This document outlines a health education plan for diabetes using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. It includes 9 phases: social, epidemiological, behavioral, educational, administrative, implementation, process, impact, and outcome evaluation. The plan aims to promote healthy lifestyles through social behavior change communication to prevent and control diabetes in Dhangadhi, Nepal. Objectives include increasing knowledge of diabetes risks, prevention measures, and the importance of physical activity. Educational methods will include lectures, films, and role plays using pamphlets, posters, and a projector.
CM 1.3 Agent Host and environmemtal factors ,epidemiological triad ,multi fac...Anjali Singh
This lecture is for the First Year Students -Agent Host and environmental factors(CM3.1) -Causation of disease has given various concepts- ranging from older theories to modern theories
Older theories started from 10,000 years ago back till the early 19th century which was based on supernatural theory, bad air, living things generation form non-living things
These theories were followed by the germ theory of disease given in 1960 by Louis Pasteur when he demonstrated the presence of bacteria in the air and disapproved of the spontaneous generation of disease
1873 advanced germ theory was established
1877 Robert Koch showed that anthrax is caused by bacteria
After that gonococcus, typhoid cholera, TB, and diphtheria bacterium were discovered and finally, medicine shed the dogma of magic and superstition and wore the robe of scientific knowledge
CM 1.3 Agent Host and environmemtal factors ,epidemiological triad ,multi fac...Anjali Singh
This lecture is for the First Year Students -Agent Host and environmental factors(CM3.1) -Causation of disease has given various concepts- ranging from older theories to modern theories
Older theories started from 10,000 years ago back till the early 19th century which was based on supernatural theory, bad air, living things generation form non-living things
These theories were followed by the germ theory of disease given in 1960 by Louis Pasteur when he demonstrated the presence of bacteria in the air and disapproved of the spontaneous generation of disease
1873 advanced germ theory was established
1877 Robert Koch showed that anthrax is caused by bacteria
After that gonococcus, typhoid cholera, TB, and diphtheria bacterium were discovered and finally, medicine shed the dogma of magic and superstition and wore the robe of scientific knowledge
Globalization, Global Health and Public Health.
Changing Concepts of Public Health.
Causes, Aspects and Types of Globalization.
Social Changes due to Globalization.
How Globalization affects Public Health.
Globalization of Public Health.
Threats to Global Health.
An overview of a key statistical technique in epidemiology – standardization - is introduced. The process and application of both direct and indirect standardization in improving the validity of comparisons between populations are described.
Measles and its prevention - Slideset by professor EdwardsWAidid
In this study Professor Kathryn M. Edwards (Sarah H. Sell and Cornelius Vanderbilt Professor - Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Vanderbilt University Medical Center) provides an update on measles and its prevention.
To learn more, please visit www.waidid.org!
This presentation describes what is new public health with adapted components from the previous eras of public health. Health promotion and evolution of public health is covered here.
Measurements of morbidity and mortality
At the end of the session, the students shall be able to
List the basic measurements in epidemiology
Select an appropriate tools of measurement
Measure morbidity & mortality
Perform standardization of rates
Globalization, Global Health and Public Health.
Changing Concepts of Public Health.
Causes, Aspects and Types of Globalization.
Social Changes due to Globalization.
How Globalization affects Public Health.
Globalization of Public Health.
Threats to Global Health.
An overview of a key statistical technique in epidemiology – standardization - is introduced. The process and application of both direct and indirect standardization in improving the validity of comparisons between populations are described.
Measles and its prevention - Slideset by professor EdwardsWAidid
In this study Professor Kathryn M. Edwards (Sarah H. Sell and Cornelius Vanderbilt Professor - Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Vanderbilt University Medical Center) provides an update on measles and its prevention.
To learn more, please visit www.waidid.org!
This presentation describes what is new public health with adapted components from the previous eras of public health. Health promotion and evolution of public health is covered here.
Measurements of morbidity and mortality
At the end of the session, the students shall be able to
List the basic measurements in epidemiology
Select an appropriate tools of measurement
Measure morbidity & mortality
Perform standardization of rates
What is PRECEDE/PROCEED?
PRECEDE/PROCEED is a community-oriented, participatory model for creating successful community health promotion interventions.
Intervention research in schools :Mixed-method realist trials of complex preventive interventions in schools
Présentation de Laurence Moore au colloque "Recherche interventionnelle contre le cancer : Réunir chercheurs, décideurs et acteurs de terrain » - 17 et 18 novembre 2014, BnF, Paris
CORE Group Fall Meeting 2010. The Program Assessment Guide, Structuring Contextual Knowledge and Experience to Improve the Design, Delivery and Effectiveness of Nutrition Interventions.
The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a comprehensive structure for assessing health needs for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion and other public health programs to meet those needs. PRECEDE provides the structure for planning a targeted and focused public health program. PROCEED provides the structure for implementing and evaluating the public health program.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdf
Preparation of model health education plan, PRECEDE-PROCEED.pptx
1. Preparation of model health
education plan, PRECEDE-
PROCEED Model, including
sustainable planning
Presenter
Jagat Prasad Upadhyay
Muskan Pudasainee
MPH 2nd Semester
School of Health and Allied Science
(SHAS)
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 1
2. Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (Theory)
• PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (Health Education Program Planning)
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 2
3. Health Education
• Health education is a process of educating people about health.
• Communication activity aimed at enhancing positive health and preventing or
diminishing ill-health in individuals and groups through influencing the
beliefs, attitudes and behaviors of those with power and of the community at
large
-(Downie, Fyfe, and Tannahill, 1994)
• Health education comprises consciously constructed opportunities for
learning involving some form of communication designed to improve health
literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing life skills that are
conducive to individual and community health.
-(WHO, 1998)
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 3
4. PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
• The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a comprehensive structure for
assessing health needs for designing, implementing and evaluating
health education, health promotion, and other public health programs
to meet those needs.
• PRECEDE provides the structure for planning a targeted and focused
public health program.
• PROCEED provides the structure for implementing and evaluating the
public health program.
• Given by, Lawrence W. Green, Marshall Krueter
• For PRECEDE, (Approx. 1968 – 1974)
• For PROCEED, (Late 1980s)
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 4
5. PRECEDE
• P = Predisposing,
• R = Reinforcing,
• E = Enabling,
• C = Causes in,
• E = Educational,
• D = Diagnosis, and
• E = Evaluation
PROCEED
• P = Policy,
• R = Regulatory,
• O = Organizational,
• C = Constructs in,
• E = Educational, and
• E = Environmental
• D = Development
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 5
6. PRECEDE
• Look at present outcomes of health habits and quality of life of the
target population
• Ask “WHY?” rather than “HOW?”
• First portion of the model
• Diagnostic phase
• Built on the belief that there is a need to engage in
multidimensional diagnoses to more effectively determine factors
that may influence health status in the community
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 6
7. PROCEED
• Goes beyond educational interventions to the political, managerial,
and economic actions necessary to make social system
environments more conducive to healthful lifestyles and a more
complete state of physical, mental and social well-being for all.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 7
10. PROCEED (Implementing and Evaluating Part)
• Phase 6- Implementation
• Phase 7- Process Evaluation
• Phase 8- Impact Evaluation
• Phase 9- Outcome Evaluation
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 10
11. Phase 1: Social Diagnosis
• Determine people’s perceptions of their own needs and quality of
life.
• Important because of reciprocal relationship between health and
quality of life
• Links between social problems & specific health problems used to
develop focus for health education
• Methodology for social diagnosis:
Interviews, Focus group discussions, RRA (rapid rural appraisal),
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA), Observation – participatory &
non-participatory, Surveys, Literature Review etc
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 11
12. Phase 2-Epidemiological Diagnosis
• Identify which health problems are most important to the
population or community that are associated with the quality of
life
• Identify specific health problems and non-health factors which are
associated with a poor quality of life
• Answer “What health problems are important (measured
objectively, rather than subjectively)?”
• Establish the relationships between health problems and quality
of life
• Establish dimensions for measuring health problems – indicators
for morbidity, mortality, & disability
• Set priorities within health problems and within target population.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 12
13. Phase 3- Behavioral & Environmental
Diagnosis
• Seek to identify behavioral and environmental factors contribute
to the health problems of the interest
• Focuses on systematic identification of health practices and other
factors which seem to be linked to health problems defined in
Phase 2
• Includes non-behavioral causes (personal and environmental
factors) that can contribute to health problems, but are not
controlled by behavior
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 13
14. Phase 3- Behavioral & Environmental
Diagnosis
• Behavioral factors are those behaviors or lifestyle of the
individuals at risk that contribute to the occurrence and severity
of the health problem
• Environmental factors
• Are those social and physical factors external to the individual
• Often beyond his or her personal control
• That can be modified to support the behavior or influence the health
outcome
• Modified environmental factors usually requires strategies other than
education
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 14
15. Phase 4- Educational Diagnosis
• This phase identifies those antecedent and reinforcing factors that
initiate and sustain the change process
• Three types of factors are identified:
• Predisposing factors
• Enabling factors
• Reinforcing factors
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 15
16. Phase 4- Educational Diagnosis
• Predisposing factors are the factors that provide the rationale or
motivation for a behavior.
• Knowledge
• Attitudes
• Beliefs
• Values
• Perceived needs and abilities
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 16
17. Phase 4- Educational Diagnosis
• Reinforcing factors are those elements that appear subsequent to
the behavior and that provide continuing reward or incentive for
the behavior to become persistent
• Social support - reward, or punishment
• Peer influence
• Significant others’ support
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 17
18. Phase 4- Educational Diagnosis
• Enabling factors are those that enable (allows) motivation to be
realized; can affect behavior directly or indirectly through a
conducive environmental
• Programs, services, and resources necessary for behavioral
change
• Accessibility, availability, skills
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 18
19. Phase 5- Administrative and Policy Diagnosis
• Focuses on administrative and organizational concerns which
must be addressed prior to program implementation
• Includes identification of policies, assessment of resources(time,
people, funding), concerned organization and coordination with
others that could facilitate or hinder program implementation
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 19
20. Phase 5- Administrative and Policy Diagnosis
• Administrative Diagnosis
• Analysis of policies, resources and circumstances prevailing
organizational situations that could hinder or facilitate the
development of the health program
• Policy Diagnosis
• Assesses the compatibility of your program goals/objectives with
those of the organization and its administration
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 20
21. Phase 6- Implementation of the Program
• Planned activities and strategies are carried out with the target population
• Includes development of implementation timetable, organization and
coordination with others
Strategies of implementing health education programme:-
1. Building commitment
2. Training of health education workers
3. Mobilizing and utilizing resources
4. Organizing Community
5. Monitoring the programme
6. Supervision of HE programme
7. Recording and reporting
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 21
22. Phase 7- Process Evaluation
• Determine the extent to which the program was implemented
according to protocol (Overall program)
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 22
23. Phase 8- Impact Evaluation
• Assesses change in predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors,
as well as in the behavioral and environmental factors (Program
Impact)
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 23
24. Phase 9- Outcome Evaluation
• Outcome evaluation determines the effect of the program on
health and quality of life.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 24
25. Planning, Implementation, and evaluation of health
education program on Diabetes Mellitus by using
PRECEDE-PROCEED model on Dhangadi Sub-
Metropolitan city, ward no:6, Matiyari, Kailali
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 25
26. Introduction
• Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how the
body uses blood sugar (glucose).. More commonly referred to as
“diabetes”
Type 1 DM (Insulin-dependent DM / childhood-onset diabetes)
• Type 1 DM characterized by beta cell destruction caused by an
autoimmune process, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency
• it is usually seen in individuals<30 years of age
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 26
27. Introduction
Type 2 DM (Non-insulin dependent DM / Adult-onset diabetes)
• It is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissue and an insulin
secretory defect of the beta cell.
• It is Most common form of diabetes mellitus and mainly occurs in the middle-
aged and elderly
• It accounts for 90-95% of all cases of diabetes.
Prediabetes. Blood glucose levels are higher than what’s considered normal,
but not high enough to qualify as diabetes.
Gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that can
develop during pregnancy in women who don't already have diabetes
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 27
28. Risk Factors
Type 1
• Family history: Having a
parent, brother, or sister
with type 1 diabetes.
• Age: You can get type 1
diabetes at any age, but it
usually develops in children,
teens, or young adults.
Type 2
• Have prediabetes.
• Are overweight.
• Are 45 years or older.
• Have a parent, brother, or
sister with type 2 diabetes.
• Are physically inactive
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 28
32. Diabetes around the world in 2021
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 32
Sources: International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 2021
33. Southeast Asia Scenario
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 33
• 1 in 11 adults (90 million) are living with diabetes.
• The number of adults with diabetes is expected to reach 113
million by 2030 and 151 million by 2045.
• Over 1 in 2 adults living with diabetes are undiagnosed.
• 747,000 deaths caused by diabetes in 2021.
• USD 10 billion spent on diabetes in 2021.
Sources: International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 2021
34. Prevalence of diabetes in the WHO South-East
Asia Region
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 34
Country Adults with diabetes (20–79 y),
1,000s
Diabetes prevalence (20–79 y) ( %)
Bangladesh 13136.3 12.5
Bhutan 44.8 8.8
India 74194.7 8.3
Maldives 27.0 6.7
Nepal 1133.5 7.2
Srilanka 1417.6 9.8
Sources: International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 2021
35. National Scenario
• Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading cause of death in Nepal.
• According to the latest WHO data published in 2017 Diabetes Mellitus
Deaths in Nepal reached 6,482 or 3.97% of total deaths.
• Prevalence of diabetes was 7.2 percent among adults (20-70)yrs (IDF 2021),
a recent nationwide survey shows a prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus as 8.5%
(men: 4.6% and women: 2.7%) among 15-69 years population (STEPS
Survey 2013); however some sources indicated higher prevalence of about
11 percent in certain areas.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 35
Source: Nepal health profile , Multi-sectoral Action Plan on the Prevention and Control of NCD in Nepal 2014-2020
36. Phase I: Social Diagnosis
• Literacy rate = 65%
• 12% people are physically inactive,
• Unemployment rate is 15%
• Poor living condition
• Low income
11/11/2023
PREDEDE- PROCEED Model
Note:- All Data are Imaginary
36
37. Phase II – Epidemiological Diagnosis
• Burden of Disease:-
• Prevalence of DM :- 55%
• High in male than female
• % of smoker & alcohol drinker are more than 50.
• More than 20% of the population are overweight.
• It is common in physically inactive, overweight, smoker, alcohol
consumption etc.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 37
Note:- All Data are Imaginary
38. Phase III: Behavioral and Environmental
Diagnosis
Behavioral:-
• Habit of living luxurious lifestyle.
• Ignorance of Personal Health.
• Increase consumption of junk food.
• Habit of Smoking & drinking alcohol
Environmental:-
• Area for physical exercise.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 38
39. Phase IV: Educational and Organizational
Diagnosis
Predisposing Factors:-
• 65% of People have lack of knowledge on Diabetes Mellitus.
• 60% of people don’t know about the risk factor of DM.
• Only 30% of the total population have known about the Preventive
measures of DM.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 39
40. Phase IV: Educational and Organizational
Diagnosis
Reinforcing Factors:-
• Food culture of the family
• High advertisement and social marketing of Junk food.
• Peer Influence
Enabling Factors:-
• Easy availability of junk food
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 40
41. Phase V: Administrative and Policy
Diagnosis
• Multi-sectoral Action Plan on the Prevention and Control of NCD in
Nepal 2014-2020
• Non Communicable Diseases Risk Factors: STEPS Survey Nepal
2019
• PEN Package
• WHO guidelines related to NCDs
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 41
42. Goal and Objectives
Goal:- Promoting healthy lifestyle through social behavior change
communication for the prevention and control of Diabetes Mellitus
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 42
43. Goal and Objectives……
Objectives:-
By the end of this programmes
• 80% of participant will be able to know the DM.
• 80% of the participant will be able to list 3-4 risk factor of DM.
• At least 50% of Participants will know about the effect of high intake of fat, salt,
sugar and carbohydrate.
• 70% of the participant will be able to list at least 3-4 Preventive measures of
DM
• 60% of the participant will know about the importance of physical activity in
preventing DM
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 43
44. Content to be Taught
• Introduction of DM
• Risk factor of DM
• About junk food & its health impact.
• Preventive measure of DM
-Daily requirements of fat, salt, sugar and Carbohydrate
- Physical Activity & its importance.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 44
45. Target group
• 30 participant of the Dhangadhi sub-metropolitan city ward no. 6,
Matiyari & age between 20-60 years.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 45
46. Methods and Media
Methods
• Mini-Lecture/lecture
• Short Film/Documentary
• Role play
Media
• Pamphlets
• Projector
• Laptop
• Posters
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 46
47. Resources
• Health educator:- MPH 2nd semester students and health
coordinator of health section
• IEC materials will be managed from Health office/Health
section/health facilities.
• Laptop and documentary/film will be managed by Ourselves.
• Required Money will be managed by Ourselves.
• Hall:- Bhairav higher secondary school, matiyari
• Materials:- Projector will be managed from School
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 47
48. Detail Plan of Action
• Health Education programme will be conducted for 1 day
Detailed Plan of action
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 48
49. Phase VI: Implementation of the Program
Strategies of implementing health education programme:-
1. Building commitment
2. Training of health education workers
3. Mobilizing and utilizing resources
4. Organizing Community
5. Monitoring the programme
6. Supervision of HE programme
7. Recording and reporting
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 49
50. Building commitment
• Local political leaders, Teachers group, Mothers group, Youth club, FCHVs etc.
should be committed to cooperate for the success of the health education
programme.
• The group of Health education provider should be committed to motivate all
active group participant to motivate for the cooperation for the success of the
health education programme
• The group of health education provider should be committed to provide
quality education to the participant.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 50
51. Training of Health Education Workers
• Health Educator must be trained to provide quality health
education.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 51
52. Mobilizing and Utilizing Resources
• Resource must be adequate before the conduction of health education
program (such as human, money, materials & time).
• Proper mobilization of these resources must be done for effective result.
• Maximize the use of locally available resources for effective result.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 52
53. Organizing Community
• Involve of the participant as a volunteer during the conduction of the
program; for role play, registration etc.
• A committee Organize for monitoring, evaluation and follow-up of the
program.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 53
54. Monitoring the programme
• To check whether the programme is going on as planned or not
monitoring will be done.
• Regular checking of the programme is done by the help of
organized committee and by health educator themselves.
• It will be done by-
• Interviewing the concerned person
• Suggesting on problems if any
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 54
55. Supervision of HE programme
• For the supervision of the program, there will be a Supervising
Committee consisting four MPH 2nd Semester student. The
supervising committee will provide:-
Guidance
Direction
Suggestion
Feedback
• The use of close questionnaire, observation checklist.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 55
56. Recording and reporting
• Recording and reporting of each event should be done by MPH 2nd
Semester students.
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 56
58. Phase VII: Process Evaluation
Evaluation of
• Goal
• Objectives
• Detail plan of action
• Materials
• Methods & Media
• Resource person
• Health education program as a whole
Evaluation tools/techniques:- Observation-checklist
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 58
59. Phase VIII: Impact Evaluation
Short term impact evaluation:-
• Assessment of knowledge of all participant through Pretest and
post test evaluation.
• Tools for evaluation
• Questionnaire
-pre test, post-test
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 59
60. Phase VIII: Impact Evaluation cont. …
Long term impact evaluation:-
• Dietary habit of participants.
• Physical exercise of the participants
• Attitude of people on diabetes mellitus.
• Tools for evaluation:-
• Observation
• Record review for health seeking behaviour
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 60
61. Phase IX: Outcome evaluation
• Prevalence of DM
• Mortality due to DM
• Tools for evaluation:-
• Secondary Data review
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 61
62. References
• Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in Nepal:
findings from a nationwide population-based survey
• Nepal Burden of Disease 2019: A Country Report based on the
2019 Global Burden of Disease study
11/11/2023 PREDEDE- PROCEED Model 62