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Presentation xenics
- 1. Xenics’s Smart SensorSystems based on modular design for Long Wave and Short Wave InfraRed Applications
- 2. Overview • Xenics inShort • What is Infrared radiation? • New camera archtecture • Products Line Overview with applications Copyright 2013 |
- 3. Module 1: Xenics inShort
- 4. Mission Statement Our missionis • to be a leading provider of infrared cameras and detectors, • based on a strong knowledge background of infrared detector technology, • achieved via continuous innovation, • application and market driven, and • combined with a flexibility towards our customers to find a solution to their specific infrared problem. Copyright 2013 |
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- 6. Core Competences Detector technology ROIC design Electronics Mechanics Embedded software Usersoftware Radiometry Image enhancement Copyright 2013 |
- 7. Products & Services •Standard products - Systems - Cameras • OEM level products - Camera cores - Cooled engines - Detectors - ROICs • Custom design - Any detector type - Cooled or un-cooled Copyright 2013 |
- 8. Market & ProductSegmentation Copyright 2013 |
- 9. Product Families • Xeva,XS (SWIR) - TE-Cooled platform for InGaAs & MCT • Cheetah-CL (SWIR) - High Speed InGaAs real-time platform • Onca (MWIR & LWIR) - Platform for Stirling cooled engines • Gobi & Raven (LWIR), Bobcat & Rufus (SWIR) - Platform for uncooled bolometers and InGaAs • XTM (LWIR) & XSW (SWIR) - Xenics Cores • Meerkat-Fix, Meerkat-Mobile - Platforms for outdoor Security cameras • Pµmair - Gimbal Platform Copyright 2013 |
- 10. Module 2: What isInfrared Radiation
- 11. What is InfraRedradiation ? • Sir Isaac Newton (1666) • Studied light in all it’s aspects • Conclusion : - Visible light is not white - It consists out of a spectrum of different colours - Spectrum ranges from ▪ Blue : 390 nm ▪ Red : 750 nm Copyright 2013 |
- 12. What is InfraRedradiation ? • Sir William Herschel (1800) - Studied relation between colour and temperature • Wilhelm Wien (1900) - Formulates his displacement law - Relates temperature to wavelength LWIR MWIR SWIR Visible Sun Copyright 2013 |
- 13. What is InfraRedradiation ? • Max Planck (1900) - Nobel Prize for Physics 1918 - Radiance over wavelength ▪ For object temperature LWIRMWIRSWIRVisible Sun Wien’s Law Copyright 2013 |
- 14. Radiation • Basically weknow now that : - There is radiation all around us - It comes with nature (it is natural) • Each type of radiation leads to different applications • Different domains can be distinguished : - Gamma, X-Rays, UV, IR, Radio, … IR wavelength range Copyright 2013 |
- 15. Transmission • Not allradiation can “travel” free in space - Different molecules “absorp” specific wavelengths ▪ Due to molecular interaction - This creates so called “transmission windows” ▪ Only radiation from these zones is perceivable Visible LWIRSWIR MWIR Copyright 2013 |
- 16. Imaging in theVisible range • Very common - Our eye is nicely matched to the emitted radiation of the sun • Imaging reflected sunlight - Camera’s can readily capture light and make images Sun Radiance Copyright 2013 |
- 17. Imaging in theSWIR (I) • Similar to imaging under sunlight - Reflected light will form an image • Now, two light sources are available - Sunlight in the SWIR region - Light from stars and moon Sun Radiance Light in SWIR region Moonlight Copyright 2013 |
- 18. Imaging in theSWIR (II) • SWIR images are similar to visible ones - Persons and objects can be recognized • However : - No Blue/Green/Red (gray) - Imaging at night it possible - Images depend on material behaviour at SWIR wavelengths Copyright 2013 |
- 19. Imaging in theNIR/LWIR (I) • In these wavelength ranges : - Objects at colder temperatures emit power ▪ Remember Planck ! ▪ Mainly 300 K (27 °C) and above • This type of image will be “emitted” - Can be captured in complete darkness - Gives an impression of temperature ▪ We obtain a “thermal image” - Difficult to identify people Hot ColdIn between Copyright 2013 |
- 20. Imaging in theNIR/LWIR (II) • These wavelengths are usefull for - Security applications - Temperature monitoring ▪ From a distance • Wavelength dependance of transmission - Has an impact on image quality 3 - 5 µm 8 - 12 µm Copyright 2013 |
- 21. How detect IRradiation ? • We have to use a “Photo-Detector” • A photo-detector has to convert : - Incident radiation Pλ (W/m2) - Into an output electrical signal • This electrical signal can be : - A resistance change ΔR ▪ In case of a photoconductor or a bolometer - A photocurrent ▪ In case of a Photo Voltaic detector Copyright 2013 |
- 22. Photo-Detectors - Detectivity •D* for a large variety of detectors has been measured and mapped • Theoretical (fundamental) limits are available InGaAs MCT InSb Copyright 2013 |
- 23. Thermal Detectors • Operatingprinciple : - Incident radiation is absorbed - The temperature of the device increases (ΔT) ▪ ΔT ~ 1 K for Pr ~ 0.25 mW - The ΔT causes a measurable modification of an electrical parameter • A well known type of thermal detector is the bolometer : - The device is thermally isolated from the substrate S= DR/ R Pl Copyright 2013 |
- 24. Sensor Integration • Thereexist two types of sensor integration : - Monolithic integration - Hybrid integration • Hybrid integration : - Detector array and readout in different substrates. - Subsequently joined • Monolithic integration : - Detector device(s) and ROIC both integrated in the same substrate • Xenics detectors are hybrid Copyright 2013 |
- 25. Sensor Integration • Monolithicintegration : - Easy to produce - Same technology for both - But optimization is difficult • Hybrid integration : - Detector can be fully optimized : ▪ III-V material for IR detection ▪ MEMS for accelerometers ▪ … - Integration can be difficult : ▪ Carrier ▪ Flip-Chip technology Copyright 2013 |
- 26. Sensor Packaging • Thenext step is relatively easy • The sensor is packaged in either : - Ceramic substrate - Metal can package • A Metal Can package - Allows hermetic sealing - Better thermal behaviour TE C Ceramic Substrate ROIC Detector Copyright 2013 |
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- 28. New Architecture • Focuson Machine Vision market • New Line of small optimized IR Sensors Systems • Based on Modular Design • SWIR InGaAs Linear and Area Scan • LWIR Bolometer Area Scan Copyright 2013 |
- 29. Origin of theArchitecture • New Generation of Sensors - More dynamic range - Lower noise - More compact • Modularity - Platform for variation on video output - Platform for variation on sensor type - Platform for variation on on-board processing • Compactness • Manufacturing • Market price Copyright 2013 |
- 30. Sensor Boards • Firststep in camera development : - Sensor interface • This PCB contains : - Signal conditioning ▪ Receive sensor signals ▪ Guarantee signal integrity - Circuit bias elements ▪ Provide required electrical signals Bolometer Interface Line Array Interface 2D Array Interface Copyright 2013 |
- 31. Processing Board • FPGAboard - Provides digital interface ▪ Based on user settings - Collects digitized signal - Implements required algorithms ▪ NUC (Non-Uniformity Correction) ▪ Shutter and cooler control ▪ Thermography - Provides output signal ▪ In correct data format ▪ GigE/CL/Avid/BT.656/… Copyright 2013 |
- 32. Camera construction (III) •The output interface : - Receives output from FPGA board - Collects users settings ▪ Over serial interface ▪ Trigger signal - Will generate ▪ Required power supply voltages - From external power source - From Ethernet (PoE) ▪ All required outputs - CameraLink - GigE - Analog Video - CoaXpress - Output Trigger Analog Video Camera Link GigE/PoE Copyright 2013 |
- 33. Final Assembly (I) •All these components are compatible • Allow construction of different configurations - Cold finger (cooled devices) - Shutter (if required) • Basic version is an OEM Module Copyright 2013 |
- 34. Final Assembly withHousing • To obtain a camera, the stack is combined with - Housing - Front (for lens mount) Copyright 2013 |
- 35. Flexibilty for Integration •Mechanics - Same physical size • Xeneth SDK and API - Common set of instructions • Xeneth Support of Frame Grabber - National Instruments - Euresys • GigE Software Compatibility - MvTec Halcon - Cognex Vision Pro - Stemmer CVB • Large Choice of Lenses Copyright 2013 |
- 36. Module 4: Product Familywith Applications
- 37. Overview • SWIR - Bobcat640 - Lynx-512 - Lynx-1024 - Lynx 2048 • LWIR - Gobi-640 - Gobi-384 • Interfaces - GigE - CameraLink - CoaXpress Copyright 2013 |
- 38. Bobcat 640 • SmallestSWIR camera for machine vision applications • GigE, CameraLink or CoaXpress interface • Spectral response: 0.9 µm up to 1.7 µm • VisNIR option: 0.5 µm up to 1.7 µm • Resolution: 640 x 512; Pitch: 20 µm • AD conversion: 14-bit • TE-1 cooled • Frame rate: 100 fps • ROI • Various C-mount lenses Copyright 2013 |
- 39. • GigE visionfor ease of integration • Compliant with any software that supports GenICam • Power over Ethernet • CameraLink • Easy to export • Exchangeable C-mount lenses • On-board Image processing • Variable integration time • ITR and IWR mode • VisNIR option • Industrial components to increase operating temperature range Bobcat 640 Copyright 2013 |
- 40. Art Inspection • Advantageusing SWIR camera for refloctography - Portability (complete system with laptop fits in hand luggage) - Real time imaging at 25 Hz - No special illumination required - On site inspection (no need to remove the paintings) Copyright 2013 |
- 41. Art Inspection • References: - Instituto del Patrimonio Histórico Español - Institut national du patrimoine (France) - Zwinger Gallery (Dresden, Germany) - Tiroler Ländesmuseum (Salzburg, Austria) - Ormylia Art Diagnosis Centre (Greece) - Museum M (Leuven, Belgium) - Royal Museum of Fine Arts (Antwerp, Belgium) - Museum Schone Kunsten (Ghent, Belgium) - Kröller-Müller Museum (Otterlo, The Netherlands) Copyright 2013 |
- 42. Art Inspection • Moreexamples - Underlying scetch Copyright 2013 |
- 43. Art Inspection • Moreexamples - Reveal hidden sub-parts Copyright 2013 |
- 44. Semiconductor Solar Cells Inspection DefectiveTransistor Power IC = ON Defective Transistor Power IC = OFF Bandpass @ 1100 nmBandpass @ 1450 nm Copyright 2013 |
- 45. Industrial Applications Food Industry Classification Greenish: Highermoisture, Softer Reddish: Lower moisture, higher protein, Harder Heterogenous sample sets Courtesy of ITRES, published in Photonics Spectra Copyright 2013 |
- 46. Industrial Applications Pharmaceutical • NIRSpectral imaging NIR image based on detected spectra Processed NIR images shown active component Courtesy of Specim Copyright 2013 |
- 47. Lynx Series • SmallestSWIR line scan camera for machine vision • GigE, CameraLink or CoaXpress interface • Spectral response: 0.9 µm up to 1.7 µm • Resolution: 512; Pitch: 25 µm, 1024; Pitch: 25 µm and 2048; Pitch: 12,5 µm • AD conversion: 14-bit • Un-cooled • Frame rate: 40 kHz or 10 kHz • Various Gain modes • Uncooled • Various C-mount lenses, optional U-mount Copyright 2013 |
- 48. Lynx Series • GigEvision for ease of integration • Compliant with any software that supports GenICam • Power over Ethernet • CameraLink • Easy to export • Exchangeable C-mount lenses • On-board Image processing • Variable integration time • ITR and IWR mode • Industrial components to increase operating temperature range Copyright 2013 |
- 49. Industrial Applications Food Sorting- Line Scan Imaging Courtesy of EVK Copyright 2013 |
- 50. Industrial Applications Waste Sorting- Line Scan Imaging Copyright 2013 |
- 51. Industrial Applications Using aspectral filter 1x16 pixels Copyright 2013 |
- 52. Applications (II) :OCT • Optical Coherence Tomography • Invented in 1991 - MIT – Prof James Fujimoto • Very similar to ultrasound - Use fs light pulses instead of sound • Provides high resolution images - Opaque Samples - Depth information (6 mm) - Generate image “cubes” • (ND) Non-Destructive technique Prof James Fujimoto Image : Heidelberg Engineering Copyright 2013 |
- 53. OCT Principle :LCI • Low Coherence Interferometry - Two distinct beams • Reference Beam - Passes through optical delay-line • Sample Beam - Reflected by Reflector Sample • Interference @ Detector - Pattern contains information about layer composition Copyright 2013 |
- 54. OCT : SpectralInterferometry • Identical principle - Two distinct beams - But now mirror is fixed • Spectral response can be captured - Using detector line-array • Fourrier transform - contains information about layer composition Copyright 2013 |
- 55. OCT : 2Dsurface imaging • With either technique - Time domain or Spectrum based - Provides information on 1 point • Add scanning motion - Build Line or 2D depth profile • Some limitations : - Axial resolution can be good (< 10 µm) - Lateral resolution is limited (20 µm) - Axial scanning must be rapid (fringe blurring) - Lateral scanning is necessarily slower (~ 1 second per scan) Copyright 2013 |
- 56. • Most surfacescannot be penetrated with optical rays - CMOS and CCD devices not suited • But : SWIR (@ 1550 nm) can ! - Compatible wit InGaAs • Fast 2D camera is required - Speed of scan - Axial resolution - Deliver a 3D section without mechanical scanning • Currently one camera is compatible with FF OCT - Xenics Cheetah-640CL (1,730 fps) Infrared Based OCT Copyright 2013 |
- 57. Examples : MedicalImaging (I) • Perfect to image structures in the eye - Non-invasive optical imaging with - Millimeter penetration - Submicron resolution • Real time imaging possible • Very popular in eye clinics - 20 000 ophtalmic OCT systems - 2 000 new installations each year Copyright 2013 |
- 58. • Blood vesselimaging • High resolution images - Using catheder - Detect coronary artery diseases • OCT - Expected to replace ultrasound - Provides 10 x better resolution (4 – 20 μm vs 110 μm) • Clear and detailed image shows - Layered structure of the blood vessel wall - Intima (I), Media (M), and adventitia (A) Examples : Medical Imaging (II) Image : Thor Labs Copyright 2013 |
- 59. • OCT inDentistry • Detecting failing composite - Voids and fractures visible • Image comparison - X-ray (left) - OCT in background - Plain view (right) Examples : Medical Imaging (III) Image : Lantis Laser Copyright 2013 |
- 60. • In thenear future : - Handheld OCT device to visualize and map non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) under the skin - Early detection and treatment possible Examples : Medical Imaging (IV) Image : www.octnews.org Copyright 2013 |
- 61. • New andinnovative for quality assurance - Non-Destructive inspection technique - On-the-fly monitoring - Inspect manufacturing and assembly processes • Delivers cross-sectional images • MEMS pressure sensor - Several cross sections - At various depth levels OCT for industrial applications (I) Copyright 2013 |
- 62. • Fraunhofer-Institut ILT -OCT to investigate material properties - Test on plastic wall samples of a liquids container - 3 layers thick, including 100 µm diffusion barrier • Achievements : - Thickness and uniformity of each layer - In real time during a production - Higher process security, • Potential of large savings in production facilities OCT for industrial applications (II) Copyright 2013 |
- 63. Applications (III) :Si Industry • Si is transparant for SWIR radiation • This property can be exploited : - See through Silicon (look behind) - Inspect quality of the crystal (look inside) Copyright 2013 |
- 64. Applications (III) :Si Industry • An Ingot is a starting material for the Si industry - Fabricated from raw silicon - Either ▪ Crystalline (Circuit industry) ▪ Polycrystalline (Solar cell industry) Copyright 2013 |
- 65. Ingot inspection • Defectsor inclusions can be easily detected - Using SWIR camera Examples of Inclusions See ruler through ingot Perfect Ingot Copyright 2013 |
- 66. Si crack detection •Identical principle - Using SWIR camera detect cracks in polycristalline material Copyright 2013 |
- 67. Electroluminescence • If weapply power to a Solar Cell - Actually using it « the other way around » - Material emits at 1150 nm peak • Can be readily detected by InGaAs - Not at all adapted to CMOS/CCD sensors • Cristal structure can be monitored Copyright 2013 |
- 68. Electroluminescence • If wemonitor only radiation at 1450 nm - We can observe lattice defects Copyright 2013 |
- 69. Inspection and Circuitdefects • Using the same techniques - BGA soldering quality inspection (through silicon) - Circuit defect detection (forward biased junctions) BGA grid inspection Defect Detection Copyright 2013 |
- 70. Photon Emission Microscopy •Failure analysis technique - Localization of defects in semiconductor devices - Detect leaky junctions - Spot contact spiking (due to ESD) - Also latch-up, oxide breakdown • Requires dedicated sensor (SWIR) - Low noise - Low dark current - Has to be cooled to LNT Xenics corporate presentation Copyright 2013 |
- 71. Applications (IV) :Spectral sensing • Spectrometry - “Splits” light into basic components • Shows - What λ a material absorbs or reflects - Consequentially what material it is l1 ln Incoming light Spectrum Grating 2012 | 71 Copyright 2013 |
- 72. Spectroscopy • Spectral informationis used to “colour” the image • Different materials can be readily identified Source : Carinthian Tech Research Copyright 2013 |
- 73. Spectroscopy • Typical “MachineVision” application : - Waste sorting - Fruit or food monitoring (freshness) Copyright 2013 |
- 74. Hyperspectral imaging • Identicalto Spectroscopy - But for each individual pixel - On one line • Very usefull - It delivers an image - Tells us what is on the image - Delivers us a “cube” ▪ 2D : image ▪ 3D : spectral information l x Incoming light Spectrum Grating Copyright 2013 |
- 75. Hyperspectral imaging • Veryinteresting for material observation or identification • But also for defence - Camouflage detection : distinguish natural from man-made True Color Minerals I Minerals II Copyright 2013 |
- 76. Gobi Series • SmallestInfrared camera - for machine vision - for temperature measurement applications • GigE or CameraLink interface • Spectral response: 8.0 um up to 14 um • Resolution: 640x480; Pitch: 17 um • AD conversion: 16-bit • Frame rate: 50 fps • ROI (160x120, 50fps max) • Various lenses (if possible with similar mount) Copyright 2013 |
- 77. Key specifications • Uncooledbolometer camera with - 640 x 480 pixels, Pitch 17 μm - NETD typical 50mK @ f/1, 300K, 30Hz - LWIR: 8 – 14 μm - Frame rate 50 Hz - 16 bit ADC - Thermography - On-board image processing • Interface options - GigE vision and Power over Ethernet - CameraLink Copyright 2013 |
- 78. Applications (VII) :Thermography • Emitted energy in a specific band - Depends on objects Temperature - Sensor signal can be “converted” to T - Which defines “Thermography” • Temperature range defines sensor : - Lower Temperatures : MW/LW - Higher Temperatures : SW Copyright 2013 |
- 79. Thermography • Several applicationsexist - Machine Vision : Monitoring product lines - Fever Detection - Building Inspection • Measure temperature from a distance - Efficient integration into product line - Software can Automate alarms - Resolution ~ 2 % Copyright 2013 |
- 80. Thermography • Fever Detection -Requires sub-degree resolution - Preventing the spread of infectuous diseases - Uses inner corner of the eye • Used for security - Automatic detection of hot parts above adjustable threshold - Automatic triggering of visual and audible alarms - Easy installation for monitoring individuals and crowds Copyright 2013 |
- 81. Thermography • Building Inspection -Detect heat losses - Monitor Industrial Installations ▪ Detect anomalies (leks, losses) Copyright 2013 |
- 82. Thermography • Electronic Industry -Identify parts with high power dissipation - Evaluate cooling efficiency - Detect problems in early stage Copyright 2013 |
- 83. Industrial Applications In LineInspection Copyright 2013 |
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- 85. Industrial Applications Electronic Components PrototypePCB Board with both manufacturing and design errors B C A Fixed board A B C Copyright 2013 |
- 86. Applications (X) :Many, many more • Laser beam profiling and Wavefront analysis - Optical communication or laser industry Copyright 2013 |
- 87. Other Applications • Wavefrontsensing - Drive adaptive optics • Ultra fast imaging - 80 ns integration times - Allows for depth profiling Copyright 2013 |
- 88. Other Applications • Gasdetection - Temperature difference of flowing gas vs ambient • Aircraft speed sensors - Replace classical Pitot tube - Based on IR laser sensing ▪ Optical solution increases safety LWIR Copyright 2013 |
- 89. Other Applications • Last,but not least - Diferent wavelengths have different advatages - Sensor fusion delivers a “fused image” - All wavelength information on one single image • Used in - EVS (Enhanced Vision Systems) ▪ Airborne applications (Runway detection) - Fire detection - Security Meerkat Fusion Copyright 2013 |
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- 91. Firefighting assistance • MeerkatMobile - Ruggedized LWIR camera - For harsh environments - Based on uncooled (bolometer) detector Copyright 2013 |
- 92. Harsh Environments • Asa sidenote - Meerkat Mobile ▪ Being ruggedized - Compatible with different industrial applications ▪ i.e. Mining Industry ▪ Lots of dust … Copyright 2013 |
- 93. Applications (IX) :Night Vision • SWIR allows us to see : - Under moon or starlight conditions (a.k.a. airglow) - Gives a “similar” image as visible • MWIR/LWIR see emitted radiation - Warm and cold objects will generate an image - Based on their own emission - Works in complete darkness !! SWIR LWIR SWIR Copyright 2013 |
- 94. Night Vision :Safety & Security • These wavelengts are very popular • Safety - Pedestrian detection - Object detection • For Security - Intrusion detection - Surveillance SWIR Visible LWIR LWIR Visible Copyright 2013 |
- 95. Night Vision :Safety & Security • Other applications are - Border protection - Airport / Harbour protection - Critical Infrastructure Protection - Traffic monitoring • Often dedicated housing - Outdoor housings - Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) - Double housings ▪ For 2 wavelength detectors ▪ LWIR/SWIR/VIS SWIR LWIR Copyright 2013 |
- 96. Night Vision :Safety & Security • If the housing is compatible with Airborne applications - Camera can be mounted on helicopter or airplane Copyright 2013 |
- 97. Night Vision :Poaching • A useful application for protected wildlife - Surveillance by night - Finding and tracking wildlife - Helps to spot and identify poachers ▪ And to act accordingly • Pictures taken in Kruger Park, SA Copyright 2013 |
- 98. Defense & Security •Since SWIR needs a mnimum of light - Laser illumination (1550 nm) can be used in case of total darkness • But of course … - Also these laser sources can be detected • An important Defense application - Sniper detection - Requires very fast detector devices ▪ As muzzle flash is very short in time Copyright 2013 |
- 99. Applications (X) :Many, many more • Laser beam profiling and Wavefront analysis - Optical communication or laser industry Copyright 2013 |
- 100. Other Applications • Wavefrontsensing - Drive adaptive optics • Ultra fast imaging - 80 ns integration times - Allows for depth profiling Copyright 2013 |
- 101.