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1. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Affirmative
• I have visited / I have gone
• He has visited / he has gone
• They have visited / they have gone
Structure:
Regular verbs: Subject + have / has + verb + -ED
Irregular verbs: Subject + have / has + verb in third column

2. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Affirmative
• “To have” + past participle
Past participle of regular verbs: verb + “-ed”
Past participle of irregular verbs: The third column
Contracted form:
I have talked → I’ve talked
He has left → He’s left

3. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Negative
• I haven’t visited / I haven’t gone
• She hasn’t visited / she hasn’t gone
• We haven’t visited / we haven’t gone
Structure:
Regular verbs: Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + verb + -ED
Irregular verbs: Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + verb in third column

4. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Negative
• “To have” + not + past participle
Past participle of regular verbs: verb + “-ed”
Past participle of irregular verbs: The third column
Contracted form:
I have not talked → I haven’t talked
He has not left → He hasn’t left

5. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Interrogative
• Have I visited? / have I gone?
• Has he visited? / has he gone?
• Have they visited / have they gone?
Structure:
Regular verbs: Have / has + subject + verb + -ED ?
Irregular verbs: Have / has + subject + verb in third column?

6. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Short answers
• Have I visited ?
• Have you visited ?
• Has he visited ?
• Has she visited ?
• Has it visited ?
• Have we visited ?
• Have you visited ?
• Have they visited ?
• Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes, I have / No, I haven’t
• Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
• Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t
• Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t
• Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes, we have / No, we haven’t
• Yes, they have / No, they haven’t

7. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Uses
• Actions that started in the past and they still continue in the present.
• For: He has worked here for 5 years.
• Since: he has worked here since 1998.
• Past actions that have finished, but they have a consequence in the
present.
• I have already finished; I’m bored now.
• Unspecified past actions when we don’t know when they happened.
• They have gone to the cinema.
• Very recent actions:
− Just: The train has just left.

8. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Time expressions and adverbs
• Ever
• Interrogative: Have you ever travelled to France?
• Negative: I haven’t ever travelled to France
• Never: She has never played rugby.
• Always: You have always been my friend.
• Already: We have already finished the exam.
• Just: I have just arrived home.
They are placed between the auxiliary verb “HAVE”
and the main verb

9. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Time expressions and adverbs
• For: We have lived in Madrid for 5 years.
• Yet
• Interrogative: Have you bought a car yet?
• Negative: I haven’t bought a car yet.
It appears at the end of the sentence
• Since: I haven’t heard from him since 2002.
• Recently: Mary has recently visited England.
• Lately: I haven’t been to the gym lately.
• Several times: They have worked for us several times.
• So far: How many countries have you been to so far?

10. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
FOR / SINCE
• FOR + period of time that indicates duration.
• It answers the question “How long?”
How long have you lived here?
We have lived here for 10 years
• SINCE + the moment when the action started.
I haven’t seen him since Tuesday.

11. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Time expressions and adverbs
• Already
• Yet
• Always
• Ever
• Never
• Just
• Lately
• Recently
• Since
• For
• So far
• Today
• This week / month / year
• How long?

12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND
PAST SIMPLE
• The PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE indicates an action in the past,
but it is related to the present.
Recently, already, just, yet, for…
• The PAST SIMPLE indicates an action that started and ended in
the past.
Yesterday, last year, a month ago, in 2011…

13. PAST SIMPLE
Time expressions and adverbs
• A month ago
• A year ago, etc.
• Last week
• Last month, etc.
•Yesterday
• In 2010
• In January
•When
• The other day, night, etc.

14. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative
• I have been visiting / I have been writing
• He has been visiting / he has been writing
• They have been visiting / they have been writing
Structure:
Subject + have / has + been + verb + -ING

15. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Negative
• I haven’t been visiting / I haven’t been writing
• He hasn’t been visiting / he hasn’t been writing
• They haven’t been visiting / they haven’t been writing
Structure:
Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + been + verb + -ING

16. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Interrogative
• Have you been visiting? / Have you been writing?
• Has he been visiting? / Has he been writing?
• Have they been visiting? / Have they been writing?
Structure:
Have / has + subject + been + verb + -ING ?

17. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Short answers
• Have I been visiting ?
• Have you been visiting ?
• Has he been visiting ?
• Has she been visiting ?
• Has it been visiting ?
• Have we been visiting ?
• Have you been visiting ?
• Have they been visiting ?
• Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes, I have / No, I haven’t
• Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
• Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t
• Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t
• Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes, we have / No, we haven’t
• Yes, they have / No, they haven’t

18. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Uses
•Actions that started in the past and they still continue in the
present, with an emphasis on duration.
• For: He has been working here for 5 years.
• Since: he has been working here since 1998.
•Past actions that have finished, but they have a consequence
in the present, with an emphasis on duration.
• I have been doing exercises; I’m tired now.

19. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Time expressions and adverbs
• All day
• All morning, etc.
• Lately
• Recently
•Since
• For
• How long?

20. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN :
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
AND
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

21. The PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE refers to:
• Completed actions that are still relevant to the present.
I have broken my leg, so I can’t go skiing.
• Actions that started in the past and are still going on
(usually with “for”, “since” and stative verbs”.
Max has wanted a new mountain bike for over a year
• Actions that happened several times in the past with no
specific time.
Zoe has competed in the marathon three times.

22. The PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE is used with:
•Expressions like: This is the first time … (ever), this is the
second time … (ever), this is the best time… (ever), this
is the worst time… (ever)
•This is the first time I have ever ridden a horse.
•Unfinished time periods: so far, today, this morning…
We have won all the games so far this season.

23. The PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS refers to:
• Actions that began in the past and they are still going
on with an emphasis on the duration.
Amy has been skating since she was four years old.
• A longer action that began in the past and has just
finished. We can see the results of the action in the
present
I’m out of breath because I have been running.