The document describes the uses of the present perfect tense in English. It is used to narrate events that occurred in the past but are still relevant to the present. It can be constructed affirmatively, negatively, or interrogatively. The present perfect is used to describe experiences, changes over time, accomplishments, uncompleted actions being expected, and multiple actions occurring at different times in the past. It suggests the process or actions are not yet complete.

2. USED
To narrate
events that
have already
occurred in a
time-specific
or not, in the
past but still
have a
relevance in
the present.

3. STRUCTURE
The sentence is
constructed with
the auxiliary verb
has if in the third
person singular HAS/
(he, she, it) and HAVE
have if (I, they, we,
you) plus the
participle of the
verb: subject +
have been + verb
or participle past.

4. PRAYERS CAN BE PRESENTED
IN THREE WAYS:
AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I I
Have Haven t
You
G
You G
He He
Have
She Has o She Hasn t o
Has
It n It n Have
We We
They Have e They e
Haven t
You You

5. AFIRMATIVE
I have [I've] talked to Peter.
You have [you ve] lived in
Japan.
He has [he s] eaten pizza.
She has [She's] gone to
work.
It has [IT s ] bought for him.
We have [We've] been to
London.
They have [They've]
learned English.

6. NEGATIVE
I haven‘t bought a
shoes.
You haven´t run in the
park.
He hasn´t written a
letter.
She hasn't gone to work.
It hasn´t been repaired.
We haven't been to
London.
They haven't
learned English.

7. INTERROGATIVE
Have you talked to
Camila?
Has he drunk beer?
Has she gone to
school?
Have you been to
Paris?
Have we read a
book?
Have they learned E
nglish?

8. USES
We use the present perfect
for actions that occurred in
the not concrete before
now. The specific time is
not important. Therefore,
we do not often use
expressions specific time
(this morning, yesterday,
last year...) with the
present perfect. You can
use the present perfect
with no specific time
expressions (never, ever,
many times, for, since,
already, yet...).

9. 1. EXPERIENCE
You can use the Examples:
Present Perfect to I have been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE
describe your HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN
experience. It is like FRANCE. MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN THERE
ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES.
saying, "I have the
experience of..." You I have been to France three times.
YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT
can also use this THE END OF THE SENTENCE.
tense to say that you I have never been to France.
have never had a THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE
certain experience. NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING TO
FRANCE.
The Present Perfect
is NOT used to I think I have seen that movie before.
describe a specific He has never traveled by train.
event. Joan has studied two foreign
languages.

10. 2. CHANGE
OVER TIME
We often use You have grown since the last
the Present time I saw you.
The government has
Perfect to talk become more interested in arts
about change education.
Japanese has become one of
that has the most popular courses at the
happened university since the Asian studies
over a period program was established.
My
of time. English has really improved sinc
e I moved to Australia.

11. 3. ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Examples:
We often use the Man has walked on the Moon.
Present Perfect Our son has learned how to read.
Doctors have cured many deadly
to list the diseases.
accomplishment Scientists have split the atom.
s of individuals
and humanity.
You cannot
mention a
specific time.

12. 4. AN UNCOMPLETED
ACTION YOU ARE EXPECTING
We often use the Examples:
Present Perfect James has not finished his
to say that an homework yet.
action which we Susan hasn't
expected has not mastered Japanese, but she
can communicate.
happened. Using
Bill has still not arrived.
the Present
The rain hasn't stopped.
Perfect suggests
that we are still
waiting for the
action to
happen.

13. 5. MULTIPLE ACTIONS AT
FIFFERENT TIMES
We also use the Examples:
Present Perfect The army has attacked that city five
to talk about times.
several different I have had four quizzes and five
actions which tests so far this semester.
We have had many major problems
have occurred in
while working on this project.
the past at She has talked to several
different times. specialists about her problem, but
Present Perfect nobody knows why she is sick.
suggests the
process is not
complete and
more actions are
possible.