The document discusses the present perfect tense and present perfect progressive tense in English grammar. It provides examples of their uses including: (1) actions beginning in the past that continue to the present, (2) actions that occurred at an unspecified time in the past, and (3) to show a connection between the past and present. It also contrasts the present perfect tense with the present perfect progressive tense, noting that the latter emphasizes an action that has been ongoing over a period of time. Formations of positive, negative, and interrogative sentences are demonstrated for both tenses.

1. BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR
“PRESENT PERFECT TENSE and PRESENT
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE”
Herman Efendi D75214052
Okne Putri Armadana D75214070
Ulfiatu Rochmah D75214071

2. Present Perfect Tense
There are three basic uses of simple present perfect tense :
❶Actions beginning in the past and continuing up to the
present moment
Example :
→With time references like before, now, ever,
never........before, up till now, so far
• She has ever met us
(Dia sudah bertemu kami)
→With since/for
• I’ve lived here since 2000
(Saya sudah tinggal disini sejak tahun 2000)

3. ❷Actions which happened at an unspicified time in
the past:
→With no time reference at all
• Have you passed your driving test?
→With references to recent time, like, just, recently,
already, still, yet.
• I’ve just eaten
• She has already met us
→Repeated/ habitual actions
• I’ve watched him on TV several times.
• I’ve often met her

4. ❸To show a connection in the speaker’s mind
between the past and the present. This occurs
in two main ways
→The unfinished past
• I’ve written three letters today
→The indefinite past
• i’ve just heard the news
• have you finished that report yet?

5. FORM OF SETENCES
POSITIVE SETENCE
I have finished my homework
She has finished her homework
He has already finished his homework
Subject Has/have Past participle
I/You/we/ they Have (‘ve) Finished
He/ she/ it Has (‘s) Finished

6. NEGATIVE SETENCE
I have not finished my homework
She has not finished her homework
Subject Haven’t/ hasn’t Past participle
I/You/we/ they Have not (haven’t) Finished
He/ she/ it Has not (hasn’t) Finished

7. INTEROGATIVE SETENCE
have I finished my homework ?
has she finished her homework ?
Has/have Subject Past participle
Have I/You/we/ they Finished
Has He/ she/ it Finished

8. Present Perfect Progressive Tense
❶We use the present perfect progressive in
place of the simple present perfect when we
want to emphasize that something has been in
progress throughout a period Instead of saying:
• I’ve typed all day,
• we can say, for emphasis, i’ve been typing all
day.
• Depending on context, this may mean I’m still
typing or i’ve just recently stopped

9. ❷Some verb like learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep,
stand, study, wait, work naturally suggest
continuity and we often use them with since
and for . we can use them in the simple present
perfect tense:
• I’ve waited here for two hours.
• I’ve worked here since 2000
→But we most often use them in the
progressive:
• I’ve been waiting here for two hours.
• I’ve been working here since 2000

10. ❸CONTRAST with simple present perfect
The present perfect simple is used when
the action is complete and the final achievement
is important:
• I’ve run six kilometres
• (NOT I’ve been running six kilometres)
• The present perfect continous is used when
the activity is important. We are interested in
how someone has been spending time, and
the achievement is not important:
• I’ve been running. ( NOT I’ve run)

11. ❹The simple present perfect and the
progressive forms mean different things here:
• I’ve been painting this room. It will look good
when it’s finished. (the job is unfinished)
• I’ve painted this room. Doesn’t it look good?
(the job is definitely finished)

12. FORM AND SETENCES
POSITIVE SETENCE
Subject Has/have Been Verb-ing
I/you/they/we Have Been Teaching
She/he/it Has been Writing

13. NEGATIVE SETENCE
I/you/they/we Have not
Haven’t
Been waiting
He/she/it Has not
(hasn’t)
Been waiting

14. QUESTION SETENCE
Have I/you/they/we Been waiting?
Has He/she/it Been waiting?