The document discusses the present perfect and present perfect progressive tenses in English. It provides examples of how to use these tenses to talk about actions that began in the past but continue in the present or may continue into the future. It also explains how to use "for" and "since" with these tenses to indicate length of time or when an action started. Finally, it outlines the structures and forms for affirmative and negative statements and yes/no and wh- questions in the present perfect and present perfect progressive.

1. Grammar Heroes Present perfect – present perfect progressive

2. We use the present perfect and present perfect progressive to talk about actions that started in the past, but continue in the present and might continue in the future. Examples I have been saving people for 10 years. I have saved people for 10 years.

3. We use the present perfect and the present perfect progressive with for and since. FOR – WE USE IT FOR LENGTH OF TIME We have been playing this games for 2 hours. SINCE – WE USE IT TO SHOW WHEN THE ACTION STARTED She has been working here since the year 2000.

4. When we use the present perfect without a time expression, we are talking about actions that happened at some idefinite time in the past. have eaten We have eaten cheeseburgers. She has eaten pizza.

5. Use the present perfect or the simple present with unfinished time periods: today, this week, this month, and this year. I have seen this movie four times this month. Use the present perfect or the simple present with unfinished time periods: today, this week, this month, and this year. I have seen this movie four times this month. Use the simple past for things that might not happen again in that time period. I saw this movie four times this month.

6. STRUCTURES – PRESENT PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+VERB(PAST PARTICIPLE). SHE HAS TAKEN THIS CLASS BEFORE. NEGATIVE STATEMENTS SUBJECT+HAVEN’T/HASN’T+VERB(PAST PARTICIPLE). SHE HASN’T TAKEN THIS CLASS BEFORE.

7. YES/NO QUESTION HAS/HAVE+SUBJECT+VERB(PAST PARTICIPLE)? HAS SHE DONE THIS BEFORE? YES, SHE HAS. NO, SHE HASN’T WH-QUESTIONS WH…+HAVE/HAS+SUBJECT+VERB(PAST PARTICIPLE) WHERE HAS SHE GONE?

8. STRUCTURES – PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+VERB(ING). SHE HAS BEEN TAKING THIS CLASS FOR TWO YEARS. NEGATIVE STATEMENTS SUBJECT+HAVEN’T/HASN’T+BEEN+VERB(ING). SHE HASN’T BEEN TAKING THIS CLASS.

9. YES/NO QUESTION HAS/HAVE+SUBJECT+BEEN+VERB(ING)? HAS SHE BEEN DOING THIS? YES, SHE HAS. NO, SHE HASN’T WH-QUESTIONS WH…+HAVE/HAS+SUBJECT+BEEN+VERB(ING) WHERE HAS SHE BEEN GOING?