This document discusses sampling in research. It defines sampling as selecting a subset of a population to study and generalize findings to the larger group. Key terms are defined, like population, target population, sample, and sampling frame. The purposes of sampling are described as making research more economical, improving data quality, allowing for quicker study results, and increasing precision and accuracy. Characteristics of a good sample and factors influencing the sampling process are also outlined. In conclusion, sampling is an important part of research that aims to select a representative portion of a population to study.

2. SAMPLING
PRESENTED BY
MR.PANKAJ KUMAR JENA
MSC.NURSING
1ST YEAR
COLLEGE OF NURSING
VIMSAR ,BURLA

3. INTRODUCTION…
 Sampling is a process of selecting representative
units from an entire population of a study.
 Sample is not always possible to study an entire
population; therefore, the researcher draws a
representative part of a population through
sampling process.
 In other words, sampling is the selection of some
part of an aggregate or a whole on the basis of
which judgments or inferences about the
aggregate or mass is made.
 It is a process of obtaining information regarding
a phenomenon about entire population by
examining a part of it.

4. DEFINITION:-
 According to Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun (2012),
“Sampling is the process of selecting individuals to
participate in research”.
 According to Ary, Jacob and Rozavich (in Tejero,
2006), “sampling is the process which involves
taking a part of the population making observations
on these representative groups and then
generalizing the findings to the bigger population”.

5. TERMINOLOGY USED IN
SAMPLING
 Population: Population is the aggregation
of all the units in which a researcher is
interested. In other words, population is the set
of people or entire to which the results of a
research are to be generalized.
EXAMPLE…
“A researcher needs to study the problems faced
by postgraduate nurses of India; in this the
‘population’ will be all the postgraduate nurses
who are Indian citizen”.

6. CONT…
 Target Population: A target population
consist of the total number of people or
objects which are meeting the designated
set of criteria. In other words, it is the
aggregate of all the cases with a certain
phenomenon about which the researcher
would like to make a generalization.
EXAMPLE…
“a researcher is interested in identifying the
complication of diabetes mellitus type-II among
people who have migrated to Ludhiana. In this
instance, the target population are all the
migrants at Ludhiana suffering with diabetes
mellitus type II”.

7. CONT…
 Accessible Population: It is the aggregate
of cases that conform to designated criteria
& are also accessible as subjects for a study.
EXAMPLE…
“a researcher is conducting a study on the registered
nurses (RN) working in Lions General Hospital,
Mehsana’. In this case, the population for this study
is all the RNs working in Lions Hospital, but some of
them may be on leave & may not be accessible for
research study. Therefore, accessible population for
this study will be RNs who meet the designated
criteria & who are also available for the research
study”.

8. CONT…
 Sampling: Sampling is the
process of selecting a
representative segment of the
population under study.

9. CONT…
 Sample:Sample may be defined as
representative unit of a target population, which
is to be worked upon by researchers during their
study. In other words, sample consists of a
subset of units which comprise the population
selected by investigators or researchers to
participates in their research project.
 Element: The individual entities that comprise
the samples & population are known as elements, &
an element is the most basic unit about
whom/which information is collected. An
elements is also known as subject in research.
The most common element in nursing research
is an individual. The sample or population
depends on the phenomenon under study.

10. CONT…
 Sampling Frame: It is a list of all the
elements or subjects in the population from
which the sample is drawn. Sampling frame
could be prepared by the researcher or an
existing frame may be used.
EXAMPLE…
“a research may prepare a list of the all
the households of a locality which have
pregnant women or may used a register
of pregnant women for antenatal care
available with the local anganwari
worker”.

11. CONT…
 Sampling Error: There may be fluctuation
in the values of the statistics of
characteristics from one sample to
another, or even those drawn from the
same population.
 Sampling bias: Distortion that arises
when a sample is not representative of the
population from which it was drawn.
 Sampling plan: The formal specifying a
sampling method,a sample size, and the
procedure of selecting the subjects.

12. POPULATION
TARGET POPULATION
ACCESSIBLE POPULATION
SAMPLE
SUBJECTS
SCHEMATIC PRESENTATION OF SAMPLING

13. PURPOSES OF SAMPLING
 Economical: In most cases, it is not possible & economical for researchers to
study an entire population. With the help of sampling, the researcher can save
lots of time, money, & resources to study a phenomenon.
 Improved quality of data: It is a proven fact that when a person handles less
amount the work of fewer number of people, then it is easier to ensure the
quality of the outcome.
 Quick study results: Studying an entire population itself will take a lot of time,
& generating research results of a large mass will be almost impossible as most
research studies have time limits.
 Precision and accuracy of data: selecting whole population will be difficult to
handle than handling the information of a small portion of the population .it is
easier to maintain quality of data with small samples investigation rater than
selecting the whole population
 Better organization: Dealing with the whole population will be difficult to
organize resources like time ,money, printing facilities ,vehicles ,etc .so
sampling helps to overcome problem the problem of disorganization of
resources and help organization of project.

14. CHARACTERISTICSOFGOODSAMPLE
 Representative
 Free from bias and errors
 No substitution and
incompleteness
 Appropriate sample size

15. SAMPLING PROCESS

16. CONT…

17. FACTORS INFLUENCING SAMPLING
PROCESS

21. SUMMARY
The above topic included
introduction, terminology,
definition, schematic
presentation purpose,
characteristics sampling
process and factors affecting
sampling process.

22. CONCLUSION
Sampling is important for a
research project, many sampling
start with a general home that
something interesting will
emerge and often end
incrustation.

23. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Sharma Suresh Kumar. (2011), A Text Book of
Nursing Research and Statistics; 3rdedition: publish
by Elsevier, India Private Limited, New Delhi; 2013:
PP-145-149.
 Dash Bijayalaskhmi. (2017), Essentials of Nursing
Research and Biostatistics.1st Ed: Jaypee Brothers
and M.P (P) LTD. New Delhi; 2017, PP-155-164.
 https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sampling.as
p
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)