Major air pollutants like sulfur dioxide, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide can damage and reduce the growth of agricultural crops. Sulfur dioxide causes blotchy spots on leaves and can prematurely kill plants. Nitrogen dioxide damages leaves and seedlings. Ozone causes yellowing and early senescence of leaves. Fluoride pollution from industrial processes can cause fluorisis in animals that graze on affected plants. The effects of air pollution on agriculture and forestry are significant as they can reduce global food security and wood growth, harming economies. More monitoring and research is needed to fully understand these impacts.

1. AIR
POLLUTION
SAMAN JAMIL

2. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
ON AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

3. Introduction
Agricultural crops can be injured when exposed to high
concentrations of various air pollutants.injury ranges
visible markings on the foliage to reduced growth and
yield to premature death of plant.

4. AIR POLLUTION

5. AGRICULTURE

6. Major Pollutants involved
• Sulphur dioxide
• Ozone
• Nitrogen dioxide
• Flourides

7. Minor gaseous pollutants
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hydrogen sulphide
Carbon monoxide
Bromine
Particulate pollutants
Soot particles
pesticides

8. SULPHUR
DIOXIDE

9. Sulphur dioxide
Source:
 combustion of
fossil fuels

10. Symptoms:
sulfurdioxide
injury
Blotchy
white,red,black
spots

11. Pattern of SO2
entrance to
leaves
stomata
(microscopic
openings) Resultant
injury is classified as
either acute or
chronic.

12. CROPS:
SUSCEPTBLE TO
SULFURDIOXIDE

13. ALFALFA
BARLEY

14. Scorching of alfalfa leaves

15. BUCKWHEAT
RADDISH

16. RESISTANT
CROPS:
SULFURDIOXIDE

17. CABBAGE
ONION

18. POTATO
CORN

19. IMPACT
• When the pigments in enough
tissue are damaged or killed, plants
can begin to lose their leaves.
• Crop output is greatly reduced
• Growth can be stunted. This is
especially noticeable in young
plants.

20. Effects
•Die prematurely
•Less productive

21. 2) NITROGEN OXIDES
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITRIC OXIDE

22. Sources
• Combustion of fossil fuels
• Motor vehicles

23. Symptoms
• Visible injury symptoms :
• chlorosis in angiospermic leaves and
tip burn in conifer needles.Tip burn
is common symptom in bracts,
sepals and awns

24. Effects
• NO2 mostly affects the leaves and
seedlings. Its effects decrease with
increasing age of the plant and
tissue.
• Older needles are more sensitive to
the gas than young ones.

25. 3) OZONE

26. Source of ozone

27. NCLA
• National Crop Loss Assessment Network show
that ozone in the environment also has a
detrimental effect on crop production.
• crops show significantly less yield when
exposed to levels of ozone in the atmosphere.

28. Symptom
• Yellowing, flecking and blotching in
leaves.
• premature senescence and early
maturity.

29. Sensitive species

30. Effect of ozone on onion

31. 4) FLOURIDE

32. SOURCE
• Deposited on plant surface
• Industrial processes

33. Flouride injury

34. Effect
• Fluorisis:Animals grazing on pasture close to
brickworks, smelters, and phosphate fertiliser
factories, or fed forage gathered from such
areas,may develop fluorosis, a condition
characterised by damage to the
musculoskeletal system including softening of
teeth, difficulty in mastication,lameness and
painful gait.

35. fluorisis

36. Sensitive crop species
peach
grape

37. Resistant species
tobacco
wheat

38. Significance of agriculture and
forestry
Sustainable food production

39. Cropland
• Global availability of cropland has now fallen
by 25% over the past

40. CROP BREEDING

41. CROP BREEDING
crop-breeding programmes may also
tend to select for higher values of
stomatal conductance since this will
increase rates of CO2 assimilation

42. Declining food security
• African crop yields could be halved within 40
years if the degradation of cultivated lands
were to continue at present rates
(UNEP,2000).
• As a result of declining food security, the
number of undernourished people in Africa
nearly doubled

43. Issues and lack of current knowledge
The current ambient levels of
pollution in several developing
countries are causing:
• visible injury and losses in
productivity of many species of
agricultural crops

44. impact
Wood
growth

45. Economy

46. Control
• It is therefore crucial that stakeholders (e.g. in
agriculture, forestry,industry and government)
are made aware of the potential impacts of air
pollution in different regions.

47. IDENTIFICATION
• Impacts of air pollutants
• Monitoring networks must be established to
record
• Reliable air pollution transport models need
to be developed to estimate current and
future regional
• Suitable methodologies must be developed
torelate pollution to impacts, for use in risk
assessment by policy-makers.

48. conclusion