Introduction to Environment and public health and its history, importance, and impact in our life.

1. 30th October 2019
WEDNSDAY
ENVIRONMENTAL
AND PUBLIC
HEALTHThe Truly Healthy environment is not merely safe but
stimulating.
William H. StewartMEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

2. ENVIRONMENT
2
Environment relates to surroundings which include the interaction of all living
species, climate, weather, and natural resources that affect human survival
and economic activity. Environment consists of both natural and artificial
elements.
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

3. HEALTH
It is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.
• The link between the human life and
environment is unbreakable and if
any such efforts are made, then
either directly or indirectly it will harm
all the living creatures. Thus
Environment and Public health are
interconnected to each other.
3
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

4. Environmental
public health
(EPH)
Environmental public health (EPH) is
concerned with preventing diseases
of environmental origin.
• These diseases can arise from
exposures to infectious pathogens in
food, water, air, animals or vectors (such
as mosquitoes, lice, and ticks); toxicants
(including pesticides, heavy metals,
carbon monoxide, airborne particulates);
excess radiation; or lack of physical
exercise (for example, resulting from a
poorly built environment).
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD
4

5. Environmental
Public Health:
History and
Progression
5
Greek mythology, the gods tasked Apollo ’ s son
Asclepius and his two daughters, Hygeia and
Panacea, to care for the population of Greek
mortals.
 Whereas Apollo was more directly associated
with healing, Hygeia championed the prevention
of disease and the use of basic sanitation
practices as the beginning of wellness (“
cleanliness is next to godliness” ) . Panacea
cured individuals who were already sick, one at
a time. Humans remained healthier when they
followed Hygiene principles, creating a healthy
environment and preventing disease. MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

6. Environmental Public
Health: Modern age
and technologies
6
• Today, we see how altering our
environment in an unsustainable way
has impacted climate change and
humankind ’s morbidity and mortality.
• For example, sprawling communities
centered on automobile travel lead to
issues such as traffic injury, air
pollution, and lack of exercise
manifesting as asthma, hypertension,
and stress - related illness.
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

7. Environmental
health programs
Environmental public health protects
human health from environmental
hazards and threats.
• No matter where in the world or which
programs are being regulated and
enforced, environmental health
programs have one thing in common:
• they are all about prevention and
creating health - supportive
environments. Keeping people healthy is
far less expensive than healing an ill
population.
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD 7

8. 8
TEN ESSENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
1. Monitor environmental and health status to identify and solve
Community environmental health problems.
2. Diagnose and investigate environmental health problems
and health hazards in the community.
3. Inform, educate, and empower people regarding
environmental health issues.
4. Mobilize community partnerships and actions to identify and
solve environmental health problems.
5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and
community environmental health efforts.
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

9. 9
6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect environmental
health and ensure safety.
7. Link people to needed environmental health services and
assure the provision of environmental health services when
otherwise unavailable.
8. Assure a competent environmental health care workforce.
9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of
personal and population - based environmental health services.
10. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to
environmental health problems and issues.
TEN ESSENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

10. ENVIRONMENTAL
EPIDEMIOLOGY
10
Environmental epidemiology is the study of the effect on human health of
physical, biologic, and chemical factors in the external environment, broadly
conceived. By examining specific populations or communities exposed to
different ambient environments, it seeks to clarify the relationship between
physical, biologic, or chemical factors and human health.
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

11. DISEASE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PUBLIC HEALTH
11MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD
Disease prevention, understood as specific, population-based and individual-
based interventions for primary and secondary (early detection) prevention,
aiming to minimize the burden of diseases and associated risk factors.

12. Preventing Infectious
Diseases of
Environmental Origin
12
 infectious disease is an illness stemming
from an organism’ s exposure to
pathogens such as viruses, bacteria,
fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites,
and aberrant proteins known as prions.
These pathogens may be able to cause
disease in animals or plants. Infectious
pathologies are usually qualified as
contagious or communicable diseases
due to the potential of transmission from
one person or species to another. MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

13. Epidemiologist
Classification of Infectious
disease
13
 sporadic (occasional
occurrence),
endemic (regular cases often
occurring in a region),
epidemic (an unusually high
number of cases in a region), or
pandemic (a global epidemic).
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

14. 14MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD
HOW INFECTIOUS DISEASE AGENTS SPREAD TO
HUMANS
DIRECT
TRANSMISSION
INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
VECTOR –BORNE
TRANSMISSION
AIRBORNE
TRANSMISSION

15. 15
How infectious disease agents spread to
humans:
DIRECT
TRANSMISSION
• Direct transmission occurs when
there is physical contact with an
infected person or animal; in other
words, when an infected host
transmits an infectious agent
directly to another.
• Typically, direct transmission
occurs through touching, kissing,
biting, or sexual contact.
INDIRECT
TRANSMISSION
• Indirect transmission occurs when
there is no direct contact with an
infected source.
• In this case, a susceptible host can
be infected via food, water, or
inanimate objects such as toys,
soiled clothes, or even a computer
keyboard.
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

16. 16
INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
VECTOR - BORNE
DISEASES
• Vector - borne diseases
include those transmitted by
flies, ticks, mosquitoes, and
lice.
• The mosquito is responsible
for the most common vector -
borne diseases, including
malaria, West Nile virus, and
dengue and yellow fevers.
AIR - BORN DISEASE
• Airborne infections spread when
bacteria or viruses travel on dust
particles or small respiratory
droplets that become aerosolized.
• when an infected person sneezes
or coughs. Healthy people can
inhale the infectious droplets, or
the droplets can land on their eyes,
nose and mouth.
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

17. 17MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

18. 18
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD
VECTOR
ENVIRO
NMENT
HOSTAGENT
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

19. 19
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Environment
(Physical,
biological and
psychosocial)
health of
individual
Human
activities
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

20. Statistical View Of Death
Rate Due To
Environmental Influences:
An estimated 12.6 million deaths each
year are attributable to unhealthy
environments.
• An estimated 12.6 million people died as a
result of living or working in an unhealthy
environment in 2012 – nearly 1 in 4 of total
global deaths, according to new estimates
from WHO.
• Environmental risk factors, such as air,
water and soil pollution, chemical
exposures climate change, and ultraviolet
radiation, contribute to more than 100
diseases and injuries.
20MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

21. 21MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

22. 22
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

23. Diseases And
Their Causes:
23MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD
ZOONOTIC DISEASES : are caused
by microorganisms of animal origin that
can be transmitted to humans.
• The World Health Organization (WHO)
recognizes over two hundred zoonotic
diseases involving all types of agents,
including bacteria, parasites, viruses, and
novel agents such as prions.
• WHO has established a Global Early Warning
System for Major Animal Diseases (GLEWS),
conceived with the aim of predicting and
responding to animal diseases, including
zoonoses, worldwide.

24. 24
Some Of The Top Priority Zoonotic
Diseases Include The Following:
 Anthrax
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
Brucellosis ( Brucella melitensis )
Crimean - Congo hemorrhagic fever
Ebola virus
Foodborne diseases
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
Japanese encephalitis
New World screwworm
Old World screwworm
Q fever
Rabies
Sheep pox/goat pox
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

25. 25MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD
Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain(nervous system) in
humans and other mammals. Normally cause by bite of an infected animals.
 Symptoms: include fever and tingling at the site of exposure.
 Prognosis: Nearly always death
 Causes: Rabies virus and Australian bat lyssa...
 Prevention: Rabies vaccine, animal control
RABIES:

26. 26MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

27. Chronic
Diseases
27
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD
Chronic diseases are those of slow
progression or long duration. They rarely
resolve spontaneously.
• According to WHO, chronic diseases
account for seven of every ten deaths and
affect the quality of life of 90 million
Americans.
• Although these diseases are among the
most common and costly health problems,
most are preventable, primarily through
behavior modification

28. senior scholar at the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has estimated that the largest
contributor to early deaths, accounting for 40%, is behavior. In addition, 30% of early
deaths are attributable to genetics, 20% stem from the social and physical
environments, and 10% are the result of substandard medical care.
28MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

29. MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD
29
There are many chronic diseases that have environmental contributors. The three of
the most common are
 Obesity
 Cancer
 asthma

30. 30
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the
extent that it may have an adverse effect on health.
It is defined by body mass index (BMI) and further evaluated in terms of fat
distribution via the waist–hip ratio and total cardiovascular risk factors.
 Causes: Excessive food, lack of exercise, genetics
 Symptoms: Increased fat
 Prevention: Societal changes, personal choices
 Treatment: Diet, exercise, medications, surgery
OBESITY:
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

31. 31MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

32. 32
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the
potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast
with benign tumors, which do not spread.
 Causes: Genetics, physical factor, Hormonal problem, infection,
diet…
 Symptoms: Lump, abnormal bleeding, prolong...
 Treatment: Radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy.
CANCER:
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

33. 33MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

34. 34MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD
ASTHMA:
Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It
is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction,
and easily triggered bronchospasms. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing,
coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
Treatment: Avoiding triggers, inhaled corticost...
Symptoms: Recurring episodes of wheezing, coughing..
Causes: Genetics and environmental factors

35. 35MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

36. 36
Maintaining the healthy and clean environment is not the only
responsibility of the Government but also the individuals are required to
take necessary and effective measures in order to safeguard the
environment from being destroyed. It is imperative that government and
people collectively take steps and face the challenges simultaneously. A
healthy environment will increase the quality of lifestyle and the birth to
death ratio will drastically change. Moreover, premature death cases
due to unhealthy environment will also be reduced. Eco friendly items
must be used as they are least at producing harmful pollutants which
degrade the quality of environment. Thus taking such safety measures
would prominently save the environment from getting devastated.
CONCLUSION:
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

37. 37MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD

38. THANK YOU!
PREPARED BY: MEHR ANGAIZ
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
#MMTD
Email
mehrangaizaku1@gmail.co
m
MEHR ANGAIZ #MMTD