This document discusses organic vegetable farming and pesticide safety. It provides information on vegetable production in Odisha and Dhenkanal, the dangers of pesticide exposure to humans, and diseases linked to chemicals in food. It also discusses organic farming techniques like using vermicompost, panchagavya, jeevamrut, and insect and disease control methods. The document advocates for organic farming as it sustains soil, ecosystem and human health.
Ek Titli is a Pune based startup assisting farm & home owners with design and setup of landscaped organic gardens. The packaged service “Earth Gardens” has been implemented for 50K sqft of farms in Mumbai, Pune & Gujrat. Expansion plans into retail segment in the organic products space.
Health hazards of agrochemical inputs in our foodJeebit Singh
This ppt deals with the health problems being faced due to various agro-chemical inputs being used in agriculture and its subsequent residue entering the human food chain
Ek Titli is a Pune based startup assisting farm & home owners with design and setup of landscaped organic gardens. The packaged service “Earth Gardens” has been implemented for 50K sqft of farms in Mumbai, Pune & Gujrat. Expansion plans into retail segment in the organic products space.
Health hazards of agrochemical inputs in our foodJeebit Singh
This ppt deals with the health problems being faced due to various agro-chemical inputs being used in agriculture and its subsequent residue entering the human food chain
What is organic farming and what are the process for organic farming in the context of Nepal. In previous presentation there are some fonts problems so we correct in this ppt. In this presentation we mention our company short introduction. In this presentation we use some nepali plants name. If any organization and person willing to do partnership with us please send your proposal to pioneeragroconcern@yahoo.com
In the presentation, "Why organic" presents by orgoearth.com, It's well described that what is Organic mean, What are the benefits of organic food, Why too use organic, to intake less hazardous chemicals and more nutritious food that will taste very good fare better than conventionally grown food.
What is organic farming and what are the process for organic farming in the context of Nepal. In previous presentation there are some fonts problems so we correct in this ppt. In this presentation we mention our company short introduction. In this presentation we use some nepali plants name. If any organization and person willing to do partnership with us please send your proposal to pioneeragroconcern@yahoo.com
In the presentation, "Why organic" presents by orgoearth.com, It's well described that what is Organic mean, What are the benefits of organic food, Why too use organic, to intake less hazardous chemicals and more nutritious food that will taste very good fare better than conventionally grown food.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
PPT SAFE VEGETABLES by Dr. Sidhartha Kar, Scientist (Horticulture), KVK, Odisha, India
1. HOW SAFE OUR VEGETABLES
Dr. SIDHARTHA KAR
(M.Sc. Horticulture, NET, PGDAEM, Ph.D. )
SCIENTIST (HORTICULTURE)
KVK
MOBILE NUMBER – 9437633251
E Mail – sidharthakar7@gmail.com
2. STATUS OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN ODISHA
Area M
ha
Gross
cropped
area M
ha
Croppin
g
intensity
(%)
High
land %
Medium
land %
Low
land (%)
Populati
on acc
census
2001
Recomm
ende
veg
require
ment
15.57 8.798 151 45.78 29.97 24.25 3.67
crore
150g
Area in ha
Production in (MT)
Yield q/ha
Area in ha
Production in (MT)
Yield q/ha
Area in ha
Production in (MT)
Yield q/ha
25186 3065350 121.71
STATUS OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN DHENKANAL
3. What are the Dangers from Pesticides Exposure in
vegetable farming?
Pesticides can be toxic to humans and lower animals.
It can take a small amount of some toxins to kill. And other toxins that are slower acting,
May take a long time to cause harm to the human body.
Pesticide production can be dangerous, too. One disaster at a pesticide manufacturing plant was in Bhopal, India. (The plant accidentally
released 40 tons of an intermediate chemical gas, methyl isocyanate, used to produce some pesticides. ) In that disaster, nearly 3,000 people
were killed immediately, overall approximately 15,000 deaths occurred. Today nearly 100,000 people suffer from mild to severe permanent damage as a
result of that disaster.¹
In China, it's estimated that 500,000 people suffer pesticide poisoning annually, and some 500 of them die.²
Children seem to be greatly susceptible to the toxic effects of pesticides. The Natural Resource Defense Council has collected data which
recorded higher incidence of childhood leukemia, brain cancer and birth defects. These results correlated with early exposure to pesticides.³
OTHER DISEASES DUE TO
cardiovascular disease
diabetes
obesity
metabolic syndrome
irritable bowel syndrome & inflammatory bowel disease
macular degeneration
rheumatoid arthritis
asthma
cancer
psychiatric disorders
autoimmune diseases
4. HNE's Effect on the Body (4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal )
• The toxin certainly holds a fatal future for humans. Many studies have
linked HNE consumption to increased risks for cardiovascular disease,
stroke, liver problems and cancer.
What is a toxin?
• At the simplest level, a toxin is something capable of causing
disease or damaging tissue when it enters the body.
Excessive consumption of vegetable oil can also contribute to:
•Asthma
•Blindness
•Heart disease
•Cancer
5. Who's at Risk for Exposure to Pesticides?
Farmers and their families and other persons who use
chemical pesticides regularly are at greatest risk for
achieving toxic levels in their bodies. The danger is
spread out to larger areas, as the pesticides:
•Pesticides are carried on the wind
•Leave residues on produce.
•Remain inside produce and animals.
•Run off into open water, contaminating public water
supply as well as fish and other seafood
6. Effects of chemicals in food on human health
Short-term exposure of humans to high levels of dioxins may result in
Skin lesions, such as patchy darkening of the skin
Long-term exposure is linked to injury of the immune system, the developing
nervous system, the endocrine system and reproductive functions.
Chronic exposure of animals to dioxins has resulted in several types of cancer.
Evaluated by the WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1997.
DDT significantly higher in miscarried foetuses and premature babies.
Most insecticides are compounds containing phosphorus and chlorinated
hydrocarbons. These chemicals do not degrade easily and can accumulate in the body
resulting in, amongst other things, liver failure.
Herbicides consist of highly varied chemicals that kill the plant by blocking its
metabolism. When ingested by humans some may only cause mild to moderate symptoms
while others are fatal if consumed. The use of herbicides has grown 15 times over the last two
decades.
Rodenticides Designed to kill rodents. Many contain anti-coagulants, causing the
animal to bleed to death.
Fungicides Used to kill fungi that infect growing crops, fruit and stored seeds. For this
reason they are mostly sprayed directly onto the part of the food that is to be eaten.
Beeswax and shellac are mostly used and are not considered toxic enough to cause
concern. The real problem arises when they are mixed with some pesticides or fungicides. The
resulting chemical cocktail, especially when captan or folpet is involved, is highly carcinogenic
(cancer causing).
7. Imagine a world where:
• diabetes, heart diseases, autoimmunity and
other modern diseases are rare or don’t exist at
all.
• we are naturally lean and fit.
• we are fertile throughout our childbearing years.
• we sleep peacefully and deeply.
• we age gracefully without degenerative diseases
like Alzheimer’s and osteoporosis.
8. WHY ENCOURAGE ORGANIC VEGETABLE FARMING?
We can only be as healthy as the planet upon which we live. The benefits of
organic farming have been listed by the International Federation of
Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM,2008):
1. Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of
soil, ecosystems, and people.
2. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local
conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.
3. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit
the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good
quality of life for all involved.
11. Ancient Agriculture in India
The whole Eco-system was properly maintained &
taken care of for the upliftment of living beings.
22-Feb-20 11
12.
13.
14. Organic Chemical
• Compost Vermi compost Green manure Bio-fertilizer
V. compost Vermi wash
N fixing Bio-fertiliser P solubulising Bio-fert
Rhizobium Azotobactor BGA Azola
25. 2. Organic Farming
Cow dung 10 kg.
Cow urine 10 ltr.
Jaggery 100 gm.
Floor of Dal 100 gm.
Water 10 ltr.
Ingredients of Jeevamrut
Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Vita.
26. 3. JEEBAMRUT
Procedure
Mix all the
Ingredients in a
plastic or cement
tank and stir twice a
day for 10 days
Keep the tank
under a shade
27. 5. LIQUID MANURE
• A. LEAFS OF 5 TYPES PLANT – 1 KG.
• COW DUNG - 1 KG.
• WATER – 20 LTR.
• POT WITH COVER.
• GUNNY BAG.
33. BIO DYNAMIC AGRICULTURE
• Deals with Bio-technology & Soil micro biology
• This farming is based on Light of Sun, moon.
• Increase soil humus & organic matter.
• Different part of plant/ farming develop by zodiac sign.
Applications / farming are done by Purnima & Amabashya.
Zodiac name Part to be use for
effective action
Plant part effective
action
Brusha, Kanya, Makara Soil Root
Karkata, Bicha, Mina Water Leaf
Mithun, Tula, Kumbha Air Flower
Mesa, Singha, Dhanu Fair(Heat) Fruit
Cow horn silica (BD 501) 1 gram silika powdr / 10 lit water – Increase photosynthesis
activity & Cellulose synthesis, Cow horn compost(BD 500) 25 g./10 lit water, -
Presence of Actinomyceties control various disease
34. USE OF DIFFERENT CAKE IN VEGETABLE FARMING
Name of oil cake N P K
Alasi cake 4.7 1.8 1.3
Karanja Cake 4.0 1.0 1.1
Ground nut cake 7.0 1.5 1.4
Sessamum cake 6.2 2.0 1.2
Sun flower cake 7.8 2.2 1.9
Mustard cake 5.5 1.4 1.4
Neem cake 5.0 1.0 1.5
Goat manure 1.5 1.0 1.30
Fish waste 5.95 5.20 1.35
Bone meal 3.88 21.85 0.00
Saw dust 0.40 0.30 0.70
Wood ash 0.5 1.6 2.3
Stera meal 7 10 10
Rali meal 7 10 05
47. VEGETABLE CULTIVATION
Name of
vegetable
Seed rate
.
Spacing
Variety Yield / ac.P*P R*R
Okra 8 K.g. 45 cm. 30cm. Utkal Gourab, Arka manik, Arka Abhaya, Hyb.- 10, Barsa 40-60 q.
Tomato 200 gm 1.5 2
Summer – Punjsb Kesari, Krushna, Rasmi, Rupali
Rainy – Utkal Srabani, Utkal Kumari, Rajani.
Winter – Utkala Pallabi, Utkal dipti, Ratna, Roma, BT-
1,10, Utkal Raja 100-120q.
Potato 6 quintal 20 cm. 45 cm.
Early – Kufri chandramukhi, Kufri Ashoka
Medium – Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Lalima
Late – Kufri sinduri, Kufri badsah 200 q-300q.
Pumpkin 2 K.g 2m 1m Guamala, Baidyabati, Arka chandan, Pusa biswas 100-150 q.
Beans (Bush) 20-30 Kg. 5 cm. 30 cm. Contender, Arka mela, Pusa parbati, Panth anupam. 20 -25 q.
Beans
(Runner) 10-12 kg. 7.5cm 90 cm. Pusa hemalata, Phenomina long. 25-50q
Cow pea
(Bush) 5 Kg. 15 cm. 30 cm. Pusa Rutu raj, P-dophasali, P-komal 25 q.
Cow pea
(runner) 5 Kg. 15 cm. 30 cm. Green sagar, Banarasi long 30 q.
Potala 100 KG. 6FT 6FT
Swarna rekha, Sworna alokik, CHE,S. line hyb. 1,
hyb. 2 80q
Bitter Gourd 2 Kg. 3ft 3 ft. Arka harit (small size), Priti, Co-1, Nakhara, 40-50q.
Cucumber 1-1.5 Kg 3.5ft
3.5ft
Chaitali, Poenset, himangi, pusa sanjog, trupti, rani 40-50q.
Ridge Gourd 1.5 Kg. 2.5 m 1 m.
Co-1, Co-2, Pusa nasadar, Satpatri, Green gold,
PKM-1 80-100q
48. Suitable fruit trees and varieties
Common name Varieties
Mango Amrapalli, Mallika, Kesar, Neelam, Bainganpalli
Jack fruit Khajara
Lime Kagzi
Litchi Muzafferpur
Custard apple Balanagar selection, Washington
Guava Allahabad safeda, Lucknow-49 (Sadar)
Ber Gola, Umran, Seb
Pomegranate Ganesh, Bhagwa
Aonla Chakaiya, Banarasi, Krishna, Kanchan
Tamarind Pratisthan, PKM-1
Jamun Francies
Karonda American red / green
Phalsa Tall type, Dwarf type
Drumstick PKM-1
Pine apple Queen, Kew
Papaya Co-1, Co-2, Honey dew, Red lady, Ranchi dwarf
49. PROCESS OF ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
• Cultivate with respect to appropriate soil & climate.
• Use of HYV with disease resistant.
• Isolation distance from organic & chemical plot.
• Soil solanisation by sun ray in summer.
• Use of ash, cow urine for seed and seedling treatment.
• Use of T viridae with compost to protect damping off diseases of
vegetable.
• Use of green manure, bio-fertilizer & oil cake.
• Use of INM & IPM practices.
• Record maintenance & Organic farm registration.
VEGETABLES PRODUCE IN ORGANIC WAY ARE-
• Zinger, Turmeric, Chilli, Tomato, Cabbage, Beans & Legumes,
Raddish, Onion, Garlic, Cashew, Leafy vegetables, Cucurbits &
root vegetables.
52. Recommended to
Zones V,VII and VIII
Improved Chilli Varieties
A lohit, PMR 57/88K, U Abha, Surjya mukhi, Jwala mukhi
Arka Suphal
Recommended to
Zone VIII
53. CHILLI VARIETIES RESISTANT TO
POWDERY MILDEW AND VIRUSES
Identified at Institute level Recommended to Eastern
zone IV, V, VI and VIII
57. • Pumpkin, bottle gourd & ash gourd
are monoecious cucurbits
• Male flowers are big, showy & less
in number in these cucurbits
• Male and female flowering parents
are grown in 1:3 ratio in the field
for effective pollination and higher
hybrid seed yield
• All male flowers before they open
are pinched/removed from the
female parent and male parent is
allowed to grow and flower with
the female parent for natural
cross-pollination
• F1 seed is extracted after
harvesting mature fruits from the
plants of female parent
• Two parental lines (male and
female) are raised in isolation
within a radius of at least 500
meters to check cross-pollination
from other lines/varieties of the
same crop
Easy & Economical Method of Hybrid Seed
Production in Pumpkin, Bottle gourd and Ash gourd
Unopened male flower
Unopened female flower
opened male flower opened female flower
58. PUMPKIN
(RESISTANT TO FRUIT FLY)
Recommended to
Zones I and VIII
Recommended to
Zones I and VIII
PUMPKIN
(HIGH CAROTENE)
76. Documentation
The following records are to be maintained :
For acquiring certification the following
documents are to be maintained :
a) Field map b) Field history sheet
c) Activity register d) Input record
e) Out-put record f) Harvest record
g) Storage record h) Sales record
i) Pest control record j) Movement record
k) Equipments cleaning record.
l) Labeling records.
81. FAO at Work: Case Studies of Vegetable
Integrated Pest Management & Farmer
Education in Asia
FAO-IPM/Pesticide Risk Reduction Programme in Asia
Presentation for May 2012 Global Horticulture Conference, Odisha, India
82. Vegetable Production in Tropical Asia
Many vegetables are native to
tropical Asia, a vast number are
temperate in origin.
The realization of optimal
yields is often constrained by
pests and diseases.
Farmers frequently use
pesticides for pest & disease
control:
-brassicas-10-15
applications/season,
-eggplants - up to 80
applications/season
83. Farmers lack knowledge to
identify pest and disease
problems and assess risk
Calendar-based applications,
often mix/over-dosage of
various active ingredients
Unregulated trade, distribution,
re-packaging, sub-standard
formulations, bad/incomplete
labels
No Personal Protective
Equipment
Aggressive marketing of
pesticides prevails!
Problems Associated With Indiscriminate
Use of Chemical Pesticides
84. FAO Asia Regional Integrated
Pest Management/Pesticide Risk
Reduction Programme
www.vegetableipmasia.org
86. Global Context and FAO Intervention
Sustainable
Intensification of
Agricultural
Production, Food
Safety and Trade
Facilitation are
major driving
forces for
government
commitment
towards pesticide
risk reduction and
IPM promotion.
87. Pesticide Risk Reduction
FAO’s integrated approach
Regulatory control:
Strengthen regulatory
control of the
importation, distribution
and use of pesticides
Farmer education:
Promotion of Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) to:
- eliminate pesticide overuse,
- reduce reliance on pesticides,
- end use of WHO Class I
pesticides
89. Exposure Reduction:
• Limiting exposure
through
elimination of
indiscriminate use
and better
handling, use,
storage, disposal
of pesticides
90. Process of Community Education, Action Plan
Formulation and Mobilization for Pesticide Risk
Reduction (PRR)
Community Surveys to
assess location-specific risk
for curriculum development
PRR-Fortified Farmer Field
School training and/or
Focused PRR short training
Community Mobilization &
Formulation of Action Plans
Implementation of
Community Action Plans,
M&E and IPM training
Local Commune Policy
Development with policy
spin-offs at national level
91. What is a Farmers Field School ?
“School without walls”,
farmers learn about crop
ecology and pest
management in the field
Season-long, from seed to
harvest, 25-30 farmers
Aim to help farmers adopt
IPM, make better informed
management decisions,
conserve vital ecosystem
services and produce safe
food with less inputs of
pesticides
92. Principles of IPM Farmer Field Schools
• Grow a healthy crop
• Regular field monitoring
• Optimal use and
conservation of natural
biocontrol
• Farmers as IPM experts
FFS-training process:
• Adult Education
• Discovery-based, learning by
doing
93. Farmer Field School:
A learner-centered group-based discovery
learning process
Concrete
Experience
Observation
and Reflection
Generalisation &
Abstract
Conceptualisation
Active
Experimentation
94. Diversification of Farmer Field Schools
FFS farmers acquire:
– Observation skills
– Analytical skills
– Decision-making skills
These skills can be extended to:
– Sustainable Crop Intensification
– Managing Soils & fertility, crop
nutrition, reduced N-inputs
– Agro-biodiversity: Genetic resource
management & species
conservation/sustainable use
– Conservation Agriculture
– Fisheries & Animal husbandry
– Health, nutrition, food safety
– Climate Smart Agriculture
95. China National IPM Program
• Intensive vegetable
production for domestic and
increasingly export markets
• High use of pesticides cause
food safety concerns & trade
barriers
• More than 150,000 farmers
IPM-FFS trained across China
• Government FFS upscaling:
RMB 800 million (2012)
96. Vietnam: Exposure Risk Reduction by
responsible disposal
Control Villages
PRR Villages
%%
100100
2020
6060
00
8080
4040
PRR Training
20082008 20102010 YearYear20092009
Thai Binh
97. While Fighting Hunger Avoid the
Seven Sins
“There are seven sins in the world: wealth without work,
pleasure without conscience, knowledge without
character, commerce without morality, science without
humanity, worship without sacrifice, and politics
without principle”.
(Mahatma Gandhi)
