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Supply Chain Management (SCM) and E-commerce
Dokumen ini membahas manajemen rantai pasok (supply chain management) dan e-commerce, menjelaskan alur produk dari pemasok ke konsumen serta arus informasi dan keuangan yang terlibat. Selain itu, dijelaskan keuntungan dan kerugian dari e-commerce, termasuk penghematan biaya operasional dan potensi kesenjangan sosial. Contoh implementasi supply chain management di PT Pertamina dan manfaat e-commerce juga diuraikan.
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Supply Chain Management (SCM) and E-commerce
- 1. Presented By :Fenny Nur Handayani (10) Mira Rosita (12) Presentasi Kelompok Mata Kuliah Sistem Informasi Manajemen Dosen Pembimbing : Mardinawati Program Studi Komputerisasi Akuntansi POLITEKNIK NEGERI SEMARANG 2014
- 2. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT MANAJEMENRANTAI PASOK 1. merupakan mata rantai dimana produk dikirim dari pemasok atau berbagai pemasok kemudian masuk ke pabrik, distributor, grosir, sampai di tangan konsumen (Baroroh, 2009:1)
- 3. Arus material; melibatkanarus produk fisik dari pemasok sampai konsumen melalui rantai, sama baiknya dengan arus balik dari retur produk, layanan, daur ulang dan pembuangan. Arus informasi; meliputi ramalan permintaan, transmisi pesanan dan laporan status pesanan. Arus keuangan; meliputi informasi kartu kredit, syarat-syarat kredit, jadwal pembayaran, penetapan kepemilikan dan pengiriman. PROSES SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Sumber: I Nyoman Pujawan (2005)
- 4. Bagian Cakupan kegiatanantara lain Pengembangan produk Melakukan riset pasar, merancang produk baru, melibatkan supplier dalam perancangan produk baru Pengadaan Memilih supplier, mengavaluasi kinerja supplier, melakukan pembelian bahan baku dan komponen, memonitor supply risk, membina dan memelihara hubungan dengan supplier Perencanaan & Pengendalian Demand planning, peramalan permintaan, perencanaan kapasitas, perancanaan produksi dan persediaan Operasi / Produksi Eksekusi produksi, pengendalian kualitas Pengiriman / Distribusi Perencanaan jaringan distribusi, penjadwalan pengiriman, mencari dan memelihara hubungan dengan perusahaan jasa pengiriman, memonitor service level di tiap pusat distribusi Sumber: I Nyoman Pujawan (2005)
- 5. 1. Supplier (termasukSupplier’s supplier). Penyedia bahan pertama, dimana mata rantai penyaluran baru dimulai 2. Manufacturer. Pabrik atau perusahaan, yang membuat, merakit, sampai menyelesaikan (finishing) sehingga menjadi produk jadi. 3. Distribution. Perusahaan menyalurkan produknya ke distributor, biasanya pedagang besar 4. Retail Outlets. Oleh pedagang besar disalurkan kepada para pengecer, yang termasuk retailers adalah toko, warung, toserba, dsb. 5. Customer, Real Customer. Terakhir adalah para pembeli dan pemakai sesungguhnya Indrajit, dan Richardus Djokopranoto, 2002:4-5
- 6. Tujuan supply chain harusbisa menyediakan produk yang, Sumber: I Nyoman Pujawan (2005) 1. MURAH 4. BERVARIASI 2. BERKUA- LITAS 3. TEPAT WAKTU
- 7. 1. Mengurangi inventoridengan berbagai cara 2. Menjamin kelancaran penyediaan barang 3. Menjamin mutu Indrajit, dan Richardus Djokopranoto, 2002:4-5
- 8. SUPPLY CHAIN dan Keunggulan Kompetitif 1. ProductivityAdvantage. Cara bekerja dengan biaya rendah dengan kata lain Perusahaan memperoleh laba yang lebih tinggi. 2. Value Advantage. Kemampuan perusahaan untuk membedakan dirinya sendiri di mata konsumen dari para pesaingnya. Indrajit, dan Richardus Djokopranoto, 2002:4-5
- 9. CONTOH SUPPLAY CHAINMANAGEMENT (SCM) DALAM PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) Jalur Distribusi LPG 3 Kg berdasarkan "Pedoman Pencacahan dan Distribusi Elpiji 3 Kg" , No. 1688/F10000/ 2007- S3 berlaku tmt. 1 Agustus 2007 sebagai berikut (Pertamina, 2009). *sumber : Internet
- 10. E-COMMERCE Presentasi Kelompok MataKuliah Sistem Informasi Manajemen Dosen Pembimbing : Mardinawati Program Studi Komputerisasi Akuntansi POLITEKNIK NEGERI SEMARANG 2014 FENNY NUR HANDAYANI (10) dan MIRA ROSITA (12)
- 11. 2. E-COMMERCE E-Commerce adalahsuatu proses membeli dan menjual produk-produk secara elektronik oleh konsumen dan dari perusahaan ke perusahaan dengan computer sebagai perantara transaksi bisnis.
- 12. 1. Dapat meningkatkanmarket exposure (pangsa pasar). Transaksi on-line yang membuat semua orang di seluruh dunia dapat memesan dan membeli produk yang dijual hanya dengan melalui media komputer. 2. Menurunkan biaya operasional (operating cost). Transaksi E-Commerce adalah transaksi yang sebagian besar operasionalnya diprogram di dalam komputer sehingga biaya-biaya seperti showroom, beban gaji yang berlebihan, dan lain-lain tidak perlu terjadi. 3. Melebarkan jangkauan (global reach). Transaksi on-line yang dapat diakses oleh semua orang di dunia tidak terbatas tempat dan waktu karena semua orang dapat mengaksesnya hanya dengan menggunakan media perantara komputer. 4. Meningkatkan supply management. Transaksi E-Commerce menyebabkan pengefisienan biaya operasional pada perusahaan terutama pada jumlah karyawan dan jumlah stok barang yang tersedia sehingga untuk lebih menyempurnakan pengefisienan biaya tersebut maka sistem supply management yang baik harus ditingkatkan.
- 13. Keuntungan E-Commerce • PenghematanBiaya Operasional Bagi Perusahaan Biaya operasional dapat dihemat. Biaya untuk membuat, memproses, mendistribusikan, menyimpan, dan memperbaiki kembali informasi juga dapat ditekan • Bagi Konsumen Hemat waktu, bisa akses dimana saja dan kapan saja • Praktek kerja yang lebih fleksibel Bagi Masyarakat E-commerce memungkinkan masyarakat bisa lebih fleksibel dalam menentukan tempat bekerja, misalnya mereka dapat bekerja dari rumahnya masing-saing tanpa harus pergi ke kantor.
- 14. KEKURANGAN E-COMMERCE 1. Bagiorganisasi / perusahaan Keamanan sistem rentan diserang. Terdapat sejumlah laporan mengenai website dan basis data yang dihack, dan berbagai lubang kelemahan keamanan dalam software. 2. Bagi Konsumen Kurangnya kepercayaan karena konsumen berinteraksi hanya dengan komputer. 3. Bagi Masyarakat Kesenjangan sosial. Terdapat bahaya potensial karena dapat terjadi kesenjangan sosial antara orang-orang yang memiliki kemampuan teknis dalam e-commerce dengan yang tidak, yang memiliki keahlian digaji lebih tinggi daripada yang tidak.
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Editor's Notes
- #3 Custom animation effects: overlapping, transparent text(Intermediate)Tip: In the beginning of the instructions, the text boxes are referred to as “first,” “second,” and “third” based on the order in which they are created. Later on, in the animation reproduction instructions, they are referred to as “first,” “second,” and “third” based on the order in which they appear in the Selection and Visibility pane. To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click TextBox. On the slide, drag to draw a text box.Enter the text. (Note: To match the example above, enter transparent.)Select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following:In the Font list, select CenturyGothic.In the FontSize box, enter 90.Click Bold.Select the text box. Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArtStyles group, click the FormatTextEffects dialog box launcher. In the FormatTextEffects dialog box, click TextFill in the left pane, click Solidfill in the TextFill pane, and then do the following:Click the button next to Color, and then under ThemeColors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 40%.Drag the text box to the left side of the slide. Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Drag the second, duplicate text box to the right side of the slide.Right-click the second text box, click Edit Text,and edit the text. (Note: To match the example above, enter overlapping.)On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click SelectionPane.In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the second text box you created. (Note: Objects you created earlier will show up at the bottom of the list in the pane, and objects you created later will show up at the top.) Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the bottom left corner of the WordArtStyles group, click the FormatTextEffects dialog box launcher. In the FormatTextEffects dialog box, click TextFill in the left pane, and in the TextFill pane do the following:Click the button next to Color, and then under ThemeColors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 40%.In the Selection and Visibility pane, press and hold CTRL, and then select both text boxes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Selected Objects.Click Align Top.In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the second text box you created. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.In the Selection and Visibility pane, press and hold CTRL, and then select the second and third (black) text boxes you created. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Selected Objects.Click Align Top.ClickAlignLeft.In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the first (white) text box you created. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click BringForward.To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:To view beyond the edges of the slide, on the View tab, in the Zoom group, select Zoom. In the Zoom dialog box, select 50%.On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click CustomAnimation. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the second text box in the list. In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Subtle, click Fade.Select the animation effect (fade effect for the second text box). Under Modify: Fade,do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Speed list, select VeryFast.In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the second text box in the list. In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to MotionPaths, and then click Right.Select the second animation effect (right motion path for the second text box). Click the arrow to the right of the selected effect, and then click EffectOptions. In the Right dialog box,do the following:On the Effect tab, select Auto-Reverse. On the Timing tab, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious. In the Speed list, select 3 seconds (Slow).With the second animation effect still selected in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following on the slide: Point to the endpoint (red arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the endpoint approximately 5” beyond the right edge of the slide.Point to the starting point (green arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the starting point approximately 5” beyond the left edge of the slide.In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the thirdtext box in the list. In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Subtle, click Fade.Select the third animation effect (fade effect for the third text box). Click the arrow to the right of the selected effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Delay box, enter 0.5.In the Speed list, select 0.5 seconds (VeryFast).In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the thirdtext box in the list. In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to MotionPaths, and then click Left.Select the fourth animation effect (motion path for the third text box). Click the arrow to the right of the selected effect, and then click Timing. In the Left dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Delay box, enter 0.5.In the Speed list, select 3 seconds (Slow).With the fourth animation effect still selected in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following on the slide:Point to the endpoint (red arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the endpoint approximately 5” beyond the left edge of the slide.Point to the starting point (green arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the starting point approximately 5” beyond the right edge of the slide.In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the first text box in the list. In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Subtle, click Fade. Select the fifth animation effect (fade effect for the first text box). Click the arrow to the right of the selected effect, and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Delay box, enter 3.5.In the Speed list, select 0.5 seconds (VeryFast).In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the first text box in the list. In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to MotionPaths, and then click Right. Select the sixth animation effect (motion path for the first text box). Click the arrow to the right of the selected effect, and then click EffectOptions. In the Motion Path dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious. In the Delay box, enter 3.5.In the Speed list, select 3 seconds (Slow).With the sixth animation effect still selected in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following on the slide:Point to the endpoint (red arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the endpoint approximately 5” beyond the left edge of the slide.Point to the starting point (green arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the starting point approximately 5” beyond the right edge of the slide.To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under ThemeColors click White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under ThemeColors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 15% (fifth row, second option from the left).