1. THE PRESENT PERFECT
SUBJECTS POSITIVE NEGATIVE
I YOU WE
THEY
HAVE DONE HAVEN’T
DONE
HE SHE IT HAS DONE HASN’T
DONE
2. THE PRESENT PERFECT
• We use the present perfect for actions that
started in the past but influence the present
and may continue up to the future.
s. present
………….. future
s. past
present
perfect
3. UNFINISHED ACTIONS
• The Present Perfect is formed with the auxiliary
verb have/has + the past participle form of the
main verb.
I have played for… I haven’t played for…
She has studied since… She hasn’t studied since...
They have eaten for… They haven’t eaten for…
We have written since…. We haven’t written since..
Sam has slept for… Sam hasn’t slept for….
4. THESE EXPRESSIONS ARE NEVER USED
WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT
Yesterday, a week ago, two days ago, last year, and
other similar ones if they aren’t in combination with
the words since or for.
Since yesterday
For two weeks
I have bought my book yesterday. (wrong!!!)
I have read my book since yesterday (right!!)
5. SIMPLE PAST VS. PRESENT PERFECT
The simple past indicates
a finished action.
I did my homework yesterday.
Karen studied for two hours.
We ate fried fish last week.
They went to the park.
The present pefect
indicates an unfinished
action.
I have done my homework.
Karen has studied for two
hours.
We have eaten fish many
times.
They’ve gone to the park three
times this month.
6. CONTRACTED FORMS
AFFIRMATIVE
I have / I’ve
You have / You’ve
We have / We’ve
They have / They have
She has / She’s
He has / He’s
It has / It’s
NEGATIVE
I have not / I haven’t
You have not / You haven’t
We have not / We haven’t
They have not / They haven’t
She has not / She hasn’t
He has not / He hasn’t
It has not / It hasn’t
