Prefabrication
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This document discusses a case study of the Pragati Towers residential building in Mumbai, India that utilized prefabricated construction. The building used precast concrete panels for the walls from the 1st to 23rd floors that were constructed in a factory and transported to the construction site. Analysis of the building found that modeling the vertical joints between precast panels as either integrated joints that allow shear transfer, or discrete gaps that do not allow shear transfer, produced different structural behavior results. Prefabricated construction provided benefits such as quality control, reduced construction time, and environmental efficiencies.
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DEFINED AS A METHOD OF RESOLVING DISPUTES
BETWEEN TWO PARTIES BY A THIRD PARTY
NEED FOR ARBITRATION
DISPUTES ARISING BETWEEN
OWNER & ARCHITECT
QUALITY OF SERVICE, LACK OF SUPERVISION, PAYMENT OF FEES ETC
OWNER & CONTRACTOR
PAYMENTS,EXTENSION OF TIME, RECTIFICATION OF DEFECTS
ADVANTAGES OF ARBITRATION
RESOLVING DISPUTES IN COURTS IS EXPENSIVE,
TIME CONSUMING AND STAINS RELATIONSHIP
ARBTRATION IS QUICKER LESS EXPENSIVE
AND RELATIONS REMAIN CORDIAL
Role of Project Architect in Arbitration
Project architect has a dual role
As per clause 55 of IIA, he acts as a “Quasi-Arbitrator” to give his decision on “excepted matters” between the client and the contractor where his decision is final and binding.
He is required to supply whatever information( copies of correspondence, drawings, site supervision memos etc.) the Arbitrators require in connection with any reference
The Arbitration & Conciliation Act 1996
Arbitration Act 1940 has become outdated.
General Assembly of the UNO recommends that UNCITRAL adopted in 1985 be the basis of new law to bring about uniformity of law of arbitral procedures and the specific needs of the international commercial arbitration practice
Though UNCITRAL deals with international disputes, with certain modification they could serve domestic arbitration and conciliation.
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Lessons for Architects from Arbitration cases
One of the main reasons why disputes arise between owners and contractor as far as construction projects are concerned is that quite a few architects do not perform their roles as Project Architect and Quasi-Arbitrators early on in the project.
Some of the steps that he can do to prevent such disputes are
Production drawings.- Complete and freeze design and drawings prior to tender.
Notification formalities- Issue all notifications on time
Certification of bill- Approve/certify all bills on time and ensure payments
Time as “Essence of Contract”.- Avoid Holds that can lead to extension of time.
Final Accord and satisfaction-Ensure full and final payment is done.
Minutes of site meetings- Weekly meeting and minutes recorded and approved by all
Consultant fees: Payment for sub consultants is one on time
Predesign Investigation: Owner required to furnish information about site
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The document discusses common defects found in buildings such as cracks and dampness. It categorizes defects into pre-construction, during construction, and post-construction. Cracks can be structural or non-structural, and are caused by factors like drying shrinkage, thermal movement, elastic deformation, creep, chemical reactions, and foundation issues. Dampness is usually due to penetrating damp from gaps or rising damp without a proper damp proof course. Preventive measures include proper design, materials, construction practices, and addressing the root causes of defects.
FALSE CEILING
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Modular coordination
Modular coordination is a concept where buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned based on basic modular units. This allows for dimensional compatibility and simplifies construction. The basic module is 100mm denoted as 1M. Multiples and fractions of the basic module can also be used. A modular reference system establishes grids to coordinate the placement and sizing of building elements and components. Structural elements like walls, floors and columns are dimensioned to fit within the modular grids, as are non-structural components and finishes. This standardization aims to reduce waste and improve construction efficiency.
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Danish Pathan
Imran Inamdar
Qais Patel
Simran Patel
Tehlil Tamboli
Afshan Saudagar
Ubed Ali Sayyed
Omkar Salkar
Taher Ajmerwala
Danish Sheikh
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Prefabrication
- 2. PREFABTICATION • Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site and transporting complete assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located 2
- 3. PRECAST SYSTEM Bearing wall system Moment resisting frame system Dual system 3
- 4. CASESTUDY – PRAGATI TOWERS Location: Bhoiwada, Mumbai Architectural Type: Residential Building Developer: Larsen and Toubro Ltd., (L&T) Construction Start: Jan 2013 Construction End: 2016 Floor Count: G+23 Plan Dimension: 45.8m x 19.69m Height: 70m Foundation : Pile Foundation System Type: Ground And Terrace Floor: Conventional Type 1 To 23 Floor : Precast Large Panel Wall Type 4
- 5. PLAN VIEW 5
- 8. CONNECTION 8
- 9. HORIZONTAL JOINT • A horizontal connection between panels transfers vertical stresses due to gravity loads and any out-of-plane bending due to eccentricity of the loads. • The horizontal joint between panels at a floor level is made by projecting dowel bars. • Tie reinforcement overlapped with U-bars and L-bars are provided in the slabs for slab-to-wall connection. 9
- 10. VERTICAL JOINT • The vertical joints are designed to transfer shear forces under lateral loads • The exterior wall panels along the shorter direction of the building, which constitute the primary shear walls to resist the lateral forces, are provided with six shear keys per storey height • In interior wall joints, reduced number of reinforcement loops are provided per storey height since the shear demand is less. 10
- 11. COMPARITIVE STUDY OF VERTICAL JOINT • The vertical joints between the panels were modelled as two extreme conditions as: Integrated model – shear transfer was assumed Discrete gap model – no shear transfer 11
- 12. INTEGRATED MODEL DISCRETE GAP MODEL 12
- 15. PREVENTION OF PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE 1. Internal ties 2. Peripheral ties 3. Vertical wall ties 4. Floor to wall ties 15
- 16. INTERIORS 16
- 18. Thank You..!