The document describes the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous tenses in English. It provides the structures, examples, and uses of each tense. The present perfect simple is used for completed past actions that are still relevant or actions that started in the past and continue. The present perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an action that began in the past and continues in the present or has just finished. The key difference is that the simple tense focuses on completion while the continuous tense focuses on ongoing or continuous duration.

1. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Affirmative
• I have visited / I have gone
• He has visited / he has gone
• They have visited / they have gone
Structure:
Regular verbs: Subject + have / has + verb + -ED
Irregular verbs: Subject + have / has + verb in third column

2. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Affirmative
• “To have” + past participle
Past participle of regular verbs: verb + “-ed”
Past participle of irregular verbs: The third column
Contracted form:
I have talked → I’ve talked
He has left → He’s left

3. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Negative
• I haven’t visited / I haven’t gone
• She hasn’t visited / she hasn’t gone
• We haven’t visited / we haven’t gone
Structure:
Regular verbs: Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + verb + -ED
Irregular verbs: Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + verb in third column

4. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Negative
• “To have” + not + past participle
Past participle of regular verbs: verb + “-ed”
Past participle of irregular verbs: The third column
Contracted form:
I have not talked → I haven’t talked
He has not left → He hasn’t left

5. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Interrogative
• Have I visited? / have I gone?
• Has he visited? / has he gone?
• Have they visited / have they gone?
Structure:
Regular verbs: Have / has + subject + verb + -ED ?
Irregular verbs: Have / has + subject + verb in third column?

6. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Short answers
• Have I visited ?
• Have you visited ?
• Has he visited ?
• Has she visited ?
• Has it visited ?
• Have we visited ?
• Have you visited ?
• Have they visited ?
• Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes, I have / No, I haven’t
• Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
• Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t
• Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t
• Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes, we have / No, we haven’t
• Yes, they have / No, they haven’t

7. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Uses
• Actions that started in the past and they still continue in the present.
• For: He has worked here for 5 years.
• Since: he has worked here since 1998.
• Past actions that have finished, but they have a consequence in the
present.
• I have already finished; I’m bored now.
• Unspecified past actions when we don’t know when they happened.
• They have gone to the cinema.
• Very recent actions:
− Just: The train has just left.

8. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Time expressions and adverbs
• Ever
• Interrogative: Have you ever travelled to France?
• Negative: I haven’t ever travelled to France
• Never: She has never played rugby.
• Always: You have always been my friend.
• Already: We have already finished the exam.
• Just: I have just arrived home.
They are placed between the auxiliary verb “HAVE”
and the main verb

9. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Time expressions and adverbs
• For: We have lived in Madrid for 5 years.
• Yet
• Interrogative: Have you bought a car yet?
• Negative: I haven’t bought a car yet.
It appears at the end of the sentence
• Since: I haven’t heard from him since 2002.
• Recently: Mary has recently visited England.
• Lately: I haven’t been to the gym lately.
• Several times: They have worked for us several times.
• So far: How many countries have you been to so far?

10. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
FOR / SINCE
• FOR + period of time that indicates duration.
• It answers the question “How long?”
How long have you lived here?
We have lived here for 10 years
• SINCE + the moment when the action started.
I haven’t seen him since Tuesday.

11. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Time expressions and adverbs
• Already
• Yet
• Always
• Ever
• Never
• Just
• Lately
• Recently
• Since
• For
• So far
• Today
• This week / month / year
• How long?

12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND
PAST SIMPLE
• The PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE indicates an action in the past,
but it is related to the present.
Recently, already, just, yet, for…
• The PAST SIMPLE indicates an action that started and ended in
the past.
Yesterday, last year, a month ago, in 2011…

13. PAST SIMPLE
Time expressions and adverbs
• A month ago
• A year ago, etc.
• Last week
• Last month, etc.
•Yesterday
• In 2010
• In January
•When
• The other day, night, etc.

14. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative
• I have been visiting / I have been writing
• He has been visiting / he has been writing
• They have been visiting / they have been writing
Structure:
Subject + have / has + been + verb + -ING

15. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Negative
• I haven’t been visiting / I haven’t been writing
• He hasn’t been visiting / he hasn’t been writing
• They haven’t been visiting / they haven’t been writing
Structure:
Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + been + verb + -ING

16. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Interrogative
• Have you been visiting? / Have you been writing?
• Has he been visiting? / Has he been writing?
• Have they been visiting? / Have they been writing?
Structure:
Have / has + subject + been + verb + -ING ?

17. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Short answers
• Have I been visiting ?
• Have you been visiting ?
• Has he been visiting ?
• Has she been visiting ?
• Has it been visiting ?
• Have we been visiting ?
• Have you been visiting ?
• Have they been visiting ?
• Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes, I have / No, I haven’t
• Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
• Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t
• Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t
• Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes, we have / No, we haven’t
• Yes, they have / No, they haven’t

18. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Uses
•Actions that started in the past and they still continue in the
present, with an emphasis on duration.
• For: He has been working here for 5 years.
• Since: he has been working here since 1998.
•Past actions that have finished, but they have a consequence
in the present, with an emphasis on duration.
• I have been doing exercises; I’m tired now.

19. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Time expressions and adverbs
• All day
• All morning, etc.
• Lately
• Recently
•Since
• For
• How long?

20. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN :
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
AND
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

21. The PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE refers to:
• Completed actions that are still relevant to the present.
I have broken my leg, so I can’t go skiing.
• Actions that started in the past and are still going on
(usually with “for”, “since” and stative verbs”.
Max has wanted a new mountain bike for over a year
• Actions that happened several times in the past with no
specific time.
Zoe has competed in the marathon three times.

22. The PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE is used with:
•Expressions like: This is the first time … (ever), this is the
second time … (ever), this is the best time… (ever), this
is the worst time… (ever)
•This is the first time I have ever ridden a horse.
•Unfinished time periods: so far, today, this morning…
We have won all the games so far this season.

23. The PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS refers to:
• Actions that began in the past and they are still going
on with an emphasis on the duration.
Amy has been skating since she was four years old.
• A longer action that began in the past and has just
finished. We can see the results of the action in the
present
I’m out of breath because I have been running.