The document discusses the use of the present perfect tense in English grammar. It provides examples of affirmative, question, and negative sentence structures using the present perfect tense. It also discusses the uses of the present perfect tense, including to describe recently completed past actions that relate to the present, actions that began in the past and continue in the present, and the use of time particles like "just", "already", "yet", "ever", "never", "for", and "since" with the present perfect tense. It highlights the difference between using "for" and "since" to indicate periods of time versus when an action began exactly.

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AFFIRMATIVE
SUJETO + HAVE/ HAS + V3
I have sung
You have taught
He has played
She has written
It has slept
We have studied
You have gone
They have asked

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QUESTION
HAVE/ HAS + SUJETO + V3?
Have I sung?
Have you taught?
Has he played?
Has she written?
Has it slept?
Have we studied?
Have you gone?
Have they asked?

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NEGATIVE
SUJETO + HAVE / HAS + NOT + V3
I have not sung
You have not taught
He has not played
She has not written
It has not slept
We have not studied
You have not gone
They have not asked

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USO DEL PRESENT PERFECT
A) PARA DESCRIBIR ACCIONES QUE ACABAN DE SUCEDER EN EL PASADO Y QUE
GUARDAN ALGUNA RELACIÓN CON EL PRESENTE. EQUIVALE EN CASTELLANO AL
PRETÉRITO PERFECTO:
E.g.: United have won the Cup! We are champions!
E.g.: Jane is so happy because she’s found a new job.
B) PARA ACCIONES QUE EMPEZARON EN EL PASADO Y CONTINÚAN EN EL
PRESENTE:
E.g.: We’ve lived here for ten years. (And we still live here)
E.g.: This young director has made six films so far.

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C) CON LAS SIGUIENTES PARTÍCULAS:
PARTICLE SPANISH EXAMPLE SPECIAL FEATURES
JUST Ahora mismo I have just arrived from work
ALREADY Ya She has already arrived from work
YET Todavía She hasn´t arrived from work yet Negative sentences
EVER Jamás This is the best picture I have ever seen Used with the Superlative
NEVER Nunca I have never been to Ireland
FOR Desde hace I have studied Swiss for ten years
SINCE Desde I have studied Swiss since 1999
RECENTLY Recientemente I have not seen Sarah recently
DIFERENCIA ENTRE “ FOR” Y “ SINCE”:
FOR = “ desde hace” SINCE = “ desde”
( PERIODS OF TIME) ( WHEN THE ACTION BEGAN
EXACTLY)
2 hours 10 o´clock
Three days Monday
Four months Last week
Five years 1998
Over half an hour My birthday
Last Christmas