Guest lecture given at SciencesPO (Paris School of International Affairs) to a Masters course on Trends in Comparative Education Policy (26 April 2017)
This paper examines the evolution of the case law of Special Education in Greece from 1981 to 2018 and the challenge of integrating people with special needs into the school context. Firstly, the definitions of the concepts of disability and special education are defined. In Part 1 are presented the legal framework for the operation of integration training with the guidelines of L.4547/2018 and the UN Convention on Disabled Persons, at the end of the law and the contract respectively criticized. In conclusion, in Part 2 are discussed the theories about special treatment through comparisons and criticisms.
#MeaningofInclusiveEducation
#CreatinganInclusiveSchool
This PPT covers historical background of Inclusive Education, Meaning of Inclusive Education, Need of Inclusive Education in bilingual method. This PPT is quite useful for all persons who are engaged in the field of Special Education/ Inclusive education.
Guest lecture given at SciencesPO (Paris School of International Affairs) to a Masters course on Trends in Comparative Education Policy (26 April 2017)
This paper examines the evolution of the case law of Special Education in Greece from 1981 to 2018 and the challenge of integrating people with special needs into the school context. Firstly, the definitions of the concepts of disability and special education are defined. In Part 1 are presented the legal framework for the operation of integration training with the guidelines of L.4547/2018 and the UN Convention on Disabled Persons, at the end of the law and the contract respectively criticized. In conclusion, in Part 2 are discussed the theories about special treatment through comparisons and criticisms.
#MeaningofInclusiveEducation
#CreatinganInclusiveSchool
This PPT covers historical background of Inclusive Education, Meaning of Inclusive Education, Need of Inclusive Education in bilingual method. This PPT is quite useful for all persons who are engaged in the field of Special Education/ Inclusive education.
ICT Integration in Higher Education in Africa - Challenges and OpportunitiesGreig Krull
Saide presentation at the ICT in Higher Education Conference, 14 - 17 September 2012, Kempton Park, Johannesburg. Theme: "An African Perspective". Presentation on the challenges and opportunities for ICT integration in Higher Education. It includes case studies on PHEA ETI and OER Africa.
This presentation addresses student technology ownership patterns and preferences, hybrid learning models, as well as innovations/developments in microlearning, collaborative learning, and microcredentialing.
ICT Integration in Higher Education in Africa - Challenges and OpportunitiesGreig Krull
Saide presentation at the ICT in Higher Education Conference, 14 - 17 September 2012, Kempton Park, Johannesburg. Theme: "An African Perspective". Presentation on the challenges and opportunities for ICT integration in Higher Education. It includes case studies on PHEA ETI and OER Africa.
This presentation addresses student technology ownership patterns and preferences, hybrid learning models, as well as innovations/developments in microlearning, collaborative learning, and microcredentialing.
Aims and Objectives of National Policy on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in School Education in India and National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT),
SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT RALPH TYLER AND HILDA TABASANA FATIMA
SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT RALPH TYLER AND HILDA TABA:(In detail)
Two famous scientific models of curriculum development are given by Ralph Tyler known as The Tyler model and Hilda Taba known as The Taba model.
THE TYLER MODEL: FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES:
• Tyler’s model is one of the best known, technical scientific models.
• The Tyler model is often referred to as the “objective model” because of its objective approach to educational evaluation. It emphasizes consistency among objectives, learning experiences, and outcomes.
• In l949 Tyler published Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction , in which he outlined a rationale for examining the problems of curriculum and instruction.
• He mentioned that those involved in curriculum inquiry must try to define the
1) PURPOSES OF THE SCHOOL:
(2) EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES RELATED TO THE PURPOSES
(3) ORGANIZATION OF THE EXPERIENCES
(4) EVALUATION OF THE PURPOSES
THE TABA MODEL: GRASS- ROOTS RATIONALE:
Taba noted seven major steps to her grass roots model in which teachers would have major input:
1) DIAGNOSIS OF NEEDS
2) FORMULATION OF OBJECTIVES:
3) SELECTION OF CONTENT
4) ORGANIZATION OF CONTENT:
5) SELECTION OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES:
6) ORGANIZATION OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES:
7) EVALUATION AND MEANS OF EVALUATION:
APPLICATION OF THE MODEL:
NON-SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT SANA FATIMA
NON-SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT:
GLATTHORN’S MODEL
NON-SCIENTIFIC MODELS:
1. Are Flexible and less structured without predetermined objectives to guide the teaching-learning process. It considers that the curriculum evolves rather than being planned precisely.
2. Based on the progressive philosophy where the needs and interests of individual learners and the needs of the society are the main concerns
3. Give recognition to the importance of music, arts, literature, health education & humanities.
4. The approaches in this category are humanistic and reconceptualist as this category prefers child centered and problem centered designs
• One of the most Recognized Nontechnical/Nonscientific Models is Allan Glatthorn’s model: Naturalistic Model
Glatthorn Model contains the following eight steps:
1. Assess the alternatives:
2. Stake out the territory:
3. Develop a constituency:
4, Build the knowledge base:
5. Block, in the Unit:
6. Plan quality learning experiences:
7. Develop the course examination:
8. Developing the learning scenarios:
KEY DEBATES ON INCLUSIVE EDUCATION INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:SANA FATIMA
KEY DEBATES ON INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:
Inclusive education – also called inclusion – is education that includes everyone, with non-disabled and Disabled people (including those with “special educational needs”) learning together in mainstream schools, colleges, and universities
KEY DEBATES ON INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
1. Should teaching methods be adapted to students’ needs?
2. Does inclusive education necessarily imply greater participation by families and community networks in the educative process?
3. Are resources the key to the development of inclusive education policies?
4. What role should the state and public education authorities play in the movement for inclusive education?
5. Inadequate Funding:
6. Barriers to Inclusive Education
7. Overcoming barriers
8. “Inclusion may not be beneficial for all students”
TEACHER SUPPORT CURRICULUM- DESIGNING TEACHER GUIDES, SUBJECT RESOURCE MODULESSANA FATIMA
TEACHER SUPPORT CURRICULUM- DESIGNING TEACHER GUIDES, SUBJECT RESOURCE MODULES
TEACHER GUIDES:
Teacher Guides support teachers in five key areas:
Planning:
Teaching approaches:
Assessment:
Learning environment:
SUBJECT RESOURCE MODULES:
MODULES ARE USED TO:
THREE KEY THINGS THAT ARE IMPORTANT WHILE DESIGNING A MODULE FOR ANY SUBJECT:
1. Be clear about the module purposes and aspirations for student participants and communicate these to students:
2. Make sure your module is constructively aligned (the learner actively constructs their own understanding and all teaching and assessment are aligned with outcomes the intended).
3. Considering the course in context (department, institution, sector):
SIGMUND FREUD- PSYCHOANALYSIS THEORY NOTES
INTRODUCTION:
Sigmund Freud (1856 to 1939) was the founding father of Psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior.
Freud believed that events in our childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality. For example, anxiety originating from traumatic experiences in a person's past is hidden from consciousness, and may cause problems during adulthood.
Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining "insight".
The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e. make the unconscious conscious.
Psychoanalysis is commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders.
It is only by having a cathartic (i.e. healing) experience can the person be helped and "cured"
STRUCTURE OF THE PSYCHE OR MIND:
CONCEPT OF CONSCIOUS, SUBCONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND:
CONCEPT OF ID, EGO AND SUPER EGO:
EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF FREUD’S THEORY:
CONCLUSION:
ANDRAGOGY (MALCOLM KNOWLES)- FOUR PRINCIPLESSANA FATIMA
ANDRAGOGY (MALCOLM KNOWLES)
Knowles’ theory of andragogy is an attempt to develop a theory specifically for adult learning. Knowles emphasizes that adults are self-directed and expect to take responsibility for decisions. Adult learning programs must accommodate this fundamental aspect.
Andragogy makes the following assumptions about the design of learning: (1) Adults need to know why they need to learn something (2) Adults need to learn experientially, (3) Adults approach learning as problem-solving, and (4) Adults learn best when the topic is of immediate value.
Malcolm Knowles’ four Principles of Andragogy:
Principle 1: Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction.
Principle 2: Instruction should be task-orientated instead of memorization – learning activities should be in the context of common tasks performed
Principle 3: Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance and impact on their job or personal life
Principle 4: Adult learning is problem-centered rather than content-orientated.
PLANNING CLASSROOM TESTS AND ASSESSMENTSSANA FATIMA
Classroom tests and assessments play a central role in the evaluation of student learning like
Motivating the students
Measuring achievement
Assessing students prior knowledge
Identifying areas for review
Check instructional effectiveness
Maintain learning atmosphere
The main objective of classroom tests and assessments is to obtain valid, reliable, and useful information concerning student achievement.
PLANNING CLASSROOM TESTS AND ASSESSMENTS:
Grounlund and Linn (1990) have suggested the following 8 basic steps in classroom testing:
1. Determining the purpose of classroom tests and assessment.
2. Developing specifications for tests and assessment.
3. Selecting appropriate types of items and assessment tasks.
4. Preparing relevant test items
5. Assembling the test
6. Administering the test
7. Appraising the test
8. Using the results.
ASSESSMENT: The term assessment refers to the wide variety of methods or tools that educators use to evaluate, measure, and document the academic readiness, learning progress, skill acquisition, or educational needs of students.
TYPES OF ASSESSMENT:
There are four types of assessments
1) Prognostic assessment
2) Diagnostic assessment
3) Formative assessment
4) Summative assessment
RESEARCH DATA COLLECTION TOOL-CHECKLISTSSANA FATIMA
RESEARCH DATA COLLECTION TOOL-CHECKLISTS
A checklist is similar in appearance and uses the rating scale. The basic difference between them is in the type of judgment needed. On a rating scale, one can indicate the degree to which a characteristic is present or the frequency with which behavior occurs. The checklist, on the other hand, calls for a simple yes-no judgment. It is basically a method of recording whether a characteristic is present or absent or whether an action was or was not taken. Obviously, a checklist should not be used when the degree or frequency of occurrence is an important aspect of the appraisal.
Intelligence Testing-Intelligence- Definition, Aspects,Ckassification of Inte...SANA FATIMA
INTELLIGENCE TESTING:
INTELLIGENCE
CLASSIFICATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE TESTS:
CULTURE FAIR OR CROSS-CULTURAL TEST OF INTELLIGENCE:
EXAMPLES OF CULTURE FAIR TESTS ARE:
a) The Goodenough Draw-a-Man Test
b) Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test
c) David- Eells Tests of General Intelligence
1. Best way:
2. Probabilities
3. Picture Analogy
4. Money
REFERENCES:
Relationship between Education and Philosophy.SANA FATIMA
”Education without philosophy is blind, philosophy without education is lame” comment.
EDUCATION:
PHILOSOPHY:
Metaphysics:
Epistemology:
Ethics:
Logic:
Relationship between philosophy and education:
a] Determining the aims of education:
b] Harmonizing old and new traditions in the field of education
c] Providing the educational planners, administrators, and educators with the progressive vision to achieve educational development:-
d] Preparing the young generation to face the challenges of the modern time:-
REFERENCES:
Equality and Equity-Definition and Difference between Equality and Equity.SANA FATIMA
SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION-TOPIC-EQUALITY AND EQUITY
Concept of Equality:
Constitutional Provisions for Equality:
Indian Constitution and the Role of Government at various Levels
Equalization of Educational Opportunities among SC, ST, Girls, and Differently Abled:
Objectives of Equalization of Educational Opportunities for the SC/ST Students
Equalization of Educational Opportunities among Girls:
Equalization of Educational Opportunities among Differently Abled
Recommendations of the NPE 1986 on Equal Opportunity of Disabled Children:
Equity: Measures taken by Central and State Government in the Equalization of Opportunities:
Measures to Equalize Educational Opportunity:
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1. PAPER-23(B)
ICT IN EDUCATION AT SECONDARY LEVEL
UNIT-3-NATIONAL POLICY ON ICT IN SCHOOL
EDUCATION
3.1-PREAMBLE,VISION,MISSION AND POLICY GOALS
BY
SANA FATIMA
M.ED(SEM-IV)2018-20
GHULAM AHMED COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, BANJARA
HILLS,HYDERABAD.
OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
2. PREAMBLE,VISION,MISSION AND POLICY GOALS
PREAMBLE:
The National Policy on Education 1986, as modified in 1992, stressed the need to employ educational
technology to improve the quality of education. The policy statement led to two major centrally sponsored
schemes, namely, Educational Technology (ET) and Computer Literacy and Studies in Schools (CLASS)
paving the way for a more comprehensive centrally sponsored scheme – Information and Communication
Technology at Schools in 2004.
Educational technology also found a significant place in another scheme on up gradation of science education.
The significant role ICT can be playing in school education has also been highlighted in the National
Curriculum Framework 2005 (NCF) 2005.
The initiative of ICT Policy in School Education is inspired by the tremendous potential of ICT for enhancing
outreach and improving quality of education. This policy endeavors to provide guidelines to assist the States in
optimizing the use of ICT in school education within a national policy framework.
VISION, MISSION AND POLICY GOALS:
VISION:
The ICT Policy in School Education aims at preparing youth to participate creatively in the
establishment, sustenance and growth of a knowledge society leading to all round socioeconomic
development of the nation and global competitiveness.
MISSION:
To devise, catalyze, support and sustain ICT and ICT enabled activities and processes in order to
improve access, quality and efficiency in the school system.
POLICY GOALS:
To achieve the above, the ICT Policy in School Education will endeavor to:
Create
An environment to develop a community knowledgeable about ICT.
ICT literate communities which can deploy, utilize, benefit from ICT and contribute to nation building.
An environment of collaboration, cooperation and sharing, conducive to the creation of a demand for
optimal utilization of and optimum returns on the potentials of ICT in education.
Promote
Universal, equitable, open and free access to a state of the art ICT and ICT enabled tools and resources
to all students and teachers.
Development of local and localized quality content and to enable students and teachers to partner in the
development and critical use of shared digital resources.
3. Development of professional networks of teachers, resource persons and schools to catalyze and support
resource sharing, up gradation, and continuing education of teachers; guidance, counseling and
academic support to students; and resource sharing, management and networking of school managers
and administrators, resulting in improved efficiencies in the schooling process.
Research, evaluation and experimentation in ICT tools and ICT enabled practices in order to inform,
guide and utilize the potentials of ICT in school education.
A critical understanding of ICT, its benefits, dangers and limitations.
Motivate and enable
Wider participation of all sections of society in strengthening the school education process through
appropriate utilization of ICT.
ICT:
Information and Communication Technologies are defined as all devices, tools, content, resources, forums, and
services, digital and those that can be converted into or delivered through digital forms, which can be deployed
for realizing the goals of teaching learning, enhancing access to and reach of resources, building of capacities,
as well as management of the educational system.
These will not only include hardware devices connected to computers, and software applications, but also
interactive digital content, internet and other satellite communication devices, radio and television services, web
based content repositories, interactive forums, learning management systems, and management information
systems.
These will also include processes for digitization, deployment and management of content, development and
deployment of platforms and processes for capacity development, and creation of forums for interaction and
exchange.
REFERENCES:
https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/13733
https://learningportal.iiep.unesco.org/en/issue-briefs/improve-learning/curriculum-and-materials/information-
and-communication-technology-ict
https://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/revised_policy%20document%20ofICT.pdf