The document discusses the present perfect tense in English. It expresses actions that began in the past and continue in the present or have relevance in the present. The present perfect is formed using the auxiliary verbs have or has plus the past participle of the main verb. It provides examples of using the present perfect in positive and negative sentences, with contractions, and with time expressions like since, for, already, and yet.

1. PRESENT
PERFECT
Present perfect, expresses an action
that is still going on or that stopped
recently, but has an influence on the
present. It puts emphasis on the result

3. AUXILIARY
HAVE ----- I, You,
We, They
HAS----- He, She, It

4. VERB
PAST PARTICIPLE
GONE, SWUM, SLEPT, DREAMT,
JUMPED, CUT, COOKED, ETC.

5. FORMULA

6. POSITIVE
 Example:
o I have studied Math.
o He has written a letter to María.
o We’ve been in London.
o She’s travelled around the world.
o Our son has learned how to read.

7. NEGATIVE
oExample:
o I haven’t seen the movie « GRAVITY».
o She hasn’t travelled around the world.
o We have not studied for our quiz.
o My brother has not won a competition.

8. CONTRACTIONS
Positive
I have ---------- I’ve
You have ----- You’ve
He has ---------- He’s
She has -------- She’s
It has ------------ it’s
We have ------- we’ve
They have ----- they’ve

9. Negative
I have not ---------------- I haven’t
You have not ----------- You haven’t
He has not --------------- He hasn’t
She has not -------------- She hasn’t
It has not ------------------ It hasn’t
We have not ------------ We haven’t
They have not ---------- They haven’t

10. Note:
You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific
time expressions such as: yesterday, one year
ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived
in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day,
etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with
unspecific expressions such as: ever, never,
once, many times, several times, before, so far,
already, yet, etc.

11. Example:
 I have seen that movie twenty times.
 I think I have met him once before.
 There have been many earthquakes in California.
 People have traveled to the Moon.
 People have not traveled to Mars.
 Have you read the book yet?
 Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

12. SINCE / FOR
 For + a period of time (for six years, for a week, for a
month, for hours, for two hours.)
- I have taught English for 12 years.
 Since + a point in time (since this morning, since last
week, since yesterday,)
- I have taught English since 2001.

13. ALREADY/ YET
 Note: Already is going to be used: in question
and answers in positive, and yet is going to be
used in answers in negative.
 Example:
 Have you already gone to New York?
 Yes, I have already gone to New York.
 No, I haven’t gone to New York yet.

14.  Note: Already can also be used at the
end of the question to express surprised.
E.G. Have you finished already?

15. Make the present perfect sentences - it could be
positive, negative or question.
 1) I / go / to the library today .
 2) you / keep a pet for three years.
 3) you / come / here / before/ ?.
 4) it / rain all day/ ?.
 5) she / steal / all the chocolates.
 6) he / study Latin.
 7) I/ know / him for three months.
 8) we/ not / use / our tickets.
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