The document summarizes research on producing liquid soap from pumpkin seed oil. Key findings include: 1) Pumpkin seed oil content extracted from seeds was about 30.6%. 2) Formula 10 had the most foam capacity and Formula 5, 11, 12 had the best ability to emulsify oil. 3) Formula 7 had the lowest pH value and Formulas 7, 8, 9 were most satisfying to users.

1. Researchers Jariya Jiriyasin Jittikan Narapan Sinnapa Vanduangden Advisor Mr. Sorachai Saelim

3. • To extract the oil from Cucurbita moschata Decne seeds • To produce liquid soap from Cucurbita moschata Decne seed oil • To test the quality of liquid soap Objective

4. Experiments 1. Extraction of the oil from Cucurbita moschata Decne seeds by Soxhlet extractor 3. Test the quality of liquid soap 2. Production of liquid soap Measure the foam capacity Measure the pH value Test the ability of emulsifying paraffin oil Studying the reaction of liquid soap with Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ Studying the reaction of liquid soap with inorganic acid Measuring the satisfaction of using the liquid soap Experiments

5. 1. Extraction of the oil by Soxhlet extractor

6. Results Table 1. Show the character and quantity of Cucurbita moschata Decne seed oil The oil is liquid and quite sticky. It has green-brown colors 235.8 770 picture Physical characteristic of the oil Quantity of the oil ( ml ) Weight of the seeds (g)

7. 2. Production of liquid soap Oils Dissolve KOH in water The oils were mixed from the formulas

8. Table 2. Show the ratio of Cucurbita moschata Decne seed oil to other oils that used to produce liquid soap ( % by mass ) 2. Production of liquid soap 100 - - 50 50 - 40 30 30 Pumpkin seed oil - 100 - 50 - 50 30 40 30 Palm oil - - 100 - 50 50 30 30 40 Coconut oil 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 formula Oils

9. ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 6 ) ( 5 ) ( 4 ) ( 40:30:30 ) ( 50:50:0 ) ( 50:0:50 ) ( 0:50:50 ) ( 30:30:40 ) ( 30:40:30 ) ( 7 ) ( 100:0:0 ) ( 8 ) ( 0:100:0 ) ( 9 ) ( 0:0:100 ) PS ( Coconut oil : Palm oil : Pumpkin seed oil ) Produced Liquid soaps

10. Measure the foam capacity Measure the pH value Test the ability of emulsifying paraffin oil Studying the reaction of liquid soap with Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ Studying the reaction of liquid soap with inorganic acid Measure the satisfactions by using liquid soaps 3. Test the quality of liquid soap 3. Test the quality of liquid soap

11. Weighed liquid soap from each formula 5 g Dissolve in 50 ml - DO water Test the quality of liquid soap Liquid soap solutions Preparation of the solution of liquid soap

12. Add each solution of liquid soap into test tube, 4 ml per tube Shake each test tube Observe and write down the results Measure the foam capacity

13. Results of measuring foam capacity Chart 1. Show the results of measuring foam capacity

14. Measure the pH value of each solution of liquid soap by pH - meter The pH value of each solution was written down Adjust pH meter by buffer solution Measure the pH value

15. Results of measuring the pH value pH formulas Chart 2. Show the results of measuring the pH value

16. Add paraffin oil into two test tubes, 10 drops per tube Add the solution of the 1 st formula of liquid soap into test tubes, 5 ml per tube then shake The results of testing the ability of emulsifying paraffin oil were observed and written down Do this experiment to each solution of liquid soap Test the ability of emulsifying paraffin oil

17. Results of emulsifying paraffin oil test Table 3. Show the results of emulsifying paraffin oil test The solution has clear yellow color, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 1.75 mm high Formula 3 The solution has light yellow color, it is turbid, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 3 mm high Formula 2 The solution has clear yellow color, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 2 mm high Formula 1 The solution has no color, there is the oil layer on the surface 5 mm high. It separates obviously DO water The results Formula

18. Results of emulsifying paraffin oil test The solution has white color, it is turbid, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 2.5 mm high Formula 4 The solution has white color, it is turbid, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 2 mm high Formula 6 The solution has white color, it is turbid, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 2 mm high Formula 7 The solution has white color, it is turbid, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 2 mm high Formula 8 The solution has white color, it is turbid, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 1.5 mm high Formula 5 The results Formula

19. Results of emulsifying paraffin oil test The solution has white color, it is turbid, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 1.5 mm high Formula 12 The solution has white color, it is turbid, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 1.5 mm high Formula 11 The solution has white color, it is turbid, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 2.5 mm high Formula 10 The solution has white color, it is turbid, there is the oil layer between the foam and the solution 1.75 mm high Formula 9 The results Formula

20. Liquid soap solution Paraffin oil Studying the reaction of liquid soap with Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ The results were written down CaCl 2 MgCl 2 FeCl 3 The results were written down

21. Results Table 4. Show the results of studying the reaction of liquid soap with Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ there is a big piece of brick-red dregs. there are turbid white dregs. there are turbid white dregs. 3 there are turbid orange dregs. there are turbid white dregs. there are turbid white dregs. 4 there are turbid orange dregs. there are soft yellow dregs. there are soft yellow dregs. 5 there is a big piece of brick-red dregs. there are turbid white dregs. there are turbid white dregs. 2 there are turbid orange dregs. there are soft yellow dregs. there are turbid white dregs. 6 there is a big piece of brown-red dregs. there is no dreg in the tube. there are white dregs. 1 1 % FeCl 3 1 % MgCl 2 1 % CaCl 2 Reagents Formula

22. Results there is no dregs. there are soft yellow dregs. there are soft yellow dregs. 9 there are turbid orange dregs. there is no dregs. there is no dregs. 10 there are turbid orange dregs. there are turbid white dregs. there are turbid white dregs. 11 there are turbid orange dregs. there are turbid white dregs. there are turbid white dregs. 8 there are turbid orange dregs. there are turbid white dregs. there is no dregs. 12 there are orange dregs. there are white dregs. there are white dregs. 7 1 % FeCl 3 1 % MgCl 2 1 % CaCl 2 Reagents Formula

23. Results Table 5. Show the results of studying the reaction of liquid soap with Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ then with paraffin oil there is oil layer. there is a round piece of fat and dregs. there is oil layer. 3 there is a round piece of fat and dregs. there is oil layer. there is no oil layer. 4 there is a round piece of fat and dregs. there is oil layer. there is oil layer. 5 there is a round piece of fat and dregs. there is a round piece of fat and dregs. there is oil layer. 2 there is a round piece of fat and dregs. there is oil layer. there is oil layer. 1 1 % FeCl 3 1 % MgCl 2 1 % CaCl 2 Reagents Formula

24. Results there is oil layer. there is a round piece of fat and dregs. there is a round piece of fat and dregs. 6 there is oil layer. there is oil layer. there is oil layer. 9 there is oil layer. there is oil layer. there is oil layer. 10 there is oil layer. there is oil layer. there is oil layer. 11 there is a round piece of fat and dregs. there is oil layer. there is oil layer. 8 there is oil layer. there is oil layer. there is oil layer. 12 there is a round piece of fat and dregs. there is no oil layer. there is oil layer. 7 1 % FeCl 3 1 % MgCl 2 1 % CaCl 2 Reagents Formula

25. Studying the reaction of liquid soap with inorganic acid

26. Results Table 6. Show the results of studying the reaction of liquid soap with inorganic acid there is no flame. dissolved in KOH there are dregs. 3 there is no flame. there is no dregs. there is no dregs. 4 there is no flame. there is no dregs. there is no dregs. 5 there is flame when burned. dissolved in KOH there are dregs. 2 there is no flame. quite dissolved in KOH there are dregs. 6 there is no flame. dissolved in KOH there are dregs. 1 Burning Add KOH Add HCl Process Formula

27. Results there is no flame. dissolved in KOH there are dregs. 9 there is no flame. dissolved in KOH there are dregs. 10 there is no flame. dissolved in KOH there are dregs. 11 there is flame when burned. dissolved in KOH there are dregs. 8 there is no flame. dissolved in KOH there are dregs. 12 there is no flame. quite dissolved in KOH there are dregs. 7 Burning Add KOH Add HCl Process Formula

28. Measuring the satisfactions of using the liquid soaps Measuring the satisfactions of using the liquid soaps by 90 MWIT students with questionnaires, then the results were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 Section 1, Inquire the samples about personal information. Section 2, Inquire the samples about the satisfactions when using the liquid soaps such as produced foam, smell, colors and cleaning. Questionnaires

29. Results Chart 3. Show the ages of samples Chart 4. Show the personal ailment of samples

30. Results Table 7. Show the behavior of buying soap of samples 191 (100) 7 (3.66) 20 (10.47) 43 (22.51) 33 (17.28) 8 (4.19) 69 (36.13) 11 (5.76) Frequency ( % ) Total Others Price Cleaning Advertisement Foam Smell Color

31. Table 8. Show the standard of satisfied levels of liquid soaps Measuring the satisfaction of using the liquid soaps 3.50 - 4.00 2.50 - 3. 4 9 1.50 - 2. 4 9 1.00 - 1. 49 good quality and great satisfactions good quality and good satisfactions good quality and fairly good satisfactions bad quality and not satisfy points the level of satisfactions

32. Chart 5. Show the averaged satisfactions of using the liquid soaps Results

33. Conclusion - From the extraction of oil in pumpkin seeds oil, the oil content is about 30.6 % - From the experiments, the formula 10 has the most foam capacity in compare with all the liquid soap and the formula 9 has the most foam capacity in compare with 9 formulas produced liquid soap. - The formula 5, 11, 12 has the most ability to emulsify paraffin oil. As the paraffin oil is lipid with composed in dirt.

34. Conclusion - From the experiment of measuring pH value, the formula 7 has the least pH value in compare with 9 formulas produced liquid soap, which is 9.73. - From the measuring of satisfactions value of using liquid soap, the formula 7 , 8 and 9 satisfied the samples respectively.

36. References African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (1), pp. 36-44, January 2005 Aburjai T, Natsheh FM. Plants used in cosmetics . Phytotherapy Research 2003;17:987–1000 พิมพร ลีลาพิสิฐ ( 2532 ) . เครื่องสำอางเพื่อความสะอาด . เชียงใหม่ : สำนักพิมพ์โอเดียนสโตร์ คู่มือผลิตภัณฑ์เครื่องสำอางเพื่อเศรษฐกิจชุมชน . กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักงานคณะกรรมการ อาหารและยา กระทรวงสาธารณสุข ( 2543 ) ธัญพร ตันเจริญรัตน์ และคณะ (2548). สบู่จากน้ำมันเมล็ดยางพาราสายพันธุ์ RRIM 600 รุ่งระวี เต็มศิริฤกษ์กุล . " ส่วนผสมสมุนไพรที่ใช้ในสบู่ " วารสารเกษตรกรรมธรรมชาติ . ( สิงหาคม 2543) :54-56