Anesthesia refers to a lack of sensation or feeling. There are several types including local, regional, general and dissociative anesthesia. Anesthesiologists specialize in administering anesthesia and monitoring patients' vital signs during procedures. Neuralgia causes pain along the path of a nerve and can be triggered by various causes like drugs, infections, trauma or nerve compression. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause and provide pain relief through medication or surgery. Preventing related conditions like diabetes can also help reduce neuralgia risk.

1. Bio120Chapter 12Anesthesia & NeuralgiaSubmitted by:Mahendra KafleProfessor R. Abdullah

2. AnesthesiaDefinition: General meaning of anesthesia is lack of senses.General anesthesia (or general anesthesia) is a state of unconsciousness and loss of protective reflexes resulting from the administration of one or more general anesthetic agents. A variety of medications may be administered, with the overall aim of ensuring hypnosis, amnesia, analgesia, relaxation of skeletal muscles, and loss of control of reflexes of the autonomic nervous system.

3. Types of AnesthesiaThe word anesthesia was coined by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. in 18.46Types of anesthesia include Local Anesthesia Local anesthesia inhibits sensory perception within a specific location on the body, such as a tooth or the urinary bladder. Regional AnesthesiaRegional anesthesia renders a larger area of the body insensate by blocking transmission of nerve impulses between a part of the body and the spinal cord. Two frequently used types of regional anesthesia are spinal anesthesia and epidural anesthesiaContd.General Anesthesia General anesthesia refers to inhibition of sensory, motor and sympathetic nerve transmission at the level of the brain, resulting in unconsciousness and lack of sensation.Dissociative AnesthesiaDissociative anesthesia uses agents that inhibit transmission of nerve impulses between higher centers of the brain (such as the cerebral cortex) and the lower centers, such as those found within the limbic system. Other TermsAnesthesiology: Branch of medicine specializing in all aspects of anesthesia, including for surgical procedures, resuscitation measures, and management of acute and chronic pain. Physician is called anesthesiologist.

4. Contd.Anesthetic Agents: An anesthetic agent is a drug that brings about a state of anesthesia. A wide variety of drugs are used in modern anesthetic practice. Many are rarely used outside of anesthesia, although others are used commonly by all disciplines. Anesthetics are categorized in to two categories: general anesthetics cause a reversible loss of consciousness (general anesthesia , while local anesthetics cause reversible local anesthesia and a loss of nociception.

5. Contd.Patients under general anesthesia must undergo continuous physiological monitoring to ensure safety. This includes electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate, blood pressure, inspired and expired gases, oxygen saturation of the blood (pulse oximetry), and temperature.

6. Anesthesia Record: The anesthesia record is the medical and legal documentation of events while a patient is under anesthesia.It reflects a detailed and continuous account of drugs, fluids, and blood products administered and procedures undertaken, and also includes the observation of cardiovascular responses, estimated blood loss, urine output and data from physiologic monitors while a patient is under anesthesia.

7. NeuralgiaDefinition: Neuralgia is pain that follows the path of a nerve.Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common form of neuralgia. A related but uncommon neuralgia affects the glossopharyngeal nerve, which provides feeling to the throat.

8. Neuralgia is most common in elderly people, but it may occur at any age.Causes and SymptomsCauses of neuralgia include:Certain drugs & Chemical irritation

9. Chronic renal insufficiency & Diabetes

10. Infections, such as shingles, syphilis, and Lyme disease

11. Porphyria

12. Pressure on nerves by nearby structures (for instance, tumors)

13. Swelling and irritation (inflammation)

14. Trauma (including surgery)Symptoms Includes: Impaired function of affected body part due to pain, or muscle weakness due to motor nerve damage