The document outlines the prerequisites for developing writing skills, emphasizing both skill and will factors, and detailing components such as sensory-neuromotor requirements, cognitive skills, and knowledge of the language. It also discusses the phases of literacy development, including emergent writing skills and the importance of pre-writing abilities. Additionally, it highlights the challenges faced by children with hearing impairments in acquiring literacy skills, alongside exercises and assessments to support their writing development.

1. DEAFNESS AND WRITING
Course C 13 module 3.1
(Pre-requisites of Developing Writing Skills and Emergent
Writing skills )
B Ed Special Education – Hearing
Impairment
University of Mumbai
Asmita Huddar
CCYM’S HASHU ADVANI COLLEGE OF
SPECIAL EDUCATION
https://www.hashuadvanismarak.org/hacse/

2. What are the pre requisites of driving
a car…Make a list

3. List
CAR
ROAD
UNDERSTANDING OF TRAFIC AND SIGNALS
PETROL / FUEL
MENTAL AND PHYSICAL STATUS
TRAINING AND SKILLS
LICENCE
REASON / PURPOSE / MOTIVATION

4. Pre-requisites of Development of
writing:
The skill factors and the will factors
Dev/functioning
of writing
Language
factors
World factors
Cognitive
factors
Neoro-
developmental
factors

5. PRE REQUISITES OF WRITING
1. Sensory-neuromotor requirements
• Vision
• fine/gross motor movements
• control over neuromuscular movement
• eye-hand coordination

6. PRE REQUISITES OF WRITING
2. knowledge of script
3. Training and exposure to paper pencil skills:
grip /pressure / roles of active passive hands etc

7. GriP
1…………………2 …………………3

8. Role of active and passive hand

9. PRE REQUISITES OF WRITING
4. Basic cognitive and information processing skills:
•observation,
•memory,
•reasoning (classification / cause- effect relationship / similarities –
differences / Sequencing etc)
LEVELS
Lower order
Middle order
Higher order

10. PRE REQUISITES OF WRITING
5. Knowledge of the language (Form / content / Use)
6. World knowledge / context / reference
7. Content (what to write)
8. Intent / reason / Purpose
9. Interest and motivation (external / internal)

11. PRE REQUISITES OF WRITING
Are auditory processes pre -requistites of literacy
skills?
• Grapheme phoneme relationship
• Auditory memory
• Auditory reasoning
• Inner speech
Essential versus facilitator?
Typically developing children without disability –
facilitator
Children with D/deafness – may not be essential:
There could be a lot of initial struggle but literacy
development is not impossible

12. PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT : TYPICALLY DEVELOPING CHILDREN
Hierarchy of components:
• Alphabets
• Words
• Phrases
• Sentences
• Discourse

13. EMERGENT LITRACY SKILLS
• Emergent writing “means that children begin to understand
that writing is a form of communication and their marks on
paper convey a message” (Mayer, 2007, p. 35)
• Emergent literacy is a term that is used to explain a child's
knowledge of reading and writing skills before they learn how
to read and write words
• Pre-writing skills are the fundamental skills children need to
develop before they are able to write. These skills contribute to
the child's ability to hold and use a pencil, and the ability to
draw, write, copy, and colour. ... These are the pencil strokes
that most letters, numbers and early drawings are comprised of.

14. RECAPITULATION
1. Tell yourself the meaning of the term pre requisites
2. List 9 pre requisites of developing writing skills
3. There are two types of factors that play a role in
development of writing: skill factors and will factors
4. Make a list of conventional and out of box exercises
for the development of emergent writing skills
5. Emergent writing skills include pre writing or early
writing skills which are needed before the actual
writing is mastered.

15. What have we learnt?
1. Write a short note on ‘will’ factors in learning
to write
2. What is scribbling ?
3. Write 5 exercises to reinforce writing own
name for a child named Roshan

16. MCQ
1. Which statement is true?
a. Auditory processes are prerequisites of
development of literacy skills
b. Auditory processes facilitate litercy development
c. Children with haring losses can not read and
write due to their inability to understand
grapheme phoneme relationship.
d. Children with hearing losses do not have any
literacy related concerns since they have
average intelligence and vision.

17. MCQ
2. Which of the following is a pre requisites of
development of literacy skills
a. Education of parents
b. Normal Hearing
c. Opportunity to learn literacy
d. School enrollment

18. references
• Paul Peter, 2009. Language and Deafness
• May, Frank. B., 2001.Unraveling the Seven
Myths of Reading. Allen and Bacon

19. Thanks…. Keep reading