The document provides examples and explanations for using the present perfect and past simple tenses in English. It explains that the present perfect tense establishes a link to the present, while the past simple tense is used for completed actions solely in the past. It provides rules for using each tense and examples comparing their proper uses. It concludes with exercises for learners to practice using the present perfect and past simple tenses.

1. Present perfect and past simple
(I have done and I did)
The present perfect is a present tense. It
always tells us something about now.
The past simple tells us only about the
past.

2. Examples:
Jack grew a beard but now he has
shaved it off.
They went out after lunch and they have
just come back.

3. Do not use the present perfect if there is no
connection with the present (for example,
things that happened a long time ago):
The Chinese invented printing.
How many plays did Shakespeare write?

4. Compare:
Shakespeare wrote many plays.
My sister is a writer. She has written
many books.

5. We use the present perfect to give new
information or to announce a recent
happening:
Ow! I have cut my finger!
The police have arrested two men in
connection with the robbery.

6. You can use the present perfect with
just, already and yet.
Just = ‘a short time ago’
‘Hello. Have you just arrived?’
We use already to say that something happened
sooner than expected.
‘He’s already gone.’
Yet = ‘until now’ and shows that the speaker is
expecting something to happen. Use yet only in
questions and negative sentences.
‘I’ve written the letter but I haven’t posted it
yet.’

7. Do not use the present perfect when you
talk about a finished time (for example,
yesterday / in 1985 / ten minutes ago).
Use a past tense:
I went to bed early last night.
They arrived an hour ago.

8. Use a past tense to ask When...? What
time...?
When did they arrive?
What time did you finish work?

9. Compare present perfect and past
simple:
Present perfect
Past simple
We use the present perfect for a We use the past simple for a
period of time that continues
finished time in the past.
from the past until now.
For example, yesterday, last
For example, today, this week,
week, from 1985 to 1991.
since 1985.
It didn’t rain last week.
It hasn’t rained this week.
Did you see Ann on
Have you seen Ann recently?
Sunday?
Tom lives in London.
Tom lived in Scotland for ten
years. Now he lives in
He has lived there for seven
London.
years.
I didn’t play golf when I was
I have never played golf.
on holiday last summer.

10. EXERCISES
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
Mary ______________ to Australia for a while but she’s back again now.
(go)
‘Where’s Ken?’ ‘He ______________ out. He’ll be back in about an
hour.’ (go)
I did German at school but I ______________ most of it. (forget)
I meant to phone Diane last night but I ______________ . (forget)
I ______________ a headache earlier but I feel fine now. (have)
Look! There’s an ambulance over there. There ______________ an
accident. (be)
They’re still building a new road. They ______________ it. (not/finish)
‘Is Helen still here?’ ‘No, she ______________ out.’ (just/go)
The police ______________ three people but later they let them go.
(arrest)
Ann ______________ me her address but I’m afraid I ______________
it. (give, lose)
Where’s my bike? It ______________ outside the house. It
______________ ! (be, disappear)
What do you think of my English? Do you think I ______________ ?
(improve)

11. Are the underlined parts of these sentences right
or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
How many plays has Shakespeare written?
Have you read any of Shakespeare’s plays
Aristotle has been a Greek philosopher.
Ow! I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding.
My grandparents have got married in
London.
Where have you been born?
Mary isn’t at home. She’s gone shopping

12. Are the underlined parts of these sentences right
or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
I’ve bought a new car. Do you want to see it?
______________
I’ve bought a new car last week.
______________
Where have you been yesterday evening?
______________
Jenny has left school in 1991.
______________
I’m looking for Mike. Have you seen him?
______________
I’m very hungry. I haven’t eaten anything today.
______________
Diane hasn’t been at work yesterday.
______________
When has this book been published?

13. Put the verb into the correct form,
present perfect or past simple.
When I _____________ (get) home last night, I
______________ (be) very tired and I ______________ (go)
straight to bed.
Your car looks very clean. ______________ (you/wash) it?
George ______________ (not/be) very well last week.
Mr Clark ______________ (work) in a bank for 15 years.
Then he gave it up.
Molly lives in Dublin. She ______________ (live) there all her
life.
‘______________ (you/go) to the cinema last night?’
‘Yes,
but it ______________ (be) a mistake. The film
______________ (be) awful.’
My grandfather ______________ (die) 30 years ago. I
______________ (never/meet) him.
I don’t know Carol’s husband. I ______________
(never/meet/him).

14. A: Is your father at home?
B: No, I’m afraid he ______________ (go) out.
A: When exactly ______________ (he/go) out?
B: About ten minutes ago.
A: Where do you live?
B: In Boston.
A: How long ______________ (you/live) there?
B: Five years.
A: Where ______________ (you/live) before that?
B: In Chicago.
A: And how long ______________ (you/live) in Chicago?
B: Two years.