destroyed 10 year old French colony at Guanabara Bay and established Rio de Janeiro. • Brazil declared its independence in 1822.