The document discusses case studies of cascading disasters conducted as part of the FORTRESS project. It analyzes 9 case studies including the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster and 2005 London attacks. Common triggers of cascading effects identified include the disruption of information, supply, and organizational relations. Effective regulations, pre-crisis mitigation, and preparation measures can help limit cascading effects during crises by reducing such triggers. The analysis highlights the importance of reliable communication systems, coordinated resource access, validated decision-making, and accounting for linkages between human and technical systems.
Presentation given by Hayley Watson at the 2014 ISCRAM conference.
Title: Social media and the 2013 UK heatwave: opportunities and challenges forfuture events
Extreme Geohazards: Reducing the Disaster Risk and Increasing ResilienceDaniel Ross
This document summarizes a position paper on reducing disaster risk from extreme geohazards. Some key points:
- Extreme geohazards like large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have the potential to cause global disasters due to their widespread impacts. However, disaster risk reduction often does not sufficiently consider these low-probability, high-impact events.
- In particular, the risk from extreme volcanic eruptions comparable to some of the largest in the past is underestimated. A modern society has yet to experience such an eruption.
- Investing several billion dollars annually in a global volcano monitoring system could significantly reduce risks by enabling early warnings of eruptions.
- Reducing vulnerability, increasing resilience
The document discusses cascading effects and community recovery following disasters. It summarizes research conducted on the Solomon Islands after the 2007 earthquake and tsunami. The fieldwork identified several triggers of cascading effects at the community level, including the malfunctioning of organizational and communication relations as well as pre-disaster conditions. These triggers led to long-term cascading effects like inter-community tensions and decreased social cohesion as a result of unrealistic aid expectations and perceptions about the distribution of aid. The FORTRESS project aims to develop tools to help decision-makers prepare for crises with cascading effects through analysis of past disaster events.
DSD-Kampala 2023 Modelling in support of decision making - RussellDeltares
Presentation by Bobby Russell (Deltares) at the Symposium Models and decision-making in the wake of climate uncertainties, during the Deltares Software Days - Kampala 2023 (DSD-Kampala 2023). Wednesday, 4 October 2023, Kampala, Uganda.
This presentation discusses a study conducted by ENISA on power supply dependencies in the electronic communications sector. The study found that power cuts are the second most common cause of service outages. It analyzed the impact of power failures on networks, finding mobile networks particularly vulnerable. Most NRAs and operators believe current protection levels from power cuts are insufficient. The study provides eight recommendations to NRAs and operators to improve cooperation with energy sector and resilience against power failures. These include analyzing outage impacts, collecting best practices, and establishing information sharing and mutual aid agreements.
Governments around the world are starting to mandate that government funded organizations such as universities and NRENs develop Climate Change Preparedness plans. This is in recognition that we are already committed to a 2C average temperature increase and given the lack of any international agreement on curbing GHG emissions we may be headed to a 6C global average temperature increase. More severe weather patterns are expected which will cause severe disruption to our energy and physical infrastructure. Resilient networks, new network architectures and tools such as distance education and remote collaborative research will be required by our universities and schools to survive and endure periods of such extreme weather. A well designed and thought out Climate Change Preparedness plan can also help higher-ed and NRENs increase their operational resiliency, as well as significantly reduce their current electrical energy costs. In addition a good Climate Change Preparedness plan can also be an excellent way for higher-ed and NRENs to reduce their existing GHG footprint.
FORTRESS General Morphological Analysis presentation - ISCRAM 2015Trilateral Research
The document discusses how General Morphological Analysis (GMA) was used in the FORTRESS project to develop a conceptual model of cascading effects in crises. GMA involves mapping the parameters and their possible values that describe a problem space. Through three workshops with academics, industry, and end users, the FORTRESS project used GMA to identify 20 parameters related to cascading crises and refine them. This helped build a shared understanding among the multidisciplinary team and provided a model to inform subsequent project steps. While GMA facilitated collaboration, more time in the initial workshop could have improved efficiency.
Presentation given by Hayley Watson at the 2014 ISCRAM conference.
Title: Social media and the 2013 UK heatwave: opportunities and challenges forfuture events
Extreme Geohazards: Reducing the Disaster Risk and Increasing ResilienceDaniel Ross
This document summarizes a position paper on reducing disaster risk from extreme geohazards. Some key points:
- Extreme geohazards like large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have the potential to cause global disasters due to their widespread impacts. However, disaster risk reduction often does not sufficiently consider these low-probability, high-impact events.
- In particular, the risk from extreme volcanic eruptions comparable to some of the largest in the past is underestimated. A modern society has yet to experience such an eruption.
- Investing several billion dollars annually in a global volcano monitoring system could significantly reduce risks by enabling early warnings of eruptions.
- Reducing vulnerability, increasing resilience
The document discusses cascading effects and community recovery following disasters. It summarizes research conducted on the Solomon Islands after the 2007 earthquake and tsunami. The fieldwork identified several triggers of cascading effects at the community level, including the malfunctioning of organizational and communication relations as well as pre-disaster conditions. These triggers led to long-term cascading effects like inter-community tensions and decreased social cohesion as a result of unrealistic aid expectations and perceptions about the distribution of aid. The FORTRESS project aims to develop tools to help decision-makers prepare for crises with cascading effects through analysis of past disaster events.
DSD-Kampala 2023 Modelling in support of decision making - RussellDeltares
Presentation by Bobby Russell (Deltares) at the Symposium Models and decision-making in the wake of climate uncertainties, during the Deltares Software Days - Kampala 2023 (DSD-Kampala 2023). Wednesday, 4 October 2023, Kampala, Uganda.
This presentation discusses a study conducted by ENISA on power supply dependencies in the electronic communications sector. The study found that power cuts are the second most common cause of service outages. It analyzed the impact of power failures on networks, finding mobile networks particularly vulnerable. Most NRAs and operators believe current protection levels from power cuts are insufficient. The study provides eight recommendations to NRAs and operators to improve cooperation with energy sector and resilience against power failures. These include analyzing outage impacts, collecting best practices, and establishing information sharing and mutual aid agreements.
Governments around the world are starting to mandate that government funded organizations such as universities and NRENs develop Climate Change Preparedness plans. This is in recognition that we are already committed to a 2C average temperature increase and given the lack of any international agreement on curbing GHG emissions we may be headed to a 6C global average temperature increase. More severe weather patterns are expected which will cause severe disruption to our energy and physical infrastructure. Resilient networks, new network architectures and tools such as distance education and remote collaborative research will be required by our universities and schools to survive and endure periods of such extreme weather. A well designed and thought out Climate Change Preparedness plan can also help higher-ed and NRENs increase their operational resiliency, as well as significantly reduce their current electrical energy costs. In addition a good Climate Change Preparedness plan can also be an excellent way for higher-ed and NRENs to reduce their existing GHG footprint.
FORTRESS General Morphological Analysis presentation - ISCRAM 2015Trilateral Research
The document discusses how General Morphological Analysis (GMA) was used in the FORTRESS project to develop a conceptual model of cascading effects in crises. GMA involves mapping the parameters and their possible values that describe a problem space. Through three workshops with academics, industry, and end users, the FORTRESS project used GMA to identify 20 parameters related to cascading crises and refine them. This helped build a shared understanding among the multidisciplinary team and provided a model to inform subsequent project steps. While GMA facilitated collaboration, more time in the initial workshop could have improved efficiency.
This document summarizes the costs of France's nuclear power program from 1970 to 2000. Some key points:
1) France successfully scaled up nuclear power, reaching 80% of electricity from nuclear. This was a substantial, rapid, and systemic increase in nuclear deployment.
2) The program was made possible by a unique institutional framework that allowed for centralized decision making, standardization, and regulatory stability.
3) Despite being the most successful nuclear scale-up, costs still escalated substantially over time. Specific reactor costs increased by more than a factor of three between the first and last generations. Operating costs remained stable.
4) The French case shows that large-scale, complex energy technologies face significant
Dear readers,
We are pleased to present you the first newsletter of the INFRARISK project. The newsletter will share information about the progress, achievements, and activities related to the development of novel indicators for identifying critical infrastructure at risk from natural hazards.
This document discusses cascading disasters and critical infrastructure. It begins with an overview of cascading disasters as events with primary impacts that lead to secondary impacts through interconnected vulnerabilities and escalation points. The document then discusses critical infrastructure and how the failure of critical systems like power, water, and communications can cascade and impact other sectors. It emphasizes that cascading disasters involve long chains of consequences and that risk analysis should consider escalation points and worst-case scenarios. The goal is to understand these complex events in order to enhance resilience and protection of critical infrastructure.
A short introduction to GEO governance, the GEO Work Programme and the GEO community for the FOSS4G audience. Contributions on GEOGLOWS, eShape and GEOHack19 from Julia Wagemann, Valentina Balcan and Diana Mastracci.
Prof. Eric Stern - exercice - 6th OECD Workshop on strategic crisis managementOECD Governance
This document outlines a scenario for a crisis management exercise exploring the impacts of a major space weather event. The scenario is presented in two phases. Phase 1 deals with the initial warning period and impacts, including power grid disruptions. Phase 2 describes escalating impacts on critical infrastructure sectors like power, transportation and internet/communications. Participating groups are tasked with discussing response and coordination challenges across government and industry. The goal is to identify gaps and improve preparedness for a potential high-impact space weather crisis.
Climate change preparedness plans are needed to adapt to a warming world with more severe weather. NRENs and higher education institutions should develop such plans aligned with national initiatives. Distance education is important for continuity during disasters. Preparedness plans involve risk analysis to identify vulnerable infrastructure and mitigation strategies. Reliability of the electrical grid is a major threat. Lessons from extreme weather show how distance education and robust networks are critical during disasters. Microgrids and renewable energy can increase reliability and lower costs and emissions.
Climate change preparedness plans are needed to adapt to a warming world with more severe weather. NRENs and higher education institutions should develop such plans aligned with national initiatives. Distance education is important for continuity during disasters. Preparedness plans involve risk analysis to identify vulnerable infrastructure and mitigation strategies. Reliability of the electrical grid is a major threat. Lessons from extreme weather show how distance education and robust networks are critical during disasters. Microgrids and renewable energy can increase reliability and lower costs and emissions.
DAFNE case study on the Zambezi river basinDAFNE project
1) The document describes the DAFNE project, which aims to develop a decision-analytic framework to explore the water-energy-food nexus in the Zambezi River Basin.
2) The framework will analyze and quantify trade-offs between sectors like hydropower production, irrigation, and conservation under different scenarios.
3) It will use integrated modeling of natural and socioeconomic factors, as well as stakeholder engagement, to identify and evaluate alternative development pathways for the basin.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Collaborative Research with UK MOD - an Academic's Experience ((John Fitzgerald)scirexcenter
John Fitzgerald of Newcastle University summarized his experience with collaborative research projects between his university group and the UK Ministry of Defense (MOD). Some key projects included DIRC/DeVito on system dependability methods, Dynamic Coalitions exploring trust in dynamic groups, and Software Systems Dependability examining interface contracts. MOD engagement provided interesting challenges and helped strengthen research networks. Fitzgerald recommended focusing on relationship-building, varied engagement forms like placements and innovation projects, and presenting challenges in public ways to avoid politics.
In Europe, extreme natural hazard events are not frequent but due to the complex interdependency of our critical infrastructure systems these events can have a devastating impact in any part of Europe. Protection against the impacts of natural hazards must be guaranteed for people to work and live in a secure and resilient environment. No activity, including emergencies and rescue operations, can be carried out with the loss of key buildings and facilities, transport networks and an interruption of essential supplies.
Dsd int 2014 - open mi symposium -cipr-net and openmi, erick rome, fraunhoferDeltares
CIPRNet is a European research network funded by the EU to improve critical infrastructure preparedness and resilience. The network aims to deploy new capabilities like advanced decision support and modeling/simulation/analysis of infrastructure interdependencies to support emergency managers. CIPRNet also focuses on community building and establishing a Virtual Centre of Competence & Expertise in critical infrastructure protection. This meeting with OpenMI focuses on collaborating to enhance modeling and simulation approaches for analyzing complex critical infrastructure scenarios.
This document provides a glossary of terms used in the INFRARISK project, which aims to develop novel indicators for identifying critical infrastructure at risk from natural hazards. The glossary defines terms related to general risk concepts, risk communication, and risk assessment. It was produced to ensure common understanding of terminology between the research partners involved in the project.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
State senate transpo hearings 11 13-13 backgroundpaperpeggydrouet
This document provides background information for a Senate committee hearing on improving outcomes for large, costly infrastructure projects known as megaprojects. It discusses how megaprojects often experience significant cost overruns and schedule delays. Factors that contribute to these issues include unrealistic initial cost estimates that fail to properly account for risks, as well as political and economic uncertainties. The document uses the replacement of the eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge as a case study, noting its final cost exceeded $6.4 billion compared to initial estimates of $1.3 billion. The committee hearing aims to examine why megaprojects regularly face these challenges and identify potential solutions to improve the state's delivery of such
IAHR 2015 - Holistic flood risk management in the Elbe estuary – the pearl ap...Deltares
This document summarizes research on holistic flood risk management in the Elbe Estuary region. The research is focused on developing 1) an operational hydrodynamic model of the Elbe Estuary, 2) integrating real-time water level and discharge data, 3) modeling infrastructure failure and hinterland flooding, and 4) conducting a holistic risk assessment. The research also aims to 5) involve stakeholders through tailored consultation and 6) evaluate climate adaptation measures using the developed modeling framework. The overall goal is to establish a holistic flood risk management approach for the complex estuary system across administrative boundaries.
The document describes a project called ITHAM that aims to build a robust and fully integrated alerting system for hazardous material transports. The project will involve collecting data from sensors on containers, analyzing the data using machine learning techniques to detect abnormal situations, and alerting transport managers and emergency responders in real-time to potential issues or emergencies. The system is intended to help monitor hazardous cargo transport by rail, road and other modes to help prevent accidents and protect people and the environment.
Presentation at the CPPP conference 2020 on the core issues SMEs and SME Associations have identified in applying the GDPR. This research work has been developed within the STAR II project.
Designing Security Across Boundaries: mapping disperse data to collaborative...Trilateral Research
Katrina Petersen from Trilateral Research presented work carried out within the IN-PREP project at the "Data-Power: Global In/Securities" event. The presentation focused on the ethical issues that emerge when preparing for disasters by sharing data across borders/boundaries.
More Related Content
Similar to FORTRESS Cascading Effects presentation -Emergency Services Conference 2014
This document summarizes the costs of France's nuclear power program from 1970 to 2000. Some key points:
1) France successfully scaled up nuclear power, reaching 80% of electricity from nuclear. This was a substantial, rapid, and systemic increase in nuclear deployment.
2) The program was made possible by a unique institutional framework that allowed for centralized decision making, standardization, and regulatory stability.
3) Despite being the most successful nuclear scale-up, costs still escalated substantially over time. Specific reactor costs increased by more than a factor of three between the first and last generations. Operating costs remained stable.
4) The French case shows that large-scale, complex energy technologies face significant
Dear readers,
We are pleased to present you the first newsletter of the INFRARISK project. The newsletter will share information about the progress, achievements, and activities related to the development of novel indicators for identifying critical infrastructure at risk from natural hazards.
This document discusses cascading disasters and critical infrastructure. It begins with an overview of cascading disasters as events with primary impacts that lead to secondary impacts through interconnected vulnerabilities and escalation points. The document then discusses critical infrastructure and how the failure of critical systems like power, water, and communications can cascade and impact other sectors. It emphasizes that cascading disasters involve long chains of consequences and that risk analysis should consider escalation points and worst-case scenarios. The goal is to understand these complex events in order to enhance resilience and protection of critical infrastructure.
A short introduction to GEO governance, the GEO Work Programme and the GEO community for the FOSS4G audience. Contributions on GEOGLOWS, eShape and GEOHack19 from Julia Wagemann, Valentina Balcan and Diana Mastracci.
Prof. Eric Stern - exercice - 6th OECD Workshop on strategic crisis managementOECD Governance
This document outlines a scenario for a crisis management exercise exploring the impacts of a major space weather event. The scenario is presented in two phases. Phase 1 deals with the initial warning period and impacts, including power grid disruptions. Phase 2 describes escalating impacts on critical infrastructure sectors like power, transportation and internet/communications. Participating groups are tasked with discussing response and coordination challenges across government and industry. The goal is to identify gaps and improve preparedness for a potential high-impact space weather crisis.
Climate change preparedness plans are needed to adapt to a warming world with more severe weather. NRENs and higher education institutions should develop such plans aligned with national initiatives. Distance education is important for continuity during disasters. Preparedness plans involve risk analysis to identify vulnerable infrastructure and mitigation strategies. Reliability of the electrical grid is a major threat. Lessons from extreme weather show how distance education and robust networks are critical during disasters. Microgrids and renewable energy can increase reliability and lower costs and emissions.
Climate change preparedness plans are needed to adapt to a warming world with more severe weather. NRENs and higher education institutions should develop such plans aligned with national initiatives. Distance education is important for continuity during disasters. Preparedness plans involve risk analysis to identify vulnerable infrastructure and mitigation strategies. Reliability of the electrical grid is a major threat. Lessons from extreme weather show how distance education and robust networks are critical during disasters. Microgrids and renewable energy can increase reliability and lower costs and emissions.
DAFNE case study on the Zambezi river basinDAFNE project
1) The document describes the DAFNE project, which aims to develop a decision-analytic framework to explore the water-energy-food nexus in the Zambezi River Basin.
2) The framework will analyze and quantify trade-offs between sectors like hydropower production, irrigation, and conservation under different scenarios.
3) It will use integrated modeling of natural and socioeconomic factors, as well as stakeholder engagement, to identify and evaluate alternative development pathways for the basin.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Collaborative Research with UK MOD - an Academic's Experience ((John Fitzgerald)scirexcenter
John Fitzgerald of Newcastle University summarized his experience with collaborative research projects between his university group and the UK Ministry of Defense (MOD). Some key projects included DIRC/DeVito on system dependability methods, Dynamic Coalitions exploring trust in dynamic groups, and Software Systems Dependability examining interface contracts. MOD engagement provided interesting challenges and helped strengthen research networks. Fitzgerald recommended focusing on relationship-building, varied engagement forms like placements and innovation projects, and presenting challenges in public ways to avoid politics.
In Europe, extreme natural hazard events are not frequent but due to the complex interdependency of our critical infrastructure systems these events can have a devastating impact in any part of Europe. Protection against the impacts of natural hazards must be guaranteed for people to work and live in a secure and resilient environment. No activity, including emergencies and rescue operations, can be carried out with the loss of key buildings and facilities, transport networks and an interruption of essential supplies.
Dsd int 2014 - open mi symposium -cipr-net and openmi, erick rome, fraunhoferDeltares
CIPRNet is a European research network funded by the EU to improve critical infrastructure preparedness and resilience. The network aims to deploy new capabilities like advanced decision support and modeling/simulation/analysis of infrastructure interdependencies to support emergency managers. CIPRNet also focuses on community building and establishing a Virtual Centre of Competence & Expertise in critical infrastructure protection. This meeting with OpenMI focuses on collaborating to enhance modeling and simulation approaches for analyzing complex critical infrastructure scenarios.
This document provides a glossary of terms used in the INFRARISK project, which aims to develop novel indicators for identifying critical infrastructure at risk from natural hazards. The glossary defines terms related to general risk concepts, risk communication, and risk assessment. It was produced to ensure common understanding of terminology between the research partners involved in the project.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
State senate transpo hearings 11 13-13 backgroundpaperpeggydrouet
This document provides background information for a Senate committee hearing on improving outcomes for large, costly infrastructure projects known as megaprojects. It discusses how megaprojects often experience significant cost overruns and schedule delays. Factors that contribute to these issues include unrealistic initial cost estimates that fail to properly account for risks, as well as political and economic uncertainties. The document uses the replacement of the eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge as a case study, noting its final cost exceeded $6.4 billion compared to initial estimates of $1.3 billion. The committee hearing aims to examine why megaprojects regularly face these challenges and identify potential solutions to improve the state's delivery of such
IAHR 2015 - Holistic flood risk management in the Elbe estuary – the pearl ap...Deltares
This document summarizes research on holistic flood risk management in the Elbe Estuary region. The research is focused on developing 1) an operational hydrodynamic model of the Elbe Estuary, 2) integrating real-time water level and discharge data, 3) modeling infrastructure failure and hinterland flooding, and 4) conducting a holistic risk assessment. The research also aims to 5) involve stakeholders through tailored consultation and 6) evaluate climate adaptation measures using the developed modeling framework. The overall goal is to establish a holistic flood risk management approach for the complex estuary system across administrative boundaries.
The document describes a project called ITHAM that aims to build a robust and fully integrated alerting system for hazardous material transports. The project will involve collecting data from sensors on containers, analyzing the data using machine learning techniques to detect abnormal situations, and alerting transport managers and emergency responders in real-time to potential issues or emergencies. The system is intended to help monitor hazardous cargo transport by rail, road and other modes to help prevent accidents and protect people and the environment.
Presentation at the CPPP conference 2020 on the core issues SMEs and SME Associations have identified in applying the GDPR. This research work has been developed within the STAR II project.
Designing Security Across Boundaries: mapping disperse data to collaborative...Trilateral Research
Katrina Petersen from Trilateral Research presented work carried out within the IN-PREP project at the "Data-Power: Global In/Securities" event. The presentation focused on the ethical issues that emerge when preparing for disasters by sharing data across borders/boundaries.
Privacy and Data Protection: Limits and Opportunities for Unmanned Aerial Pla...Trilateral Research
The document discusses the privacy and data protection issues related to the use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for earth observation. It notes that while geospatial data collected by UAS does not directly relate to individuals, powerful sensors could allow individuals to be identified if captured, which may implicate data protection law. The document also examines how quasi-stationary, high-altitude UAS conducting prolonged observation could raise some privacy concerns if individuals are visible. It outlines resources and guidance being developed to help drone operators and professionals address these legal issues through privacy by design and risk assessments.
Risky Borders: Designing togetherness using information technology for intero...Trilateral Research
This document discusses the risks of using borders as a framework for togetherness in disaster response. It argues that data sharing across borders can create risks if the underlying frameworks and practices are mismatched. This can lead to loss of response control, inaccuracies from misunderstandings, and new inequalities in who and what data is prioritized for care. Anticipatory response work also faces risks if responders do not understand how data is represented and may rely too heavily on unintended biases. True togetherness requires mechanisms for notice, evaluation, reflexivity, and negotiation to support autonomy while describing differences in approaches.
DroneRules Pro: Supporting GDPR compliance through privacy culture among dron...Trilateral Research
An overview of privacy and GDPR for drone users.
DroneRules Pro is creating a privacy and data protection culture within the European drone industry and will facilitate compliance with the new legislation.
Privacy & Ethical Impact Assessment Workshop_RAMSES ProjectTrilateral Research
This document summarizes a workshop on privacy and ethical impact assessment for the RAMSES project. The RAMSES project aims to develop a platform for law enforcement agencies to facilitate digital forensic investigations by combining tools to extract, analyze, link, and interpret information from malware samples on the internet and dark web. The workshop covered conducting a privacy and ethical impact assessment process to identify risks and develop safeguards, including breakout sessions to discuss potential risks and solutions. Potential use cases that RAMSES could aid with were also discussed.
Workshop on Ethical, Legal, social Issues in Networked Information Exchange f...Trilateral Research
Trilateral Research Ltd is a London-based research company that provides services related to privacy, data protection, and emerging technologies. They are leading a project called iTRACK that aims to develop an intelligent tracking platform to monitor humanitarian aid workers and assets. The document discusses conducting an ethical and privacy impact assessment of iTRACK which will include stakeholder interviews and workshops to understand and mitigate risks. It also outlines key questions around ethics, data protection, and privacy that the assessment will examine.
Technology for Human Trafficking and sexual exploitation - Trace Projects Fin...Trilateral Research
The document discusses findings from the TRACE project regarding the use of technology to facilitate and combat human trafficking and sexual exploitation. It examines how perpetrators use the internet, social media, and devices to recruit and exploit victims, and how law enforcement utilizes technologies like databases and data analytics to investigate cases and disrupt criminal networks. The document also explores how technologies can help prevent trafficking through education campaigns and monitoring. Overall, it provides an overview of current and potential future trends in the role of technology in human trafficking.
The CLARITY project aims to encourage the development and adoption of open government technologies in Europe. It runs from March 2016 to February 2018 with a budget of €599,490. The objectives are to engage stakeholders, assess needs and gaps, and develop a blueprint for future steps. Key deliverables include a catalogue of applications and an open government marketplace. The project brings stakeholders together at sprint events to build civic digital applications that address challenges like citizen participation, access to public services information, and optimizing citizen interaction with tax authorities while ensuring privacy.
Presentation discussing the development of an innovative evaluation and certification methodology for security systems, as part of the European project. By Dr Thordis Sveinsdottir.
Examining End-User Standardisation Needs for Disaster ResilienceTrilateral Research
This document summarizes the ResiStand project which aims to establish a sustainable process to support standardization of technologies and services to increase disaster resilience. The project identified 210 standardization needs from end users in four disaster phases and mapped benefits, drivers and restraints of standardization. The outcomes will be a roadmap for future standardization activities and an improved process to coordinate standardization between organizations. The impact will be better assessment of standards feasibility and improved disaster resilience through coordinated standardization.
A stakeholder based approach to standardisation for disaster resilienceTrilateral Research
The document summarizes the ResiStand project, which aims to establish a sustainable process to support standardization for increasing disaster resilience. The project is identifying standardization needs through a stakeholder community and research. It will produce a roadmap for future standardization activities and a process to improve coordination between standardization organizations. The impact will be better assessment of standards and an improved, complementary approach to disaster resilience across Europe and internationally.
Evolving Technology - Delivering Neighbourhood Policing with a smaller workforceTrilateral Research
This document summarizes a presentation about the INSPEC2T project, which aims to develop a framework for community policing using new technologies. It discusses how reduced police resources require evolving approaches like social media and mobile apps to engage the public. The project has developed a public portal, mobile app, and secure portal for police to facilitate reporting, communication, and analytics. Test cases in several countries provide feedback on the technology and opportunities to empower communities with challenges around limited police resources and meeting public expectations.
Social Media and ICT in Neighbourhood Policing - Opportunities and ChallangesTrilateral Research
The document discusses the INSPEC2T project, which aims to develop a framework for community policing that promotes collaboration between police and communities. It received EU funding. The project involves 18 partners across 8 countries. It will test its solutions in 5 locations, including Preston in November 2017. Social media presents opportunities like improved engagement but also challenges like limited resources. The baseline assessment found stakeholders see benefits and risks to social media use for community policing.
Demonstration of the functionality an capabilities of Virtual Hubs developed for ENERGIC-OD project. Presentation given in GEO Business 2017 trade show in London, UK (May 2017).
This document summarizes privacy issues in the esports industry. It discusses how game developers, platforms, and broadcasters collect extensive personal and gameplay data with little transparency. This allows for mass dataveillance and profiling of players and viewers. Additionally, automated surveillance systems and terms of service give companies hierarchical control over communities with little oversight or player consent. Going forward, regulations like GDPR may help address these power imbalances and privacy risks in esports.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
3. @FORTRESS_EU
http://fortress-project.eu
FORTRESS
1. Identify and understand cascading effects in crisis
situations
• Analyse relations and interdependencies between systems
and actors
2. Build a modelling platform for cascading and cross-
border effects
3. Develop an incident evolution tool/decision support
tool
4. @FORTRESS_EU
http://fortress-project.eu
FORTRESS
1. Identify and understand cascading effects in crisis
situations
• Analyse relations and interdependencies between systems
and actors
2. Build a modelling platform for cascading and cross-
border effects
3. Develop an incident evolution tool/decision support
tool
9. @FORTRESS_EU
http://fortress-project.eu
Approach and methodology
• Excel sheet
• Triggers of cascading effects
• Time- when did what happen
• Unfolding of events and actions in crisis management
• Unfolding of the crisis itself
• Negative effects
• Sectors directly affected
• Sectors indirectly affected
14. @FORTRESS_EU
http://fortress-project.eu
Approach and methodology
Uniform approach for categorising the triggers of
cascading effects
• Disruption of
• Information relation
• Supply relation
• Organisation relation
• Malfunctioning of legal and regulatory relation
• Disturbance relation
• Relational conditions
28. @FORTRESS_EU
http://fortress-project.eu
London attacks
-Meeting location for members of the Gold Coordination Group was changed
-Congestion on roads and closure of underground
-Senior officials experienced difficulties in getting to the new location
-Impacted the strategic coordination to the attacks
31. @FORTRESS_EU
http://fortress-project.eu
Analysis
1. Disruption of relations
Disruption of organisational relations: 11 times
• Decisions based on incorrect information
• Decisions proved to be wrong
• Organisational responsibilities were not agreed upon
►Triangulation of knowledge provided by those who have a
stake in the situation
►Importance of systematic organisation of both resources
and people, between and within organisations, pre- and
during disaster
39. @FORTRESS_EU
http://fortress-project.eu
Analysis
3. Pre-disaster relational conditions: 12 times
• Wider trends influenced specific behavior
• Specific behavior influenced wider trends
►Triggers of cascading effects that have their origin in
a pre-disaster period are more difficult to address
during actual crisis management. However, they allow
greater opportunities for the mitigation of risk.
40. @FORTRESS_EU
http://fortress-project.eu
Take home lessons
►Triggers of cascading effects can originate prior
or during crisis
►Effective regulations can limit cascading effects
►Pre-crisis mitigation and preparation measures
can limit the occurrence of triggers of cascading
effects during crises
►Systems and human resources cannot be
considered in isolation from each other
41. @FORTRESS_EU
http://fortress-project.eu
THANK YOU
If you have any further questions or would like to
be kept up-to-date with the project’s findings and
events please contact:
kim.hagen@trilateralresearch.com
FORTRESS has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research,
technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 607579.
Editor's Notes
In this presentation I’d like to talk about some of the work we have carried out for the FORTRESS project.
FORTRESS is a 3 year project, which roughly consists of the three phases listed here,
But what I’ll be talking about today mainly concerns our work in the first phase.
What we wanted to do in this phase is create a better understanding of what common triggers of cascading effects are – an understanding which we can subsequently use to think about ways in which we can address such cascading effects in preparing for disaster or managing emergencies.
We decided to carry out research on historical cascading crisis situations, with particular emphasis on the triggers of cascading effects.
The choice of the crises case studies was informed by an analysis of crises most frequently occurring in Europe between 2003 and 2013, based on data available in EMDAT.
In selecting case studies
-the frequency of certain types of crises was considered,
-as well as the cross-border aspect of crises
-and the presence and severity of cascading effects.
Additionally, two large non-European cascading crises were included, and we looked at the MH17 plane crash as this is such a recent example of a cross-border disaster.
In total we examined and analysed these 9 case studies.
Our research was carried out with the help of two other organisations: IRKS research based in Vienna, and IRDR UCL in London.
list
*When thinking about how to approach this analysis
*One thing we did not want to do was providing them with endless pages of text,
*We evaluated other ways of approaching this, and thought ‘why don’t we try making this more visual’- and work towards a visual analysis of the crisis case studies in which we identify what happened in that situation, what the cascading effects were, and trace back how these effects originated- hence identifying their triggers.
For each of the case studies we created an Excel sheet, with seven columns
In each of these columns we identify what happened in that particular crisis.
We listed that in boxes.
Next, we used arrows and lines to indicate the relations between the boxes.
Blue arrow: Direct causal relation: A naturally leads to B – fire in the factory expands (if the fire is not extinguished)-
Yellow arrow: of influence on- something either influences how A leads to B, or something influences actions taken.- first horizontal yellow arrow shows that as the firefighters focussed on the factory alone, and not on the areas around the factory, the fire around the factory expanded. If the firefighters would have focused on the areas around the factory as well, the fire might not have expanded the way it did. Hence, their actions influenced the expansion of fire, which was indicated by the blue arrow.
Green line- subsequent steps but not a causal relation- things that followed each other up in time. For example: actions in crisis management: they are subsequent steps, but one step is not the inevitable consequence of another step.
Next, what we did is we indicated in the green column what caused the event to unfold and cascade the way it did. And we brought in a red line to link the trigger listed in the box in the green column it to the cascade it caused.
After extensive discussions we agreed on a uniform approach for categorising the triggers of cascading effects.
*Disruption of
-information relation – something is not functioning in the production or delivery of information–e.g., phone lines are overloaded and emergency responders cannot communicate with one another
-supply relation – such as the supply of physical resources or manpower such as firemen
-organisation relation- malfunctioning of the organisation of crisis management
*-legal and regulatory relation- inspections on fire safety that were not carried out.
*Disturbance relation- relations between systems of actors that did not exist prior to the crisis but came into being during the crisis and caused cascading effects. For example in the case of Fukushima the cooling of the reactors depended on sea water. As this automatic injection of sea water stopped due to the earthquake, firetrucks had to provide water injections. In an everyday situation the cooling of reactors did not depend on firetrucks at all, so this relation between firefighters and fukushima was created due to the disturbance caused by the disaster. A particularly interesting point about this example is that the provision of water via firetrucks was also hindered: they had difficulties reaching the site due to aftershocks.
*Relational conditions- As nuclear power business became less profitable, TEPCO put more emphasis on reducing costs, at the expense of safety. Proper diagrams and instruments were not in place.
And like this we identified all triggers of cascading effects we could find.
We did this for all 9 case studies, producing overviews like this.
These were the most common triggers
Disruption of information relations was identified 12 times as a trigger of cascading effects
First responders, representatives from London Fire brigade and London Ambulance, were reliant on mobile phones.
Increase of phone traffic
affected the abilities of the ambulance service to organise response efforts with local hospitals,
and the allocation of additional resources at the scene of the attacks, including the deployment of “vehicles, personnel, equipment and supplies
This placed a lot of emphasis on the xxx
What this hightlighted was
The importance of triangulation
Both these disasaters were not completely unexpected.
The disasaters were not completely unexpected.
Floods in Czech Republic: political decisions – changes in settlement patterns
*Triggers of cascading effects can originate prior or during crisis- illustrates that disasters cannot be viewed in isolation to everyday events.
*Effective regulations can limit cascading effects. How effective legislations are depends on their implementation as well as the compliance to such regulations. Compliance is the responsibility of both those being regulated and the regulator.
*XXX Think of functioning back-up systems, checks, trainings, separate communication systems
* XXX No cascading distaster happens merely because of one or the other. It is almost always a combination of the two.