A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. FNAME : APURBA BOKSHE
COURSE CODE : 0961101
COURSE TITLE : INORGANIC PHARMACY
SUBMITTED TO : MOHAMMED SHAFIKUR RAHMAN
(ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR)
SECTION : 29B
STUDENT ID : 024210011091062
3.
4. Atomic - Molecular
Theory of Matter
The Atomic - Molecular
Theory of Matter states
that all matter is
composed of small, fast
moving particles called
atoms. These atoms can
join together to form
molecules.
This theory is really
thousands of individual
theories that provide
evidence for the whole
theory.
5. History of Atom
All atoms share the same basic structure
During past 200 years, scientists have
proposed different models
6. Where did it all begin?
The word “atom”
comes from the
Greek word “atomos”
which means
indivisible.
The idea that all
matter is made up of
atoms was first
proposed by the
Greek philosopher
Democritus in the 5th
century B.C.
7. Dalton’s Model
Based on experiments, Dalton developed
a theory of structure of matter
4 main concepts:
All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible
particles called atoms
Atoms of each element are exactly alike and
have the same mass
An atom of one element cannot be changed
into an atom of a different element.
Atoms of different elements can join to form
compounds.
8. Dalton’s Model = “eight ball”
Dalton thought that atoms were like smooth, hard
balls that could not be broken into smaller pieces.
9. Thomson’s Model
End of 1800s
Thomson discovered that atoms were not
simple, solid spheres
Atoms contained subatomic paticles
Very small, negatively charged
Called them electrons
10. Thomson’s Model
Also knew that atoms were electrically
neutral
Must contain enough positive charge to
balance negative charge of electrons
Thompson proposed a model where
electrons were stuck into a positively
charged sphere
Like chocolate chips in cookie dough
12. Rutherford’s Model
By early 1900s, scientists knew that
positive charge of atom comes from
subatomic particles called protons
1911—Rutherford begins to test theory
His experiments led him to believe that
protons are concentrated in a small area
at center of atom
Called this area the nucleus
13. Rutherford’s Model = Peach
Rutherford’s model describes an atom as
mostly empty space, with a center nucleus
that contains nearly all the mass
Like the pit in a peach
14. Bohr’s Model
Modified Rutherford’s model in 1913
Proposed that each electron has a certain
amount of energy
Helped electron move around nucleus
Electrons move around nucleus in region
called
Energy levels surround nucleus in rings,
like layers of onion
15. Bohr’s Model = planets
Has been called planetary model
• Energy levels occupied by electrons are
like orbits of planets at different distances
from the sun (nucleus)
16. Electron Cloud Model
Model accepted today
Electrons dart around in an energy level
Rapid, random motion creates a “cloud” of
negative charge around nucleus
Electron cloud gives atom its size and
shape
18. Modern Atomic Model
In 1932, Chadwick discovered another
particle in the nucleus of an atom. This
new particle is called a neutron.
Neutrons have no electrical charge.
According to this theory,
“At the center of the atom is a tiny,
massive nucleus containing protons and
neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus is a
cloudlike region of moving electrons.”