IT IS A PRESENTATION MADE FOR THE INTERNSHIP,WHICH I HAVE ATTENDED,IT HAS INFORMATION ABOUT THE FORMWORK,CONCRETE PREPARATION AND ERECTION OF THE COLUMN
Interlocking Load-Bearing bricks system has been developed as a new technology for construction that provides strength, durability, and a natural finish at an affordable cost. The bricks are simpler and quicker to install than traditional methods, offering high quality finishing and value. They are suitable for residential and commercial buildings as well as landscaping structures.
This document describes technologies for producing cost effective building materials using environment friendly processes. It discusses several options for producing compressed earth bricks and fly ash-sand-lime-gypsum bricks using manual or hydraulic presses. The fly ash bricks can be produced at scales of 1.8 to 6 million bricks annually depending on the type of machine used. They have a compressive strength of 60-150 kg/cm2 and water absorption of 8-10%. Compressed earth blocks can also be made manually or using machines at scales of 150,000 to 360,000 blocks per year. Their compressive strength ranges from 20-100 kg/cm2. The document provides details on the machinery, production capacity, costs and other specifications for setting
Environment friendly building_material_technologies_for_low_cost_housing (1)Hammam El Meseiry
This document provides information on various environmentally friendly building material technologies for low-cost housing, including:
- A cement plant that can produce cement from 300-12,000 tons per day.
- Lime-sand bricks that are a good substitute for clay bricks and can be produced at a rate of 30 million pieces per year.
- Cement-waste slag bricks that utilize waste materials and can be produced at 15 million pieces per year.
- Concrete hollow blocks that have a wide range of raw material sources and can be produced through simple, semi-automatic, or fully automatic processes at various rates.
It then describes additional building materials like decorative concrete blocks, lightweight concrete panels, foam concrete
The construction sector is an important part of the Indian economy, contributing 10% to GDP. The Indian brick industry is the second largest producer of bricks in the world after China, producing 140 billion bricks annually using traditional methods. Interlocking bricks were pioneered in the early 1900s and have since been used in construction in Africa, Canada, the Middle East, and India as they are energy efficient, use local materials, maximize unskilled labor, and reduce construction costs. Examples of structures built with interlocking bricks without mortar include Machu Picchu, Pumapunku temple in Bolivia, and Umaid Bhawan Palace in India.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PRECAST CONSTRUCTION AND CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION FOR...Shabaz Khan
The document presents a comparative study between precast construction and conventional construction for low-cost housing. It analyzes the cost and time required for each type of construction based on a case study of a residential building project in Andhra Pradesh, India. The study found that precast construction has a slightly lower total cost (around 6% less) and significantly shorter completion time (355 days less) compared to conventional construction. It suggests several measures to promote increased use of precast construction in India, such as investment in research, standardization of elements, training more engineers, and government incentives.
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site and transporting to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
It is combination of good design with modern high performance components and quality controlled manufacturing procedures.
Prefabrication for improving Sustainability and Economics of Civil Engineerin...Ankit Singhai
The document discusses prefabrication in construction. It defines prefabrication as building components manufactured offsite and transported for assembly. It discusses the history of prefabrication dating back to ancient Rome and its use addressing housing shortages. Modern prefabrication benefits from technology like CAD, CAM, and BIM. Case studies on the Fort Sam Houston medical facility and Stack apartment building show how prefabrication improved schedule and quality. The conclusion is that prefabrication has potential to improve the economy, sustainability, and schedules while addressing issues like labor shortages.
This document discusses several cost effective construction materials that can be used for housing. It describes stabilized mud blocks, funicular shell roofing, ferrocement, fly ash blocks, and precast doors and windows frames as alternatives to traditional materials that save money. Mud blocks are produced using a manual or mechanical press and can be stabilized with cement or lime. Funicular shell roofs are lightweight, easy to manufacture, and cost effective. Ferrocement panels use mesh and cement mortar to construct walls, roofs, and doors, providing a low-cost solution. Adopting these cost effective materials and techniques can help address the growing need for affordable housing.
Interlocking Load-Bearing bricks system has been developed as a new technology for construction that provides strength, durability, and a natural finish at an affordable cost. The bricks are simpler and quicker to install than traditional methods, offering high quality finishing and value. They are suitable for residential and commercial buildings as well as landscaping structures.
This document describes technologies for producing cost effective building materials using environment friendly processes. It discusses several options for producing compressed earth bricks and fly ash-sand-lime-gypsum bricks using manual or hydraulic presses. The fly ash bricks can be produced at scales of 1.8 to 6 million bricks annually depending on the type of machine used. They have a compressive strength of 60-150 kg/cm2 and water absorption of 8-10%. Compressed earth blocks can also be made manually or using machines at scales of 150,000 to 360,000 blocks per year. Their compressive strength ranges from 20-100 kg/cm2. The document provides details on the machinery, production capacity, costs and other specifications for setting
Environment friendly building_material_technologies_for_low_cost_housing (1)Hammam El Meseiry
This document provides information on various environmentally friendly building material technologies for low-cost housing, including:
- A cement plant that can produce cement from 300-12,000 tons per day.
- Lime-sand bricks that are a good substitute for clay bricks and can be produced at a rate of 30 million pieces per year.
- Cement-waste slag bricks that utilize waste materials and can be produced at 15 million pieces per year.
- Concrete hollow blocks that have a wide range of raw material sources and can be produced through simple, semi-automatic, or fully automatic processes at various rates.
It then describes additional building materials like decorative concrete blocks, lightweight concrete panels, foam concrete
The construction sector is an important part of the Indian economy, contributing 10% to GDP. The Indian brick industry is the second largest producer of bricks in the world after China, producing 140 billion bricks annually using traditional methods. Interlocking bricks were pioneered in the early 1900s and have since been used in construction in Africa, Canada, the Middle East, and India as they are energy efficient, use local materials, maximize unskilled labor, and reduce construction costs. Examples of structures built with interlocking bricks without mortar include Machu Picchu, Pumapunku temple in Bolivia, and Umaid Bhawan Palace in India.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PRECAST CONSTRUCTION AND CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION FOR...Shabaz Khan
The document presents a comparative study between precast construction and conventional construction for low-cost housing. It analyzes the cost and time required for each type of construction based on a case study of a residential building project in Andhra Pradesh, India. The study found that precast construction has a slightly lower total cost (around 6% less) and significantly shorter completion time (355 days less) compared to conventional construction. It suggests several measures to promote increased use of precast construction in India, such as investment in research, standardization of elements, training more engineers, and government incentives.
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site and transporting to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
It is combination of good design with modern high performance components and quality controlled manufacturing procedures.
Prefabrication for improving Sustainability and Economics of Civil Engineerin...Ankit Singhai
The document discusses prefabrication in construction. It defines prefabrication as building components manufactured offsite and transported for assembly. It discusses the history of prefabrication dating back to ancient Rome and its use addressing housing shortages. Modern prefabrication benefits from technology like CAD, CAM, and BIM. Case studies on the Fort Sam Houston medical facility and Stack apartment building show how prefabrication improved schedule and quality. The conclusion is that prefabrication has potential to improve the economy, sustainability, and schedules while addressing issues like labor shortages.
This document discusses several cost effective construction materials that can be used for housing. It describes stabilized mud blocks, funicular shell roofing, ferrocement, fly ash blocks, and precast doors and windows frames as alternatives to traditional materials that save money. Mud blocks are produced using a manual or mechanical press and can be stabilized with cement or lime. Funicular shell roofs are lightweight, easy to manufacture, and cost effective. Ferrocement panels use mesh and cement mortar to construct walls, roofs, and doors, providing a low-cost solution. Adopting these cost effective materials and techniques can help address the growing need for affordable housing.
Prefabricated structures were used more in the UK after World War 2 due to a shortage of housing. The Burt Committee was formed in 1942 to investigate alternative construction methods and prefabrication. This led to an increase in non-traditional homes like timber frame houses. Current prefabrication uses various modularization approaches. Benefits include reduced construction time and costs. Barriers include perceptions of quality and performance based on past issues. Projects now aim to further reduce costs, time, defects and environmental impacts through greater use of off-site prefabrication.
Introduction of Prefabricated structuresYogi Yogesh
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. It aims to reduce costs, improve quality, and speed up construction. Advantages include reduced work time, fewer workers needed, and omitting interruptions. Limitations include size restrictions and transport difficulties. Modular coordination standardizes dimensions. Precast construction allows for industrial quality control while limiting on-site space needs and waste.
The document discusses factors that influence the cost of constructing a 3-storey shop-house with a 2-storey basement located in town. Five key factors are discussed: 1) accessibility to the site due to town location, 2) accessibility to resources, 3) security needs, 4) use of machinery and equipment like scaffolding, and 5) the material storage requirements. Each factor's characteristics and how it can increase costs, such as through additional labor, equipment rental, or construction delays, are described over the multiple pages. Underground services, the water table level, and soil conditions like clay are also outlined as cost considerations.
Low cost housing aims to reduce construction costs while maintaining safety and quality. Building material costs typically account for 65-70% of total costs, while labor accounts for 30-35%. Costs can be reduced by using locally available, low-cost materials and improving construction scheduling. Demonstration houses in various cities used materials like concrete blocks, filler slab roofs, and ferrocement doors to achieve costs of Rs.40,000-60,000 per unit. Waste materials and industrial byproducts can also be utilized in building materials to further reduce expenses.
This report summarizes Sunil Lokhande's visits to an active construction site where a mosque was being built. Over multiple visits, Lokhande observed construction processes like bricklaying, mixing and placing concrete and mortar, formwork installation, and staircase construction. He asked questions to gain information on materials used, construction techniques, costs, and curing processes. Lokhande concluded that visiting an active construction site provided valuable practical experience that supplemented his classroom learning of architectural and construction concepts.
Role and Importance of Pre-fabrication in Promoting Sustainable Built Enviro...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to define role and importance of pre-fabrication in creating built environment and its advantages over and above the traditional system of construction in terms of cost, speed, wastage, quality, theft ,safety etc
The document discusses prefabricated concrete structures. It begins with an abstract that defines prefabrication as assembling components in a factory that are then transported to the construction site. It notes precast concrete comes in various shapes and sizes. The document then covers types of precast elements like walls, columns, and slabs. It discusses the production process for these elements and advantages like reduced cost and time. Finally, it provides examples of precast concrete implementation in large infrastructure projects in Karnataka, India.
Low cost housing is needed to address issues like growing populations, rising land and construction costs, and to provide affordable options for low-income groups. Materials selection is key to reducing costs, prioritizing locally available, low embodied energy, and recyclable materials. Techniques like using waste materials in blocks, prefabricated panels, and composite materials can significantly reduce costs compared to conventional construction. Glass fiber reinforced gypsum panels is one promising system that reduces costs, speeds up construction, and still provides structural integrity for multi-story buildings. While low-cost techniques address affordability, proper design and limitations are still required.
Presentation on pre fabricated construction systems by noshad ahmed 15crp46Noshad Ahmed Wahocho
The document presents information on pre-fabricated construction systems. It discusses the history of pre-fabrication dating back thousands of years and its increased use in the 20th century. It also outlines the main types of pre-fabricated housing - modular, panelized, pre-cut, and manufactured. The advantages are listed as reduced costs, time, and weather dependency while disadvantages include risk of damage during transport and need for skilled labor and equipment for assembly.
Construction Technology I Presentation SlidesJiaYu36
This document discusses factors that may influence the cost of constructing a 3-storey shop-house with a 2-storey basement located in town. Five key cost factors are identified: 1) the cost of the design, 2) site investigation and clearance, 3) construction tools, 4) choice of materials, and 5) temporary work. Each factor is then described in 1-2 sentences with regards to how it impacts construction costs.
Precast technology was used to construct a 24-story residential building in Mumbai's seismic zone 3 in record time. Standardized precast concrete elements like walls, slabs, and stairs were cast in a factory and assembled on site with joints. The use of precast construction led to increased productivity, speed of construction, quality control, worker safety, and reduced environmental impact compared to traditional construction. This project demonstrated the technical and economic feasibility of using precast technology for high-rise construction in India.
This document provides an overview and methodology for a project to design and analyze a 7-story commercial building in Nepal to make it resilient against earthquakes. It discusses the motivation for building resilient structures, describes the strategic objectives of analyzing structural elements and using software for modeling. The methodology section outlines the process from title selection to final report preparation. The document also provides background on construction practices in Nepal, describes typical building features, and identifies the site location in Gaindakot, Nawalparasi.
Prefabricated house assembly is simpler than assembling a puzzle.
The job is to put the home or building components together that been pre-arranged and numbered at the factory.
The document proposes constructing a one-storey residential building to address the client's housing needs. It will include three bedrooms, two kitchens, and a porch. The building will cost approximately 1.15 million pesos to build and will solve the client's current problems of high rental costs and transportation expenses, while providing a comfortable living environment. Facility requirements like appliances, electricity, and water access are also addressed. The construction is proposed to alleviate the client's housing issues for many years.
The document discusses innovations in sustainable construction, specifically the rapid construction of the T30A Tower Hotel in China. Some key points:
- The 30-story hotel was built in just 15 days using prefabricated components that were 90% factory-made, such as precast concrete slabs and columns for the structure.
- This innovative construction method called "Broad Sustainable Building" aims to construct buildings more efficiently and with less waste than traditional methods.
- The prefabricated design also provides benefits like earthquake resistance, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and minimal construction waste.
This document summarizes recent construction technologies presented by Chandana Yadav. It discusses technologies like robot swarm construction using drones, carbon nanotubes to strengthen materials, self-healing concrete using capsules of healing agents, permeable plastic roads that allow water drainage, aerogel as an ultra-light insulating material, drones for advanced mapping, 3D printing for construction elements and structures, using recycled plastic to build durable roads, and holographic computers to view 3D designs overlaid on the physical world. The technologies aim to make construction faster, more sustainable and durable using innovative materials, automation, and information technologies.
Prefabricated structures involve assembling pre-made components on site rather than constructing entirely on site. They have several benefits including reduced costs from bulk material purchases and mass production techniques. There are three main types of prefabricated structures: prefabricated components like doors and windows, modular housing where entire housing sections are assembled on site, and manufactured homes that are fully constructed off site. Prefabrication has a long history dating back to the 1800s with some of the earliest examples being portable cottages shipped from London. Benefits include reduced construction timelines and costs as well as improved quality control.
This document provides information on various precast concrete construction elements including precast double walls, precast solid walls, box culverts, reinforced concrete pipes, and chimney elements. Precast double walls consist of two reinforced concrete panels with space in between filled with concrete on site. Benefits include fast construction, strength, and ability to incorporate windows and doors during production. Box culverts and pipes are used for road and infrastructure projects. Chimney elements provide ventilation for infrastructure lines and maintain their shape over time. Contact information is provided at the end.
This document summarizes a student's technical site visit report to an Andes Condo Villa construction site. The objectives of the site visit were to recognize measurable construction items, understand construction processes, and ensure safety practices. At the site, the student observed pile foundations, formworks, reinforced concrete grades used, and construction equipment. The student concluded they gained valuable experience in construction technologies, building materials, and the importance of safety and teamwork in construction projects.
building Site report for 1st year students of B.sc Civil Engineering... this will be helpful in case you have just joined Civil Engineering Class and Your Teacher ask you to prepare a report based on Basic Knowledge.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Compressed Stabilized Earth BlockIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on compressed stabilized earth blocks. The study aimed to introduce a new sustainable and economical building material made from locally available soil. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the optimum content of stabilizers like cement, lime and fly ash to maximize the compressive strength of compressed stabilized earth blocks. The blocks were also reinforced with polypropylene fiber in various percentages to improve crack resistance. The study found that compressed stabilized earth blocks offered advantages over conventional clay bricks like utilizing local materials, reducing costs, providing insulation and strength, and creating less environmental pollution.
This document discusses cellular lightweight concrete (CLC), including its production process and properties. CLC is produced by mixing cement, fly ash, water and a stable foam to create lightweight, insulating concrete blocks. The production process involves preparing molds, mixing foam, charging the mixer with cement/fly ash and foam, pouring the mixture into molds, curing, and assembling blocks. Test results show that after 21 days, CLC blocks made with a protein-based foam had a compressive strength 8.96 N/mm2, higher than conventional clay bricks. CLC blocks use waste fly ash, are lighter than clay bricks, and can replace them in construction as a more sustainable building material. Rat-trap bonding is
Prefabricated structures were used more in the UK after World War 2 due to a shortage of housing. The Burt Committee was formed in 1942 to investigate alternative construction methods and prefabrication. This led to an increase in non-traditional homes like timber frame houses. Current prefabrication uses various modularization approaches. Benefits include reduced construction time and costs. Barriers include perceptions of quality and performance based on past issues. Projects now aim to further reduce costs, time, defects and environmental impacts through greater use of off-site prefabrication.
Introduction of Prefabricated structuresYogi Yogesh
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. It aims to reduce costs, improve quality, and speed up construction. Advantages include reduced work time, fewer workers needed, and omitting interruptions. Limitations include size restrictions and transport difficulties. Modular coordination standardizes dimensions. Precast construction allows for industrial quality control while limiting on-site space needs and waste.
The document discusses factors that influence the cost of constructing a 3-storey shop-house with a 2-storey basement located in town. Five key factors are discussed: 1) accessibility to the site due to town location, 2) accessibility to resources, 3) security needs, 4) use of machinery and equipment like scaffolding, and 5) the material storage requirements. Each factor's characteristics and how it can increase costs, such as through additional labor, equipment rental, or construction delays, are described over the multiple pages. Underground services, the water table level, and soil conditions like clay are also outlined as cost considerations.
Low cost housing aims to reduce construction costs while maintaining safety and quality. Building material costs typically account for 65-70% of total costs, while labor accounts for 30-35%. Costs can be reduced by using locally available, low-cost materials and improving construction scheduling. Demonstration houses in various cities used materials like concrete blocks, filler slab roofs, and ferrocement doors to achieve costs of Rs.40,000-60,000 per unit. Waste materials and industrial byproducts can also be utilized in building materials to further reduce expenses.
This report summarizes Sunil Lokhande's visits to an active construction site where a mosque was being built. Over multiple visits, Lokhande observed construction processes like bricklaying, mixing and placing concrete and mortar, formwork installation, and staircase construction. He asked questions to gain information on materials used, construction techniques, costs, and curing processes. Lokhande concluded that visiting an active construction site provided valuable practical experience that supplemented his classroom learning of architectural and construction concepts.
Role and Importance of Pre-fabrication in Promoting Sustainable Built Enviro...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to define role and importance of pre-fabrication in creating built environment and its advantages over and above the traditional system of construction in terms of cost, speed, wastage, quality, theft ,safety etc
The document discusses prefabricated concrete structures. It begins with an abstract that defines prefabrication as assembling components in a factory that are then transported to the construction site. It notes precast concrete comes in various shapes and sizes. The document then covers types of precast elements like walls, columns, and slabs. It discusses the production process for these elements and advantages like reduced cost and time. Finally, it provides examples of precast concrete implementation in large infrastructure projects in Karnataka, India.
Low cost housing is needed to address issues like growing populations, rising land and construction costs, and to provide affordable options for low-income groups. Materials selection is key to reducing costs, prioritizing locally available, low embodied energy, and recyclable materials. Techniques like using waste materials in blocks, prefabricated panels, and composite materials can significantly reduce costs compared to conventional construction. Glass fiber reinforced gypsum panels is one promising system that reduces costs, speeds up construction, and still provides structural integrity for multi-story buildings. While low-cost techniques address affordability, proper design and limitations are still required.
Presentation on pre fabricated construction systems by noshad ahmed 15crp46Noshad Ahmed Wahocho
The document presents information on pre-fabricated construction systems. It discusses the history of pre-fabrication dating back thousands of years and its increased use in the 20th century. It also outlines the main types of pre-fabricated housing - modular, panelized, pre-cut, and manufactured. The advantages are listed as reduced costs, time, and weather dependency while disadvantages include risk of damage during transport and need for skilled labor and equipment for assembly.
Construction Technology I Presentation SlidesJiaYu36
This document discusses factors that may influence the cost of constructing a 3-storey shop-house with a 2-storey basement located in town. Five key cost factors are identified: 1) the cost of the design, 2) site investigation and clearance, 3) construction tools, 4) choice of materials, and 5) temporary work. Each factor is then described in 1-2 sentences with regards to how it impacts construction costs.
Precast technology was used to construct a 24-story residential building in Mumbai's seismic zone 3 in record time. Standardized precast concrete elements like walls, slabs, and stairs were cast in a factory and assembled on site with joints. The use of precast construction led to increased productivity, speed of construction, quality control, worker safety, and reduced environmental impact compared to traditional construction. This project demonstrated the technical and economic feasibility of using precast technology for high-rise construction in India.
This document provides an overview and methodology for a project to design and analyze a 7-story commercial building in Nepal to make it resilient against earthquakes. It discusses the motivation for building resilient structures, describes the strategic objectives of analyzing structural elements and using software for modeling. The methodology section outlines the process from title selection to final report preparation. The document also provides background on construction practices in Nepal, describes typical building features, and identifies the site location in Gaindakot, Nawalparasi.
Prefabricated house assembly is simpler than assembling a puzzle.
The job is to put the home or building components together that been pre-arranged and numbered at the factory.
The document proposes constructing a one-storey residential building to address the client's housing needs. It will include three bedrooms, two kitchens, and a porch. The building will cost approximately 1.15 million pesos to build and will solve the client's current problems of high rental costs and transportation expenses, while providing a comfortable living environment. Facility requirements like appliances, electricity, and water access are also addressed. The construction is proposed to alleviate the client's housing issues for many years.
The document discusses innovations in sustainable construction, specifically the rapid construction of the T30A Tower Hotel in China. Some key points:
- The 30-story hotel was built in just 15 days using prefabricated components that were 90% factory-made, such as precast concrete slabs and columns for the structure.
- This innovative construction method called "Broad Sustainable Building" aims to construct buildings more efficiently and with less waste than traditional methods.
- The prefabricated design also provides benefits like earthquake resistance, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and minimal construction waste.
This document summarizes recent construction technologies presented by Chandana Yadav. It discusses technologies like robot swarm construction using drones, carbon nanotubes to strengthen materials, self-healing concrete using capsules of healing agents, permeable plastic roads that allow water drainage, aerogel as an ultra-light insulating material, drones for advanced mapping, 3D printing for construction elements and structures, using recycled plastic to build durable roads, and holographic computers to view 3D designs overlaid on the physical world. The technologies aim to make construction faster, more sustainable and durable using innovative materials, automation, and information technologies.
Prefabricated structures involve assembling pre-made components on site rather than constructing entirely on site. They have several benefits including reduced costs from bulk material purchases and mass production techniques. There are three main types of prefabricated structures: prefabricated components like doors and windows, modular housing where entire housing sections are assembled on site, and manufactured homes that are fully constructed off site. Prefabrication has a long history dating back to the 1800s with some of the earliest examples being portable cottages shipped from London. Benefits include reduced construction timelines and costs as well as improved quality control.
This document provides information on various precast concrete construction elements including precast double walls, precast solid walls, box culverts, reinforced concrete pipes, and chimney elements. Precast double walls consist of two reinforced concrete panels with space in between filled with concrete on site. Benefits include fast construction, strength, and ability to incorporate windows and doors during production. Box culverts and pipes are used for road and infrastructure projects. Chimney elements provide ventilation for infrastructure lines and maintain their shape over time. Contact information is provided at the end.
This document summarizes a student's technical site visit report to an Andes Condo Villa construction site. The objectives of the site visit were to recognize measurable construction items, understand construction processes, and ensure safety practices. At the site, the student observed pile foundations, formworks, reinforced concrete grades used, and construction equipment. The student concluded they gained valuable experience in construction technologies, building materials, and the importance of safety and teamwork in construction projects.
building Site report for 1st year students of B.sc Civil Engineering... this will be helpful in case you have just joined Civil Engineering Class and Your Teacher ask you to prepare a report based on Basic Knowledge.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Compressed Stabilized Earth BlockIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on compressed stabilized earth blocks. The study aimed to introduce a new sustainable and economical building material made from locally available soil. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the optimum content of stabilizers like cement, lime and fly ash to maximize the compressive strength of compressed stabilized earth blocks. The blocks were also reinforced with polypropylene fiber in various percentages to improve crack resistance. The study found that compressed stabilized earth blocks offered advantages over conventional clay bricks like utilizing local materials, reducing costs, providing insulation and strength, and creating less environmental pollution.
This document discusses cellular lightweight concrete (CLC), including its production process and properties. CLC is produced by mixing cement, fly ash, water and a stable foam to create lightweight, insulating concrete blocks. The production process involves preparing molds, mixing foam, charging the mixer with cement/fly ash and foam, pouring the mixture into molds, curing, and assembling blocks. Test results show that after 21 days, CLC blocks made with a protein-based foam had a compressive strength 8.96 N/mm2, higher than conventional clay bricks. CLC blocks use waste fly ash, are lighter than clay bricks, and can replace them in construction as a more sustainable building material. Rat-trap bonding is
The document is a site visit report for a construction project comprising 96 residential units. It includes an introduction, objectives of the site visit, summaries of the site layout and house types, and observations of construction materials and methods used - including scaffolding, formwork, pad footings, and reinforced concrete. Photos supplement the technical descriptions and the conclusion reflects on the learning experience gained from directly observing construction practices.
The document provides information about building materials and construction topics. It discusses the advantages of stainless steel toilets over ceramic toilets, including being lighter weight and more durable. It also discusses properties of steel, types of false ceilings, the differences between cement mortar, cement concrete and reinforced cement concrete, and functions and properties of mortar.
Practical field Training and Report submissionmiskeen ali
This document provides details of a student's field training report on a parking area and sports complex construction project. It describes the excavation process, concrete work including foundations, and construction of brick walls. It also discusses the use of reinforcement, shuttering, formwork, and the timeline for removing forms based on the structural component. The student gained valuable experience implementing various construction techniques and learning to address problems on site.
The document outlines a 15-day site visit and presentation by a civil engineering student to observe the various stages of construction of a building, including site preparation, foundation work, construction of columns, walls, slabs, electrical and plumbing installation, and plastering. Over the course of the site visit, the student documented progress through photos and descriptions of activities like excavation, concrete work, bricklaying, and installation of infrastructure. The presentation provides an overview of the key steps and materials involved in the construction process.
Development OF Low Cost Durable Precast Compound WallIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of a low-cost durable precast compound wall. It begins with an introduction discussing the benefits of precast construction over traditional methods such as reduced construction time and costs. It then discusses the materials used for precast concrete walls such as concrete, steel reinforcement, structural steel, and non-cementitious materials. The objectives of the research are to find a low-cost construction method that offers minimum time. A literature review discusses previous research on precast walls that found benefits like improved quality, reduced weight, and affordability compared to traditional brick walls. The goal is to conclude that precast walls can provide a simpler, faster and cheaper construction method.
This report summarizes a site visit to a construction project building 42 terraced houses. Key points include:
- The project is estimated to cost 11 million Malaysian ringgit and take 1.5 years to complete.
- Concrete framed structures use columns, beams, and slabs made of grade 25 concrete reinforced with steel rebar.
- Materials observed on site included formwork, bricks, zinc doors/windows, and plumbing pipes.
- The visit provided first-hand experience of construction processes and safety practices like wearing helmets.
The Suitability of Crushed Over Burnt Bricks as Coarse Aggregate for ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using crushed over burnt bricks as coarse aggregate in concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of crushed over burnt brick aggregates and their suitability for replacing traditional stone aggregates at different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The density and compressive strength of the concrete mixes decreased as the percentage of burnt brick aggregate increased. Software analysis using ANSYS found that up to 50% replacement resulted in acceptable deformation, strain, and stress levels under a high load, suggesting burnt brick aggregate can be used as a partial replacement at up to 50% to create economical concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Thermocrete PanelIRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental investigation of thermocrete panels. Thermocrete panels are reinforced concrete sandwich panels consisting of an expanded polystyrene core sandwiched between two layers of welded wire mesh, with a concrete mix applied to the exterior surfaces. The study tested thermocrete panels for their flexural strength, compressive strength, and thermal insulating properties. Results showed that the panels had high flexural strength and compressive strength while providing good thermal insulation. Thermocrete panels offer advantages over traditional concrete as they are lighter weight, easy to mold and install, water resistant, thermally insulating, and can be used in a variety of building construction applications.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Thermocrete PanelIRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental investigation of thermocrete panels. Thermocrete panels are reinforced concrete sandwich panels consisting of an expanded polystyrene core sandwiched between two layers of welded wire mesh, with a concrete mix applied to the exterior surfaces. The study tested thermocrete panels for properties like flexural strength and load-deflection behavior at various ages. Results showed increasing flexural strength and stiffness with age. Thermocrete panels offer advantages over traditional concrete like lighter weight, thermal insulation, and ease of application for uses like roofs, walls, floors, and more.
This document discusses different types of concrete. It begins by explaining that concrete is composed of cement, fine aggregates like sand, and coarse aggregates mixed with water. It then describes several types of concrete including ordinary concrete, self-compacting concrete, reinforced cement concrete, precast concrete, prestressed concrete, and pervious concrete. For each type, it provides a brief definition and some of the key characteristics. The document focuses on explaining the composition and properties of different concretes used in construction.
Behavior of Concrete Using Copper Slag As A Strength Parameter in Low Cost Co...ijtsrd
The value of concrete in present society cannot be underestimated. We can see concrete structures everywhere, such as buildings, roads, bridges, and dams. There is no escaping the impact concrete makes on your everyday life. Concrete is a composite material which is made up of filler and a binder. Typical concrete is a mixture of fine aggregate sand , coarse aggregate rock , cement, and water. Cement and lime are usually used as binding materials, while the sand binder is mixed as fine aggregates and crushed stones, gravel, broken bricks clinker is employed as coarse aggregates. The concrete having cement, sand and coarse aggregates mix up in an appropriate percentage in addition to water is called cement concrete. In this kind of concrete, cement is used as a binding substance, sand as fine aggregates and gravel, crushed stones as coarse aggregates.An investigation relating to the use of byproducts to enhance the functions of concrete has been about for many years. In the recent years, the researchers have been made to use industry by products such as fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag, glass cullet, etc., in concrete production and civil applications. The potential uses of industrial byproducts in concrete or as a partial aggregate substitution or as a partial cement substitution depending on their chemical composition and grain size, The utilization of these materials in concrete comes from the environmental constraints in the safe disposal of these products. Big interest is being focused on the environment and safeguarding of natural resources and recycling of waste materials. Various industries are producing a significant number of products which incorporate residues such as reclaimed aggregates, reclaimed asphalt pavement, foundry sand, copper slag, fly ash, glass cullet, polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene HDPE , unplasticized polyvinyl chloride UPVC , plasticized polyvinyl chloride PPVC , low density polyethylene LDPE , polypropylene PP , polystyrene PS , expanded polystyrene UPS . Priyatam Kumar | H. L. Yadav "Behavior of Concrete Using Copper Slag As A Strength Parameter in Low Cost Construction Work" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26689.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26689/behavior-of-concrete-using-copper-slag-as-a-strength-parameter-in-low-cost-construction-work/priyatam-kumar
This document discusses recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). It defines RAC as concrete produced using recycled concrete aggregates. These aggregates are produced by crushing waste concrete. The document outlines the characteristics, classification, production process, uses, benefits and conclusions regarding RAC. It finds that RAC has lower strength but can be used for applications like road bases. Using RAC provides benefits like reduced waste and cost savings compared to using natural aggregates.
The document discusses various types of reinforcement and formwork materials used for speedy construction. It describes four main types of reinforcement - hot rolled deformed bars, mild steel plain bars, cold worked steel reinforcement, and pre-stressing steel. It also discusses four common formwork systems - table or flying formwork, column formwork, horizontal panel systems, and vertical panel systems. The formwork systems allow for faster construction through modular, engineered components that reduce time, costs, and waste compared to traditional formwork.
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Properties of Pervious Concrete (No Fine ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the properties of pervious concrete (no fine concrete). Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete with high permeability that allows water to pass through its pores. It is commonly used in pavements and parking areas to reduce stormwater runoff. The study investigates the effects of replacing cement with titanium dioxide powder and coarse aggregates with sea shell powder and steel slag aggregates at various percentages on the strength and permeability of pervious concrete. Compressive strength and permeability tests were conducted on concrete cubes at different curing periods. The results showed that replacing materials can influence the strength of pervious concrete without significantly affecting its permeability.
Design of earth-retaining structures - Lecture 6Chris Bridges
This document discusses the design of a soil nailed retaining wall for a tunnel project. It provides information on soil nailing including components, applications, advantages and disadvantages. It then presents a case study on the Kedron Park Hotel Tunnels project which required a 30m deep excavation near existing structures. The document outlines the contractor's design for a soil nailed wall with 18m of nails and 10m of piles. It discusses factors considered in the design like tunnelling impacts, modeling techniques, and construction requirements. The adopted wall geometry, sizing of nails, design codes and analysis methods are presented.
The document discusses various types of reinforcement and formwork materials used for speedy construction. It describes hot rolled deformed bars, mild steel plain bars, cold worked steel reinforcement, and pre-stressing steel as the main types of reinforcement. It also discusses different types of formwork systems including conventional timber formwork, MS formwork, and advanced systems like table or flying formwork, column formwork, horizontal panel formwork, and vertical panel formwork. The advanced formwork systems allow for faster construction, better quality, and reduced costs.
IRJET- Performance Evaluation of Concrete by using Waste GlassIRJET Journal
1) The document evaluates using waste glass as a replacement for coarse aggregates in concrete. Various studies have shown that waste glass can effectively replace coarse aggregates without substantially changing the concrete's strength.
2) An experiment was conducted to compare the compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths of concrete with different proportions of glass waste used as coarse aggregate, against a control concrete without glass waste.
3) The results showed that concrete can be produced with acceptable strength levels even when the coarse aggregate is replaced with 25% glass waste. At this replacement level, the cost of the concrete is reduced by 3.7% compared to the control mix.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
3. TRIPLICANE SITE
Project: G+1 residential building
Location: Venkatachalam lane,Triplicane
Construction company: KKR architects,Chennai.
TIRUPATTUR SITE
Project: Estimation of cost of G+1 building
Location:Ngo nagar,Tirupattur
Construction company: Vasanth planners and designers
Duration: 6st june to 8th july 2018
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4. MY INVOLVEMENT:
AREA OF STUDY:
• Footing
• Plinth beams
• Form work for columns,beams and slabs.
• Brick work.
MY WORK EXPERIENCE:
• I was given a task to inspect the form work and reinforcement
for columns.
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5. MY INVOLVEMENT:
Autocad drawing.
Estimation
MY WORK EXPERIENCE:
I was asked to help in preparing the complete estimate of
a G+1 residential building.
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6. The residential building is constructed in NGO nagar
tirupattur.
It is a framed RCC structure.
The total area is 2400 sq.ft.
The built up area is 3696 sq.ft
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10. Plain cement concrete (PCC) is used to provide rigid
impervious bed to RCC in foundation where the earth is
soft and yielding.
Plain cement concrete can also called only “cement
concrete (CC)” or “binding concrete”. M 25 grade of
concrete is prepared .
materials used are cement,fine aggregate,coarse
aggregate and water.
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11. Cement may be described as a material with adhesive and
cohesive properties that make it capable of bonding mineral
fragments (‗aggregates‘) into a compact whole. In this
process, it imparts strength and durability to the hardened
mass called concrete.
The cements used in the making of concrete are called
hydraulic cements so named, because they have the property
of reacting chemically with water in an exothermic (heat
generating) process called hydration that results in water
resistant products.
We generally use Portland cement in PCC.
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12. Sand is used as fine aggregate in PCC. The fineness modulus
of sand should be 1.2 to 1.5.
We normally use brick chips for producing PCC. Stone chips
can also be used for this purpose. The size of the coarse
aggregate is 20mm downgrade
A number of tests have been described to assess the quality of
the aggregate, in terms of the following physical and
mechanical properties.
Particle size,shape,water content,strength,water
absorbtion,specific gravity.
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13. Water has a significant role to play in the making of concrete
— in mixing of fresh concrete and in curing of hardened
concrete.
In order to ensure proper strength development and durability
of concrete, it is necessary that the water used for mixing and
curing is free from impurities such as oils, acids, alkalis, salts,
sugar and organic materials.
Water that is fit for human consumption (i.e., potable water) is
generally considered to be suitable for concreting. However,
when the portability of the water is suspect, it is advisable to
perform a chemical analysis of the water.
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14. Concrete mix proportion is 1:1.5:3.
M25 grade of concrete is prepared.
Manual mixing is done, as the site is small and
requirement is also less.
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17. As fresh concrete is in plastic state when it is placed for
construction purpose so, it becomes necessary to provide
some temporary structure to confine and support the concrete
till it gains sufficient strength for self-supporting.
This temporary structure is called form work. Concrete
formwork serves as a mold to produce concrete elements
having a desired size and configuration.
It is usually erected for this purpose and then removed after
the concrete has cured to a satisfactory strength. In some
cases, concrete forms may be left in place to become part of
the permanent structure.
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18. The formworks of any type and of any place will
be required:
To be rigid enough to confine plastic concrete at the lines
grades and dimensions indicated on the form plans without
bulging or sagging under the load,
To be constructed as mortar tight as possible to prevent the
loss of concrete ingredients throughout the joints between the
sections.
To be easy to remove with minimal damage to the concrete
surface.
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29. A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a
structural element that transmits, through compression, the
weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
In other words, a column is a compression member.
Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on
which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture,
"column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain
proportional and decorative features.
A column might also be a decorative element not needed for
structural purposes.
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30. First we set the mould for the column .
Then the reinforcement for the column was decided.
Reinforcement was placed ,stirrups we placed ,then
mould was placed .
Concrete was prepared and poured in the mould.
Compaction was done(25 times compaction in each
layer) .
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35. During the period of my internship, I have faced some problems at the
office and the site,some of the problems are :
Communication problem with workers in the office and at the site.
Shortage of working drawings like structural, architectural, sanitary,
electrical and some other details.
Weather condition of the site.
Shortage of knowledge in some portion of the work at the site.
Underestimation by workers such as engineers.
Unsatisfactory answers for questions from engineers.
Safety facility.
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36. The internship is not only depending on the practical aspect
but it also help students to upgrade or increase knowledge on
already that they have.
The aim of the internship is to address more practical knowledge
for student.
I have improved my interpersonal communication skills,team
playing skills, leadership skills entrepreneurship skills during
the internship period.
Practical application of theoretically studied work is viewed on
site.
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