This document discusses prejudice, discrimination, and ways to reduce prejudice. It defines prejudice as a negative attitude towards a social group. Types of prejudice mentioned include racism, sexism, classism, homophobia, and religious prejudice. Discrimination is defined as actions against someone due to characteristics like race, age, gender, religion, or sexual orientation. The document also discusses different types of discrimination and provides examples. Finally, it discusses ways that psychologists have found to potentially reduce prejudice, such as changing group boundaries and social influence.

1. Prejudice and
Discrimination
AIMI NAJAT BINTI ZAINAL ARIFFIN
NOR SYAKINAH BINTI RASIMAN
SITI NURULMARDZIAH BINTI MOHD
ASRI

2. PREJUDICE
• Prejudice is an unjustified or incorrect
attitude (usually negative) towards an
individual based solely on the individual’s
membership of a social group.
• For example, a person may hold
prejudiced views towards a certain race or
gender etc.

3. Types of Prejudice
• Racism
• Sexism
• Classicism
• Homophobia
• Religious prejudice

4. Racism
• is the attitude that people of a certain race
are inferior. People with this attitude tend
to treat people from this supposed inferior
race badly. It may even lead to murder.

5. Sexism
• If a person is ddiissccrriimmiinnaatteedd aaggaaiinnsstt bbeeccaauussee ooff
tthheeiirr ggeennddeerr ((tthhaatt iiss,, wwhheetthheerr tthheeyy aarree mmaallee oorr
ffeemmaallee)),, tthhiiss iiss ccaalllleedd sseexxiissmm.. IItt hhaass bbeeeenn
ccoommmmoonn iinn tthhee ppaasstt ffoorr wwoommeenn ttoo bbee
ddiissccrriimmiinnaatteedd aaggaaiinnsstt bbyy mmeenn wwhhoo hhaavvee tthhee
ppoowweerr ttoo ddoo tthhiiss..
• TThhiiss hhaass lleedd ttoo wwoommeenn bbeeiinngg lleefftt ttoo llooookk aafftteerr tthhee
hhoommee wwhhiillee tthheeiirr hhuussbbaannddss hhaavvee ddoonnee ‘‘mmoorree
iimmppoorrttaanntt tthhiinnggss’’.. AAss aa rreessuulltt,, mmaannyy wwoommeenn hhaavvee
bbeeeenn ddeenniieedd tthhee cchhaannccee ttoo ddeevveelloopp aanndd uussee
tthheeiirr ttaalleennttss ffoorr tthhee ggoooodd ooff aallll..

6. Classicism
• a biased on distinctions made between
social or economic classes .

7. Homophobia:
• This is when a person feels they are
discriminated against because they are
homosexual (gay).

8. Religious prejudice
• Although all religions teach about love,
sometimes their attitudes towards other
religions are prejudice. This comes from
an opinion that their religion is superior.
Religious prejudice, however, can also
happen when a person with no religious
beliefs is prejudiced against one or all
religions.

9. Why are people prejudiced ?
• They may have had a band experience at the
hands of someone from the group that they are
prejudiced against.
• A victim of prejudice themselves.
• Learned attitudes from the home.
• Lack of education.
• A group may be used as ‘scapegoats’. This
means that they are blamed for a particular
problem and are mistreated as a result

10. Way to REDUCE Prejudice
• Social psychologist believe that
stereotyping and prejudice are not
inevitable. Yet under the right
conditions, prejudice toward particular
groups can be reduced.
• Therefore, we now turn to some of the
techniques that they have developed in
their attempts to reduce prejudice

11. ON LEARNING NOT TO
HATE
• Children acquire prejudiced attitudes
from their parents.
- Strongly identify with their parents
• * Participating in institutions
• * Having peers that justify
discrimination
• - Help to maintained prejudice attitude.

12. RECATEGORIZATION:
CHANGING THE BOUNDARIES
• Shifts in the boundaries between our
ingroup ((‘‘””uuss””)) and some outgroup
((““tthheemm””)).. As a result, people formerly
viewed as outgroup members may now be
viewed as belonging to the ingroup and
consequently are viewed more positively.

13. SOCIAL INFLUENCE
AS A MEANS OF REDUCING
PREJUDICE
• Social influence plays an important role
in both the maintenance and
• reduction of prejudice.
• If people can be induced to believe that
their prejudiced views are ““oouutt ooff lliinnee””
with those of most other people –
especially those they respect- they may
well change those views toward a less
prejudiced

14. Discrimination
• The definition of discrimination is the act of
prejudice against a person because they
have a certain set of characteristics.
Discriminated characteristics can include
disability, age, gender reassignment,
religion, race, sex and sexual orientation.
• Discrimination can take many forms but in
many countries around the world there are
laws prohibiting any form of discrimination.

15. Type of discrimination
• Racial and ethnic discrimination
• Discrimination on the basis of
nationality
• Sexual orientation discrimination
• Religious discrimination
• Disability discrimination
• Employment discrimination

16. Racial and ethnic discrimination
• in South Africa. Apartheid (literally
"separateness") was a system of racial
segregation that was enforced in South
Africa from 1948 to 1994. Non-white
people where prevented from voting and
lived in separate communities.

17. Discrimination on the basis of
nationality
• National origin discrimination involves
treating people (applicants or employees)
unfavorably because they are from a
particular country or part of the world,
because of ethnicity or accent, or because
they appear to be of a certain ethnic
background (even if they are not).

18. Sexual orientation discrimination
• Sex discrimination also can involve
treating someone less favorably because
of his or her connection with an
organization or group that is generally
associated with people of a certain sex.

19. Religious discrimination
• valuing or treating a person or group
differently because of what they do or do
not believe or because of their feelings
towards a given religion

20. Disability discrimination
• DDiissccrriimmiinnaattiioonn aaggaaiinnsstt ppeeooppllee wwiitthh
ddiissaabbiilliittiieess iinn ffaavvoorr ooff ppeeooppllee wwhhoo aarree nnoott
iiss ccaalllleedd aabblleeiissmm oorr ddiissaabblliissmm DDiissaabbiilliittyy
ddiissccrriimmiinnaattiioonn,, wwhhiicchh ttrreeaattss nnoonn--ddiissaabblleedd
iinnddiivviidduuaallss aass tthhee ssttaannddaarrdd ooff ‘‘nnoorrmmaall
lliivviinngg’’,, rreessuullttss iinn ppuubblliicc aanndd pprriivvaattee ppllaacceess
aanndd sseerrvviicceess,, eedduuccaattiioonn,, aanndd ssoocciiaall wwoorrkk
tthhaatt aarree bbuuiilltt ttoo sseerrvvee ''ssttaannddaarrdd'' ppeeooppllee,,
tthheerreebbyy eexxcclluuddiinngg tthhoossee wwiitthh vvaarriioouuss
ddiissaabbiilliittiieess

21. Employment discrimination
• Employment discrimination occurs when
an individual is adversely discriminated
against due to any number of factors,
including race, skin color, national origin,
gender, disability, religion, or age. Here's
information on the various types of
employment discrimination that happens
in hiring and the workplace.

22. THANK YOU