A brief comparative presentation about the forms and functions of the present perfect and past simple tenses.

1. PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE

2. EXPRESSING THE PAST
Past experiences:
 Events
 Actions
Past experiences:
 which might have…
 consequences
 Effects
 Relevance
WE USE PRESENT PERFECT WHEN:

3. PRESENT PERFECT FORM
Grammatical Structure:
 Subject + Auxiliary + verb in past participle + complement
has have
he
it
she
you
they
I
we
Irregular verbs
Regular verbs just
-ed form as in Played

4. FUNCTIONS OF PRESENT PERFECT
 When the past events or actions:
1. affect the Present
 The police have arrested the thief (it means the thief is still in
custody)
2. are likely (or possible) to be repeated or happen again
in the future.
 She has been to the beauty parlor. (no reason to think she won’t be
back)
3. occur in an unfinished period of time.
 I have been out only twice this year.
 She has given notice her job this month.
 We haven’t eaten any meat this week.
 You have smoked too much today.
 I have enjoyed the music tonight.

5. EXPRESSING THE PAST
Past experiences:
 Events
 Actions
Past experiences:
 which DO NOT have…
 consequences
 Effects
 Relevance
WE USE PAST SIMPLE WHEN:

6. PAST SIMPLE: FORM
Grammatical Structure:
 Subject + verb in past simple form+ complement
Irregular verbs
Regular verbs just
-ed form as in Played

7. FUNCTIONS OF PAST SIMPLE
 When the past events or actions:
1. Don’t affect the Present
 The police arrested the thief yesterday , but he was released hour
later.
2. are unlikely (or hardly possible) to happen again
or be repeated
 She went to the beauty parlor but she didn’t like it.
3. occur in completed period of time.
 I went out only twice last year.
 She gave her notice last month.
 We didn’t eat any meat last week.
 You smoked too much yesterday.
 I enjoyed the music last night.

8. INVERSION (INTERROGATIVE FORM)
NEGATION ( NEGATIVE FORM)
 Inversion for Present Perfect (interrogative form)
 (wh) + auxiliary + subject + Verb PP + complements
She has bought a new house. (affirmative form)
a new househas boughtshe ?Where
 Negation for Present Perfect (Negative form)
 + subject + auxiliary + NOT +Verb PP + complements
She has bought a new house. (affirmative form)
a new house.has boughtshe NOT

9. INVERSION (INTERROGATIVE FORM)
NEGATION ( NEGATIVE FORM)
 Inversion for Past Simple (interrogative form)
 (wh) + auxiliary + subject + Verb inf + complements
She bought a new house. (affirmative form)
a new housedid buyshe ?Where
 Negation for Past Simple (Negative form)
 subject + auxiliary + NOT +Verb Inf + complements
She bought a new house. (affirmative form)
a new house.did buyshe NOT