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Models of curriculum development

The document describes four models of curriculum development: 1. The Hilda Taba model involves 8 steps beginning with identifying student needs and ending with evaluating to ensure mastery. 2. The Tyler model has four principles: determining education purposes, selecting learning experiences, organizing experiences effectively, and evaluating if purposes are met. 3. The Saylor, Alexander, and Lewis model starts with setting goals and objectives in four domains, then planning learning opportunities and implementation. 4. The Oliva model is simple, comprehensive, and systematic, involving 12 or 17 specific steps from specifying needs to curriculum evaluation.

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Topic 3: Models of Curriculum Development HMEC5213 Early Childhood Curriculum: Planning and Assessment Dr. Aliza Ali
Learning Outcomes:  By the end of the topic you will be able to:  Describe four models of curriculum development  Explain the process of curriculum planning based on each model Learning Objectives
Introduction  Model serve as a guidelines to action  It gives you order to the process  Using a model in activities like curriculum development can results in greater efficiency and productivity.  According to Oliva, FOUR (4) models of curriculum development are presented
Four Models of Curriculum Development The Tyler The Taba The Saylor, Alexander and Lewis The Oliva
Hilda Taba Model Believe that there should be clear definite order to curriculum design that teachers must be involved in process. Taba introduced 8 steps to model of curriculum development: 1. Identify the needs of the students - curriculum making should start with diagnosing the needs of students, 2. Formulation of objectives 3. Selection of contents: Choose content that matches the objective 4. Organizes content considering the learners experiences and background
5. Select instructional method that promote students engagement 6. Organize learning experiences by sequencing content 7. Evaluate to ensure mastery 8. Checking for balance and sequence
Tyler Model There are four basic principles of Tyler Model of curriculum development: 1. What is the purpose of education? - How the curriculum should be made to attain the purposes of that school. 2. What educational experiences will attain the purposes? – The curriculum developer should be careful in choosing of what students going to learn and how they are going to learn 3. How can these experiences be effectively organized? – The curriculum developer should know how to organize those educational experiences and how these learning experiences can be effectively organize 4. How can we determine when the purposes are met? – The curriculum developer should evaluate all the experiences without exception and this evaluation should be conducted continuously
Tentative General Objectives Students Society Subject Matter Sources Screen Philosophy of Education Philosophy of Learning Precise Instructional Objectives Selection of Learning Experiences Organization of Learning Experiences Direction of Learning Experiences Evaluation of Learning Experiences Screen
Saylor, Alexander & Lewis Model  Curriculum planner begin by setting educational goals and specific objectives that they wish to accomplish.  Classified set of broad goals into four domains under which learning experiences may take place (1) personel development, (2) social competence, (3) continued learning skills and (4) specialization.
 Once the learning goals, objectives and domains have been establish, the planners can then move into the process of planning the curriculum.  Curriculum designer decide on the appropriate learning opportunities for each domain and how and when these opportunity will be made available.  After design have been made, curriculum implementation begins. Teacher select the methods through which the curriculum will be related to the learner.  After the designed have been created, all teachers involved in the curriculum planning must create the instructional plan and objectives  Finally, the curriculum planner and the teacher engage in evaluation to determine whether or not the goal of the curriculum and the objectives of instruction have been met
Oliva Model of Curriculum Development Simple, comprehensive and systematic. Composed of 12 components:  Component 1: Aims of education, psychological principles, philosophical formulation, target, mission and vision of the institution  Component 2: Analysis of the needs of the community where the school is located  Components 3 and 4: General purpose and special purpose curriculum  Component 5: Organizing the design and implement curriculum  Component 6 and 7: Describe the curriculum in the form of the formulation of general objectives and specific learning  Component 8: Define the learning strategy  Component 9: Preliminary studies on possible strategies or assessment techniques to be used  Component 10: Implement the learning strategy  Components 11 and 12: Evaluation of learning and curriculum evaluation
To make the Oliva Model more simplistic, it can be set forth in 17 specific steps 1. Specify the needs of the students in general. 2. Specify the needs of society. 3. Write a statement of philosophy and aims of education. 4. Specify the needs of students in your school. 5. Specify the needs of the particular community. 6. Specify the needs of the subject matter. 7. Specify the curriculum goals of your school. 8. Specify the curriculum objectives of your school. 9. Organize and implement the curriculum. 10. Specify instructional goals. 11. Specify instructional objectives. 12. Specify instructional strategies. 13. Begin selection of evaluation techniques. 14. Implement instructional strategies. 15. Make final selection of evaluation techniques. 16. Evaluate instruction and modify instructional components. 17. Evaluate the curriculum and modify curricular components.
Four Models in Curriculum Design Models Specification Hilda Taba • Grass root approach to curriculum development • Curriculum should be develop by teachers • Diagnosis the needs of students Tyler • Special focus to the planning phase • Emphasizes more importance of philosophy than on other criteria • Process – selecting educational objectives Saylor, Alexander & Lewis • Begin with educational goals and objectives • Element of curriculum development Oliva • Comprehensive step-by-step process • From source to curriculum evalualiation • Feels students should also participate in curriculum
Activity  Compare four models of curriculum development
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