This document discusses the Indonesian prefix "me-". It can be added to verbs, nouns, adjectives, numbers, places, and expletives to form new words or change the meaning. When added to verbs, it makes them active. For nouns, it can mean putting the noun on something, becoming the noun, or producing the noun. For adjectives, it indicates changing or turning into the adjective. For numbers, only "satu" and "dua" are used, to mean unite and split in two. Places prefixed with "me-" indicate going to that place, and expletives mean producing that sound. A consonant mutation table is provided to show spelling changes when prefix

1. PREFIX ME-
Presented by:
Itsna Husnia Sari :)

2. WE ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT PREFIX ME-

3. MATERIALS..
1 Awalan me- (Prefix me-)
2 Me- + Kata Kerja (Me- + Verb)
 A. Me- + Kata Kerja Transitif (Me- + Transitive
Verbs)
 B. Me- + Kata Kerja Intransitif (Me- + Intransitive
Verbs)
3 Me- + Kata Benda (Me- + Noun)
4 Me- + Kata Sifat (Me- + Adjective)
5 Me- + Kata Bilangan (Me- + Numbers)
6 Me- + Kata Tempat (Me- + Places)
7 Me- + Kata Seru (Me- + Expletive)

4. 
 Prefix me- is used to form active verbs. You may
combine any nouns, any adjective, numbers, and
even verbs themselves to form another verb.
 Prefixing any words with me- would require a
minor spelling change (inflection) in order to
facilitate a smooth transition in pronunciation. The
inflection is based solely on the first letter of the
original word.

5. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF CONSONANT
MUTATION, SEE THE TABLE..

6. NOTE:
 Since original Indonesian words have no q, x,
and z, the inflection is adapted from the existing
ones. The q and x words would
follow g rules, z words would follow j words.
 Other initial letters (l, m, n, r, w, and y) don't
have spelling changes.
 If the word is monosyllabic (only has one
syllable), regardless of the first letter of the
word, the me- always turns into menge-, then
add the word. For example: cat (= paint)
→mengecat (= to paint), bor (= boring tool / drill)
→ mengebor (= to make a hole with drill).

7. ME- + KATA KERJA (ME- + VERB)
Verbs can be combined with me- prefix. The
meaning is exactly the same as the infinitive. The
semantics may be different depending on the type
of verbs. To refresh our mind, there are two kinds
of verbs in Indonesian:
Transitive verbs (verbs that can have objects)
Intransitive verbs (verbs that cannot have objects,
[almost] equivalent to reflexive verbs)

8. ME- + KATA KERJA TRANSITIF (ME- + TRANSITIVE VERBS)
Transitive verbs can not be used in a sentence in
their infinitive forms, except for a few words
(e.g. makan (= to eat), minum (= to drink)). So, in
order to use it, you must conjugate it with me- or
some other prefixes.
Example:
Saya memakan roti (= I eat [a slice of] bread)
Dia menulis buku (= He/she writes [a] book(s))

9. ME- + KATA KERJA INTRANSITIF (ME- + INTRANSITIVE VERBS)
Unlike transitive verbs, only a few of intransitive
verbs can be conjugated with me-.
Example:
Dia menangis (= He/she cries)
Most intransitive verbs must be used in their
infinitive forms (e.g. tidur (= to sleep)) or use
other affixes.
Note that, the sense of transitivity is not the
same with other languages like Spanish. Here
the word tari (= to dance) is considered
intransitive. Wati menari (= Wati dances)

10. ME- + KATA BENDA (ME- + NOUN)
When me- prefix is combined with a noun, the new word could mean one of the
following:
 To put the noun on some other noun
cat (= paint) → mengecat (= to paint)
e.g. Bapak mengecat tembok (= Father paint the wall).
 To indicate that the subject turns into the noun (most of the times, figuratively)
 batu (= stone) → membatu (= to turn to stone)
e.g. Dia membatu (= He/she turns to stone [figuratively, to indicate that he/she doesn't
move for hours])
 kuping (= ear) → menguping (= to turn to ear [i.e. to eavesdrop])
 To produce the noun
sambal (= chili) → menyambal (= to make chili)
Comment: Indonesian rarely use this notion, but Malay do. Indonesian people
usually prefer the phrase "membuat sambal" instead.
 To do work with the noun
bajak (= plow) → membajak (= to plow)
Note: Membajak can also mean to hijack.
Note:
The trickiest part of me- is when it is being combined with noun.
Not all nouns can be combined with me- and the meaning is
highly dependant on the culture.

11. ME- + KATA SIFAT (ME- + ADJECTIVE)
When combined with adjective, the me- prefix
indicates the subject changes more into or to turn
to the indicated adjective. For example:
 Besar (= big) → membesar (= to become bigger)
 Kecil (= small) → mengecil (= to become smaller)
 Panas (= hot) → memanas (= to become hotter)
 Panjang (= long) → memanjang (= to become
longer)
 Putih (= white) → memutih (= to turn white)
 Kuning (= yellow) → menguning (= to turn
yellow)
Note: Adjective that describes emotions cannot be
combined with me-.

12. ME- + KATA BILANGAN (ME- + NUMBERS)
The only numbers that can be conjugated
with me- are satu (= one) and dua (= two).
 Satu → menyatu (= to unite)
 Dua → mendua (= to split into two)
Perhatiannya mendua (= His attention is split
into two [i.e. not focused])
Hatinya mendua (= His heart is split into two
[not loyal])

13. ME- + KATA TEMPAT (ME- + PLACES)
When combined with places, me- would
indicate that the subject is going to the said
place.
 Udara (= air) → mengudara (= to go to the air
[for radio/tv program or airplane])
 Laut (= sea) → melaut (= to go to the sea [for
ships/sailors])
 Darat (= ground/land) → mendarat (= to land
[for ships/airplane])
 Seberang (= across) → menyeberang (= to
cross [the street, sea, river])

14. ME- + KATA SERU (ME- + EXPLETIVE)
Note that the expletives doesn't mean swear
words here, but rather the words that mimic
sounds. For example: "Moo", "Baa", "Quack", etc.
When expletives are combined with me-, it
indicates that the subject produces the indicated
sound.
 Aum (= tiger roar) → mengaum (= to roar like
tigers)
 Lenguh (= moo) → melenguh (= to moo like cows)

15. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION .. ^^