Nylon is a synthetic polymer first produced in 1935. There are various types of nylon fibers depending on their chemical structure, including nylon 6 and nylon 6,6. Nylon 6 is produced through ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam, while nylon 6,6 is synthesized through polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid. Both nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 fibers are strong, durable, and resistant to chemicals and abrasion. Common applications of nylon fibers include carpets, clothing like socks and lingerie, and waterproof materials.

1. DHAKA UNIVERSITY OF
ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY,(DUET)
GAZIPUR.
Presented to….
Abu yousuf mohammad anwarul azim
Assistant professor
DUET. Gazipur.
Presented by…..
Abdul Aziz ID 175053
Md. samim hossain ID 175059
Md. imran ID 175060
Md. safiqul Hasan ID 175061

2. WELCOME TO OUR
PRESENTATION
Presentation about Nylon fiber.
Group - 13

3. INTRODUCTION
• Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic
polymers known as polyamides. First produced on February
28, 1935.
• Nylon, a polyamide, was the first manufactured synthetic
fibre
• There are several forms of nylon fibre depending on the
chemical synthesis such as nylon 4, 6, 6.6, 6.10, 6.12, 8, 10
and 11.
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4. INTRODUCTION
• The nylons are generally tough, strong, durable fibre useful
in wide range of textile applications.
• Nylon is found in clothes all the time, but also in other
places in the form of thermoplastic
• In nylon the repeating units contain chain of carbon
atoms.
• There are various types of nylon depending on the nature
of those chains.
Examples: Nylon-6, Nylon-6.6
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5. HISTORY OF NYLON
A team led by WALLACE CAROTHERS of the Du
Pont Company in the USA investigated, whether
polymers were useful to make fibres. They started
to synthesize polyesters, but did not find them
suitable. Then they turned to polyamides.
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6. HISTORY OF NYLON
The breakthrough came in April 1930, when JULIAN HILL, a member
of Wallace Carothers' team, withdrew a glass rod he had poked into a
reaction mixture to find several strands of substance adhering to it.
It stretched to several times its original length, and in the process,
seemed to become stronger. Another 5 years of development work was
required though, before a commercially viable product was achieved. In
1938 the first product using nylon, 'Dr-VVest's Miracle Toothbrush',
appeared. Nylon stockings were seen for the first time in 1939.
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7. HISTORY OF NYLON
Perlon
German scientists were also working on a replacement for silk
in parachutes. In 1939 Dr. Paul Schlack at I.G.-Farben
successfully produced 'PERLON'. This was a similar
POLYAMIDE to the Du Pont product, which was called
'nylon'. Strangely, the term 'nylon' was not registered, and has
become the generic name for polyamides used to make fibres.
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8. CHARACTERISTICS OF NYLON
FIBRE
• Functional group is amide.
• Light in weight.
• Incredible tensile strength.
• Great stretch ability.
• Varies in lustre.
• Durable and elastic.
• Easy to wash and can dye
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9. CHARACTERISTICS OF NYLON
FIBRE
• High resistance to insects, fungi and chemicals.
• Abrasion resistance.
• Melts instead of burning
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10. CHEMISTRY OF NYLON FIBRE
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Amines are organic compounds which contain the -NH2 functional group. When an amine
group -NH2 reacts with the -COOH group in a carboxylic acid, an AMIDE group -CONH- is
formed. In the process, a molecule of water is eliminated. Reactions of this type are known
as CONDENSATION REACTIONS.

11. CHEMISTRY OF NYLON FIBRE
Carothers used diamines and dicarboxylic acids which contained reactive groups in two
places in their molecules, so they could link together to form a chain. In this way he was able
to make polymers in which monomer units were linked together by amide groups. The
process is called CONDENSATION POLYMERISATION because the individual steps are
condensation reactions.
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12. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
NYLON
• High strength-to-weight ratio (65%-85%) crystalline
• High breaking elongation.
• Excellent recovery from deformation.
(100% recovery, 6-8% extension)
• High abrasion resistance.
• High flex resistance.
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13. OTHERS PROPERTIES OF NYLON
• Easy to dye (compared to polyester)
• Best moisture regain of synthetics (4-4.5%)
• Prone to static electricity.
• Low density
• Prone to soiling
• Low resistance to sunlight
• Problems with comfort.
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14. NYLON-6
• Nylon-6 or poly-caprolactam is a polymer developed by Paul Schlack
at IG Farben to reproduce the properties of nylon 6,6 without
violating the patent on its production. (Around the same time,
Kohei Hoshino at Toray also succeeded in synthesizing nylon 6.) It
is a semi-crystalline polyamide. Unlike most other nylons, nylon 6 is
not a condensation polymer, but instead is formed by ring-opening
polymerization; this makes it a special case in the comparison
between condensation and addition polymers.
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15. NAMES OF NYLON-6
IUPAC name
Poly(azepan-2-one); poly(hexano-6- lactam)
Systematic IUPAC name Poly[azanediyl(1-oxohexane-1,6-diyl)]
Other names
Polycaprolactam, polyamide 6, PA6, polyε-caproamide, Perlon, Dederon,
Capron, Ultramid, Akulon, Nylatron, Kapron, Alphalon, Tarnamid, Akromid,
Frianyl, Schulamid, Durethan, Technyl, Nyorbits ,Winmark Polymers
Identifiers CAS Number 25038
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16. PROPERTIES OF NYLON-6
• Chemical formula (C6H11NO)n
• Density 1.084 g/mL
• Melting point 220 °C (493 K) • Nylon 6 fibres are tough, possessing high
tensile strength, as well as elasticity and lustre.
• They are wrinkle proof and highly resistant to abrasion and chemicals such
as acids and alkalis.
• The fibres can absorb up to 2.4% of water, although this lowers tensile
strength.
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17. PROPERTIES OF NYLON-6
• The glass transition temperature of Nylon 6 is 47 °C.
• As a synthetic fibre, Nylon 6 is generally white but can be dyed to in a
solution bath prior to production for different colour results.
• Its tenacity is between 6 and 8.5 gm/den with a density of 1.14 gm/cc.
• Its melting point is at 215 °C and can protect heat up to 150 °C on average
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18. CHEMISTRY OF NYLON-6
Perlon, on the other hand, was manufactured from only one monomer, called
caprolactam. As this also has 6 carbon atoms in it, the polymer is called
NYLON-6. it is therefore on the type ….AAAAAAAA……. Or (A) n, where n
is about 200
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19. CHEMISTRY OF NYLON-6
C H O
N CH2 CH2 C
N H CH2 CH2 CH2 OH
caprolactam H
H CH2 CH2 CH2 N CH2 CH2 C
N CH2 CH2 C CH2 CH2 CH2 OH + H2O
H O
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O
O
H

20. SYNTHESIS OF NYLON-6
Nylon-6 can be modified using co-monomers or stabilizers during
polymerization to introduce new chain end or functional groups, which
changes the reactivity and chemical properties. It's often done to change its
dyeability or flame retardance. Caprolactam molecule used to synthesize
Nylon 6 by ring opening polymerization Synthesis synthesized by ring-
opening polymerization of caprolactam. Caprolactam has 6 carbons, hence
Nylon 6. When caprolactam is heated at about 533 K in an inert atmosphere
of nitrogenfor about 4–5 hours, the ring breaks and undergoes
polymerization.
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21. SYNTHESIS OF NYLON-6
Then the molten mass is passed through spinnerets
to form fibres of nylon 6. During polymerization, the
amide bond within each caprolactam molecule is
broken, with the active groups on each side re-
forming two new bonds as the monomer becomes
part of the polymer backbone. Unlike nylon 6,6, in
which the direction of the amide bond reverses at
each bond, all nylon 6 amide bonds lie in the same
direction .
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Production of Nylon 6

22. NYLON-6,6
• Nylon 66 (nylon 6-6, nylon 6/6 or nylon 6,6) is a type of
polyamide or nylon. It, and nylon 6, are the two most
common for textile and plastic industries. Nylon 66 is made
of two monomers each containing 6 carbon atoms,
hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, which give nylon 6,6
its name.
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23. PROPERTIES OF NYLON-6,6
• Chemical formula (C12H22N2O2 )n
• Density 1.140 g/mL (Zytel)
• Melting point 264 °C (507 °F)
• High mechanical strength, rigidity, good stability under heat and chemical
resistance.
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24. CHEMISTRY OF NYLON-6,6
Du Pont’s version of nylon is NYLON-6,6
This is the because the 2 monomers use to make the polymer both contain 6
carbon atoms. The polymer can be represented as ….ABABABAB……..OR
(AB)n where A and B are the parts of the molecule originating from each of
the two monomers and n is the degree of polymerization (DP) and has the
value 60 - 80 for nylon-6,6
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25. CHEMISTRY OF NYLON-6,6
H H
H N (CH2)6 N C (CH2)4 C OH
O O n
Hexamethyline Diamine Adipic Acid
H H O O
H N (CH2)6 N H HO C (CH2)4 C OH
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26. SYNTHESIS OF NYLON-6,6
• Nylon -6,6 is synthesized by polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine
and adipic acid. Equivalent amounts of hexamethylenediamine and adipic
acid are combined with water in a reactor. Hexamethylene diamine (top)
and adipic acid (bottom), monomers used for polycondensati on of Nylon
6,6. This is crystallized to make nylon salt, an ammonium/carboxylate
mixture. The nylon salt goes into a reaction vessel where polymerization
process takes place either in batches or continuously. Removing water
drives the reaction toward polymerization through the formation of amide
bonds from the acid and amine functions.
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27. SYNTHESIS OF NYLON-6,6
• Thus molten nylon 6,6 is formed. It can either be extruded
and granulated at this point or directly spun into fibers by
extrusion through a spinneret (a small metal plate with fine
holes) and cooling to form filaments.
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28. END USES OF NYLON
• Carpets (tufted)
• Hose (stockings, tights, socks etc )
• Waterproofs – anoraks, cagoules, sky jackets.
• Tarepulins / tents.
• Parachutes.
• Sportswear – tactel microfiber
• Lingerie
• Sewing threads.
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