This document discusses organic farming of vegetables in India. It begins with an introduction to organic farming practices including crop rotations, use of organic manures and biofertilizers, and biological pest control. It then discusses the history and development of organic farming. The rest of the document outlines principles and objectives of organic vegetable farming in India, common vegetable crops grown organically, and strategies for organic production including use of organic manures and amendments, biofertilizers, and botanical pesticides. Tables provide data on organic certification and production in India. The document concludes with results from a study on the effects of organic plant growth promoters on brinjal yields.
Natural organic and biological farming A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Natural organic and biological farming A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province & Visiting Professor Agriculture University Peshawar Pakistan
Natural organic and biological farming A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Natural organic and biological farming A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province & Visiting Professor Agriculture University Peshawar Pakistan
Role of organic farming A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director G...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Role of organic farming A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
How to Start Organic Farming Business (Cultivation of Mushroom, Crop, Cotton,...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
India is an agro based country. So organic farming plays an important role in agro field. The popularity of organic farming is gradually increasing and now organic agriculture is practiced in almost all countries of the world, and its share of agricultural land and farms is growing. As the organic food market continues to expand, so do the opportunities for small farmers.
Organic farming has emerged as the only answer to bring sustainability to agriculture and environment.
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Become an Organic Farmer, Bio Fertilizer Business Opportunities, Bio fertilizer manufacturing process, Bio Fertilizer Process Plants, Bio fertilizer production line, Biofertilizer and Organic Farming Business, Biofertilizer Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Biofertilizer Business Plan, Biofertilizer Manufacturing Business Ideas, Biofertilizer Processing Industry in India, Biofertilizer Processing Profitable Projects, Biofertilizer Processing Projects, Bio-Fertilizer Processing unit, Biofertilizer Production and Application, biofertilizer production process, biofertilizer production unit, biofertilizer production, Biofertilizer Small Business Manufacturing, Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides Unit, Bio-fertilizers in organic agriculture, Biofertilizers Technology, Biogas Production from Organic Biofertilizer, Book on Biofertilizer and Organic Farming, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business start-up, How to make bio fertilizer, How to manufacture bio fertilizer, How to Start a Biofertilizer business?, How to Start a Biofertilizer Production Business, How to Start a Fertilizer Business Startup Business, How to start a successful Biofertilizer business, How to start an organic farm business Startup Business, How to Start an Organic Farm, How to Start Biofertilizer Processing Industry in India, How to start fertilizer business in India, How to Start Organic Farming business in India, How to start organic farming, Industrial Project Report, Manufacture of Biofertilizer and Organic Farming, Most Profitable Biofertilizer Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Biofertilizer processing industry, Organic agriculture produce, Organic crops, Organic Farm Start Up, Organic farming and food production, Organic farming business plan in India, Organic Farming Entrepreneur, Organic Farming, Organic Food, Organic fruits and vegetables, Organic fruits, Organic Vegetables, Preparation of Project Profiles, Process technology books, Production of Biopesticides, Profitable Biofertilizer Business Ideas, Profitable Small Scale Biofertilizer Manufacturing, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Project for startups, Cultivation of Mushroom, Cultivation of Crop, Cultivation of Cotton, Cultivation of Wheat, Cultivation of Sugarcane, Production of Biofertilizers, Agriculture Waste, Dairy & Poultry Farming
Manufacturing of Organic Compost and Organic Farming (Organic Manures, Livest...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Manufacturing of Organic Compost and Organic Farming (Organic Manures, Livestock and Human Wastes, Industrial Wastes, Organic Farming in Rice, Biomass Production, Chemical Composition of Banana, Organic Nutrient, Processing and Value Addition of Organic Rice, Pest Management and Weed Management in Organic Farming)
In organic farming, requirements for managing the composting process are necessary to ensure that composting results in a reasonably stabilized product that is largely free of pathogens, weed seeds, and toxic residues. Composting is the natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms under controlled conditions. Raw organic materials such as crop residues, animal wastes, food garbage, some municipal wastes and suitable industrial wastes, enhance their suitability for application to the soil as a fertilizing resource, after having undergone composting.
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Production of Biofertilizers and Organic Farming - Food and AgricultureAjjay Kumar Gupta
Use of biofertilizers is one of the important components of integrated nutrient management, as they are cost effective and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement the chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Several microorganisms and their association with crop plants are being exploited in the production of biofertilizers.
Organic farming system is not new in India and is being followed from ancient time. It is a method of farming system which primarily aimed at cultivating that land and raising crops in such a way as to keep the soil alive and in good health by use of organic wastes (crop, animal and farm waste, aquatic waste) and other biological material along with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco-friendly, pollution-free environment.
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Advantages of biofertilizers, Become an Organic Farmer, Bio Fertilizer Business Opportunities, Bio fertilizer manufacturing process, Bio Fertilizer Process Plants, Bio fertilizer production line, Biofertilizer and Organic Farming Business, Biofertilizer Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Biofertilizer Business Plan, Biofertilizer Manufacturing Business Ideas, Biofertilizer Processing Industry in India, Biofertilizer Processing Profitable Projects, Biofertilizer Processing Projects, Bio-Fertilizer Processing unit, Biofertilizer Production and Application, biofertilizer production process, biofertilizer production unit, biofertilizer production, Biofertilizer Small Business Manufacturing, Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides Unit, Bio-fertilizers in organic agriculture, Biofertilizers Technology, Biogas Production from Organic Biofertilizer, Book on Biofertilizer and Organic Farming, Organic agriculture produce, Organic crops, Organic Farm Start Up, Organic farming and food production, Organic farming business plan in India, Organic Farming Entrepreneur, Organic Farming, Organic Food, Organic fruits and vegetables, Organic fruits, Organic Vegetables, Preparation of Project Profiles, Process technology books, Production of Biopesticides, Profitable Biofertilizer Business Ideas, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Biofertilizer Manufacturing, Project identification and selection, Setting up and opening your Biofertilizer Business, Small Scale Biofertilizer Processing Projects, Small scale Biofertilizer production line, Small scale Commercial Biofertilizer making, Organic Farming technology book, Science and Technology of Organic Farming
Rice is our staple diet and in the south and east of India people eat rice thrice a day in various forms. Since the last two - three decades we have been mainly eating polished white rice from few high yielding varieties of paddy. This is reported to cause numerous health issues. Pesticide use in paddy is also quite high and around 17% of the pesticides used in the country goes into paddy. Residues of these pesticides found in our staple grain is a serious cause for concern. Since most of the paddy is cultivated in wetlands and irrigated areas, this practice also leads to contamination of our water resources and soil.
Organic rice cultivation uses organic inputs such as farm yard manure, vermin - compost, Beejamrut, dharava jeeva amuruth, agniyastharam etc. These natural inputs will maintain a balance in the soil eco - system by maintaining a constant level of microorganism’s loads in the soil. As the organic rice cultivation uses none of the chemical pesticides, we can also prevent the degradation of flora and fauna living above the soil. Beside it we can also maintain a good agro eco - system and biodiversity. The organic rice has less calorific value and high fiber value when compared to conventional rice so people who are suffering from diabetes can consume organic rice without any hesitation. The inputs used in the organic rice are easily prepare from the available farm resources so farmers can easily adopt the cultivation of organic rice. Even the yield of organic rice may be low when compare to conventional rice cultivation and the nutritive value of the organic rice is high. As the demand is increasing day by day for organic rice hence the farmers can go for cultivation organic rice insisted of conventional cultivation in order to get sustainable yield and to prevent from health hazards, protect biodiversity and maintain balanced eco system.
Organic farming can be defined as, "an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity whilst, with rare exceptions, prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones".
Role of organic farming A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director G...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Role of organic farming A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
How to Start Organic Farming Business (Cultivation of Mushroom, Crop, Cotton,...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
India is an agro based country. So organic farming plays an important role in agro field. The popularity of organic farming is gradually increasing and now organic agriculture is practiced in almost all countries of the world, and its share of agricultural land and farms is growing. As the organic food market continues to expand, so do the opportunities for small farmers.
Organic farming has emerged as the only answer to bring sustainability to agriculture and environment.
See more
http://goo.gl/KWQRlu
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Become an Organic Farmer, Bio Fertilizer Business Opportunities, Bio fertilizer manufacturing process, Bio Fertilizer Process Plants, Bio fertilizer production line, Biofertilizer and Organic Farming Business, Biofertilizer Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Biofertilizer Business Plan, Biofertilizer Manufacturing Business Ideas, Biofertilizer Processing Industry in India, Biofertilizer Processing Profitable Projects, Biofertilizer Processing Projects, Bio-Fertilizer Processing unit, Biofertilizer Production and Application, biofertilizer production process, biofertilizer production unit, biofertilizer production, Biofertilizer Small Business Manufacturing, Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides Unit, Bio-fertilizers in organic agriculture, Biofertilizers Technology, Biogas Production from Organic Biofertilizer, Book on Biofertilizer and Organic Farming, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business start-up, How to make bio fertilizer, How to manufacture bio fertilizer, How to Start a Biofertilizer business?, How to Start a Biofertilizer Production Business, How to Start a Fertilizer Business Startup Business, How to start a successful Biofertilizer business, How to start an organic farm business Startup Business, How to Start an Organic Farm, How to Start Biofertilizer Processing Industry in India, How to start fertilizer business in India, How to Start Organic Farming business in India, How to start organic farming, Industrial Project Report, Manufacture of Biofertilizer and Organic Farming, Most Profitable Biofertilizer Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Biofertilizer processing industry, Organic agriculture produce, Organic crops, Organic Farm Start Up, Organic farming and food production, Organic farming business plan in India, Organic Farming Entrepreneur, Organic Farming, Organic Food, Organic fruits and vegetables, Organic fruits, Organic Vegetables, Preparation of Project Profiles, Process technology books, Production of Biopesticides, Profitable Biofertilizer Business Ideas, Profitable Small Scale Biofertilizer Manufacturing, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Project for startups, Cultivation of Mushroom, Cultivation of Crop, Cultivation of Cotton, Cultivation of Wheat, Cultivation of Sugarcane, Production of Biofertilizers, Agriculture Waste, Dairy & Poultry Farming
Manufacturing of Organic Compost and Organic Farming (Organic Manures, Livest...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Manufacturing of Organic Compost and Organic Farming (Organic Manures, Livestock and Human Wastes, Industrial Wastes, Organic Farming in Rice, Biomass Production, Chemical Composition of Banana, Organic Nutrient, Processing and Value Addition of Organic Rice, Pest Management and Weed Management in Organic Farming)
In organic farming, requirements for managing the composting process are necessary to ensure that composting results in a reasonably stabilized product that is largely free of pathogens, weed seeds, and toxic residues. Composting is the natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms under controlled conditions. Raw organic materials such as crop residues, animal wastes, food garbage, some municipal wastes and suitable industrial wastes, enhance their suitability for application to the soil as a fertilizing resource, after having undergone composting.
See more:
https://goo.gl/m7pgWX
https://goo.gl/8IWEuQ
https://goo.gl/fPbtJc
Contact us
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Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
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Become an Organic Farmer, How to Start an Organic Farm, How to Start Organic Farming business in India, How to start organic farming, Industrial Project Report, Organic agriculture produce, Organic crops, Organic Farm Start Up, Organic farming and food production, Organic farming business plan in India, Organic Farming Entrepreneur, Organic Farming, Organic Food, Organic fruits and vegetables, Organic fruits, Organic Vegetables, Preparation of Project Profiles, Starting a New Organic Fertilizer Production Line, Starting an Organic Farm, Start-up Business Plan for Organic Farming, Startup ideas, Startup Project for Organic Farming, Startup project plan, Startup, Types of Organic Farming technology book, Science and Technology of Organic Farming, Cultivation of Mushroom, Cultivation of Wheat, Cultivation of Sugarcane, How to make organic compost fertilizer, Composting: a guide to making compost, organic compost making, How to Make Compost Organic Gardening, Organic Composting, How to Make Organic Compost, organic compost business plan, Starting a Composting Business, Organic Fertilizer Production Business Plan, compost business startup, composting business ideas, compost business profit, starting a commercial composting business, how to start a composting business, composting facility business plan, Business guidance for organic compost, Setting up and opening your organic compost Business, How to Start an organic compost industry?, How to start a successful organic compost business, Small scale Commercial organic compost making, organic compost Business, Profitable Small Scale organic compost Manufacturing, Manufacturing of Organic Compost and Organic Farming
Production of Biofertilizers and Organic Farming - Food and AgricultureAjjay Kumar Gupta
Use of biofertilizers is one of the important components of integrated nutrient management, as they are cost effective and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement the chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Several microorganisms and their association with crop plants are being exploited in the production of biofertilizers.
Organic farming system is not new in India and is being followed from ancient time. It is a method of farming system which primarily aimed at cultivating that land and raising crops in such a way as to keep the soil alive and in good health by use of organic wastes (crop, animal and farm waste, aquatic waste) and other biological material along with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco-friendly, pollution-free environment.
See more
https://goo.gl/5JrJwh
https://goo.gl/8IWEuQ
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Advantages of biofertilizers, Become an Organic Farmer, Bio Fertilizer Business Opportunities, Bio fertilizer manufacturing process, Bio Fertilizer Process Plants, Bio fertilizer production line, Biofertilizer and Organic Farming Business, Biofertilizer Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Biofertilizer Business Plan, Biofertilizer Manufacturing Business Ideas, Biofertilizer Processing Industry in India, Biofertilizer Processing Profitable Projects, Biofertilizer Processing Projects, Bio-Fertilizer Processing unit, Biofertilizer Production and Application, biofertilizer production process, biofertilizer production unit, biofertilizer production, Biofertilizer Small Business Manufacturing, Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides Unit, Bio-fertilizers in organic agriculture, Biofertilizers Technology, Biogas Production from Organic Biofertilizer, Book on Biofertilizer and Organic Farming, Organic agriculture produce, Organic crops, Organic Farm Start Up, Organic farming and food production, Organic farming business plan in India, Organic Farming Entrepreneur, Organic Farming, Organic Food, Organic fruits and vegetables, Organic fruits, Organic Vegetables, Preparation of Project Profiles, Process technology books, Production of Biopesticides, Profitable Biofertilizer Business Ideas, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Biofertilizer Manufacturing, Project identification and selection, Setting up and opening your Biofertilizer Business, Small Scale Biofertilizer Processing Projects, Small scale Biofertilizer production line, Small scale Commercial Biofertilizer making, Organic Farming technology book, Science and Technology of Organic Farming
Rice is our staple diet and in the south and east of India people eat rice thrice a day in various forms. Since the last two - three decades we have been mainly eating polished white rice from few high yielding varieties of paddy. This is reported to cause numerous health issues. Pesticide use in paddy is also quite high and around 17% of the pesticides used in the country goes into paddy. Residues of these pesticides found in our staple grain is a serious cause for concern. Since most of the paddy is cultivated in wetlands and irrigated areas, this practice also leads to contamination of our water resources and soil.
Organic rice cultivation uses organic inputs such as farm yard manure, vermin - compost, Beejamrut, dharava jeeva amuruth, agniyastharam etc. These natural inputs will maintain a balance in the soil eco - system by maintaining a constant level of microorganism’s loads in the soil. As the organic rice cultivation uses none of the chemical pesticides, we can also prevent the degradation of flora and fauna living above the soil. Beside it we can also maintain a good agro eco - system and biodiversity. The organic rice has less calorific value and high fiber value when compared to conventional rice so people who are suffering from diabetes can consume organic rice without any hesitation. The inputs used in the organic rice are easily prepare from the available farm resources so farmers can easily adopt the cultivation of organic rice. Even the yield of organic rice may be low when compare to conventional rice cultivation and the nutritive value of the organic rice is high. As the demand is increasing day by day for organic rice hence the farmers can go for cultivation organic rice insisted of conventional cultivation in order to get sustainable yield and to prevent from health hazards, protect biodiversity and maintain balanced eco system.
Organic farming can be defined as, "an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity whilst, with rare exceptions, prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones".
This ppt prepared by santosh raut as doctorial seminar
( Ph.D/Agronomy)
This ppt useful for students, all those related agriculture and other peoples. This ppt provide useful information related to organic rice with including reference/ case studies .
Crop Residue Management, Smart Mechanization and Its Implications in Tropical...Kasa Kiran Kumar Reddy
Crop residue management through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by maintaining SOM levels. Two significant advantages of surface-residue management are increased OM near the soil surface and enhanced nutrient cycling and retention.
This presentation was prepared for Course "Modern Concept of Agriculture" on the topic Organic farming. It covers some latest status of organic farming related to India, and some datas on World.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
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Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Effect of organic farming in vegetable crops
1.
2. 2
Speaker: Daki Raju N.
Degree: M.Sc. (Agronomy)
Reg no: J4-00605-2010
Major Guide:
Dr. B.K. Sagarka
Professor(P)
Dept. of Agronomy,
J.A.U., Junagadh.
Minor Guide:
Dr. N.M. Zalawadia
Professor(P)
Dept. of Agril. Chemistry and Soil
Science,
J.A.U., Junagadh.
3. Organic farming –An overview
Principles and objectives of organic farming
Organic farming in vegetables crops
Issues and strategies of organic
vegetable farming in India
Conclusion
Content :
3
4. 4
Organic farming is a production system which avoids or
largely excludes the use of synthetic compounds like fertilizers,
pesticides, weedicides and livestock feed additives. It based on
crop rotations, legumes, green manures, farm organic wastes and
biofertilizers, biological method of pest control which result into
the maintenance of soil health, supply of plant nutrients and
controls insects and weeds.
5. Before 19th century most food in the world was
organically produced.
In 1924 Austrian philosopher Dr. Rudolf Steiner
conceptualized and advocated organic agriculture.
In 1927 a trademark “Demeter” was introduced for
organically grown food.
Ill effects of modern agriculture forced people to demand
food grown without fertilizers and pesticides and this
paved the way for organic farming.
In 1972, International Federation of Organic Agriculture
Movements (IFOAM) gave an international frame work for
discussion and codification of internationally recognized
principles of organic farming.
5
7. 7
Fig: 2 World of Organic Farming in %
Source: FiBL and IFOAM (2010)
7
8. Table1:IndianScenario:Areaunderorganiccertification
(Certifiedandin-conversion-Statewise)
8
Source: Organic Farming in Rainfed Agriculture , CRIDA, Hyderabad, 2008 8
Sr.no. state Area in ha.
Certified Area Under
Conversion
Total
1. Gujarat 7,102 658 7,760
2. Madhya Pradesh 87,536 59,875 1,47,411
3. Assam 2526 540 3066
4. Delhi 3632 1830 5462
5. Goa 4100 2849 6950
6. Haryana 3382 15 3398
7. Karnataka 8735 2976 11711
8. Kerala 11631 3112 14744
9. Maharashtra 41390 72238 113628
10. Orissa 66635 7959 74585
11. Rajasthan 15034 9697 24731
12. Tamilnadu 3414 1652 5066
13. West Bengal 7332 3147 10479
14. Other 262449 166548 424997
Total 3,11,786 2,17,143 5,28,929
9. Commodity Production
(Metric tons)
Rice 17762
Wheat 113570
Other Cereals & Millets 271042
Pulses 53227
Soybean 315067
Cotton and oil seed 837293
Spices (Including chili, ginger, turmeric) 1,68,507
Tea / Coffee 40614
Fruits and Vegetables 8,89,844
Sugarcane 3613
Other Crops / Herbs & Medicinal Plants and Guar Gum 189193
9
Table :2
SOURCE: National centre of organic farming ,ministry of agriculture, Govt.of India,
Ghaziabad 9
10. 10
S/No Organic food Sale (tons)
1 Tea 3,000
2 Coffee 550
3 Spices 700
4 Rice 2500
5 Wheat 1150
6 Pulses 300
7 Oil seed 100
8 Fruits and vegetable 1,800
9 Cashew nut 375
10 cotton 1200
11 Herbal products 250
total 11,925
Table 3. Export performance of organic food products
from India.
Source: Changing scenario of organic farming in India: An Overview
H. M. Chandrashekar (2009) 10
11. 1. To produce food of high quality in sufficient quantity.
2. To encourage and enhance biological cycles within the farming
system, involving micro-organisms, soil flora and fauna, plants
and animals.
3. To maintain and increase the long-term fertility of soils.
4. To maintain the genetic diversity of the production system and
its surroundings, including the protection of wildlife habitats.
5. To use, as far as possible, renewable resources in locally
organized production systems.
6. To minimize all forms of pollution.
7. To allow organic production and processing to meet the basic
needs, returns and satisfaction from their work, including a safe
working environment.
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC FARMING
11 11
13. Balanced supply of nutrients ( primary, secondary and
micronutrients)
Improved physical, chemical and biological properties of
soil.
Reduced need for purchased inputs
Environmental security
More healthy and nutritionally superior food for man
and animal
Organically grown plants are more resistant to diseases
and pests and hence require less protective measures.
13
14. United States of America
Japan
Canada
Australia
European Union
India
Multinational Corporation
14
15. Sr.
No.
Name of certifying & inspection
agencies
Sr.
No.
Name of certifying & inspection
agencies
1. Association for promotion of
Organic Farming (APOF)
7. Bioinspectra
2. Indian Society for Certification of
organic production (ISCOP)
8. SGS India Pvt Ltd
3. Indian Organic Certification Agency
(INDOCERT)
9. LACON
4. Skal Inspection and Certificaton
Agency
10. International Resources for Fair
Trade (IRFD)
5. IMO Control Pvt. Ltd. 11 One Cert Asia
6. Ecocert International 12. National Organic Certification
Association (NOCA)
15
17. 17
Latent needs of Organic Farming of Vegetable crops in
India
1. Most of the vegetable crops are eaten fresh or used for health
care; hence any contamination (chemical residue) may lead to
various kinds of health hazards
2. In India majority of the vegetable growers are poor, small and
marginal farmers
3. Decrease in land productivity due to ever increasing use of
chemical fertilizers
4. There are not many scientific breakthroughs in improving
quality and production of vegetable crops
5. The ever-increasing cost of production due to fertilizers,
pesticides, irrigation etc despite massive cause of concern,
which are very low in organic farming.
17
18. 7. Organic Farming of vegetable crops generates income
through International exports or by saving production
costs.
8. Organic Farming also able to secure a place of India on
International markets by producing high value vegetable
crops.
9. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers as well as pesticides
not only increases the cost of production but also poses
threat to the environment quality, ecological stability and
sustainability of production. We have gained quantity but
at expense of quality. 18
Con….
6. High environment pollution
18
19. 19
Objectives of Organic Farming in Vegetable crops
1. To produce food of high nutritional quality in
sufficient quantity
2. To encourage biological cycles within farming
systems by involving the use of microorganisms,
soil flora & fauna, plants and animals
3. To maintain and increase the long term fertility
of soil and biodiversity
4. To use renewable resources in locally organized
production systems
5. To work with a close system with regard to
organic matter and nutrient elements
6. To avoid all forms of pollution that may results
from Agricultural techniques
19
20. 20
Technology packages for Organic Vegetables
1. Timely preparation of soil to a fine tilth with 2-3 ploughings
to remove all debris, stubbles, stones etc and to avoid
infestation of ants and termites. However, minimum tillage
is considered as an important component of organic
farming.
2. Use of organic manures as basal dose @ 25-38 t/ha through
FYM, poultry manures, fish manures, sheep composts,
biofertilizers etc. Use of organic cakes from neem,
groundnut, pongamia, and castor becomes imperative.
3. Raising of green manure crops like sesbania or dhanicha
and incorporating into the soil, besides using biomass of
other plant species.
20
21. 21
Con…
21
4.Always include legume crop like beans, peas, cowpea etc
in the crop rotation not only to improve the soil fertility
by fixing atmospheric nitrogen but also to increase the
yield up to 30-35%.
5.Use of crop residues is essential in organic vegetable
production, which increases the soil organic matter content,
maintains soil fertility status, and in turn increases the crop
yield.
6.Choice of vegetable varieties should be based on climate,
resistance to pest & disease and market preference; adopting
optimum spacing and timely planting, raising plants/seedlings
with enough organic manures and bio-fertilizers.
21
22. • FYM, Slurry, green manure, crop residues, straw, vermicompost, sheep
manure and other mulches from own farm
• Saw dust, wood shaving from untreated wood.
• Calcium chloride, lime stone, gypsum .
• Magnesium rock.
• Sodium chloride.
• Bacterial preparation (Bio fertilizers), eg. Azospirrillum, rhizobium etc.
• Bio dynamic preparations.
• Plant preparation and extracts, eg. Neem cake etc.
The following products are permitted for use in manuring
/ soil conditioning in organic field
2222
30. TABLE 10: FRUIT YIELD OF BRINJAL UNDER DIFFERENT
ORGANIC PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER TREATMENTS
Treatments No. of fruits
/plant
(Mean±S.E)
Yield /plant
(kg)
(Mean±S.E
)
yield
(t ha-1)
Control 22.5±0.1 0.8±0.0 14.5
T1-Panchagavya (3%) 37.3±0.1 1.4±0.0 25.8
T2-Panchagavya (5%) 37.0±0.0 1.4±0.0 28.2
T3-Amrit Pani (3%)) 23.1±0.1 1.2±0.0 21.7
T4-Amrit Pani (5%) 26.2±0.1 1.2±0.0 21.5
T5-Bokashi (750 Kg Ha-1) 52.7±0.1 1.7±0.0 30.7
T6-Bokashi (1250 Kg Ha-1)
45.9±0.2 1.6±0.0 28.4
Mohan(2008)
Hosur, (India)
30
31. TABLE 11:EFFECT OF SOIL APPLICATION OF OXYGENATED PEPTONE ON
FLOWERING AND FRUITING IN BRINJAL
Parameter Untreated Treated Increase (%)
Number of flowers /
plant
11.3 ± 1.0 19.0 ± 1.2 68.1
Flower to fruit ratio 1.13 1.15 1.76
Number of fruits /
plant
10.0 ±1.0 16.5 ± 0.5 65
Length of fruit (cm) 6.3 ± 0.1 10.0 ± 0.5 58.7
Diameter of fruit
(cm)
12.7 ± 0.2 19.6 ± 0.2 54.3
Weight of fruit (g) 47.3 ± 0.4 130.0 ± 1.5 174.8
Yield / plant (kg) 2.4 ± 1.0 5.0 ± 1.5 108.3
shining + ++
31
32. Parameter Untreated Treated Increase (%)
Total nitrogen
(%)
0.70 0.90 28.5
Total potash (%) 1.500 1.550 3.33
Calcium (%) 0.003 0.005 66.6
Magnesium (%) 0.151 0.152 0.6
Copper (ppm) 27 161 496.2
Iron (%) 21 25 19
Manganese
(ppm)
13 17 30.7
TABLE 12. EFFECT OF SOIL APPLICATION OF OXYGENATED
PEPTONE ON MINERAL CONTENTS IN FRUIT OF BRINJAL
32
33. TABLE 13: EFFECT OF BIOPESTICIDAL ON JASSID, WHITEFLY AND YIELD IN
BRINJAL.
33
Treatment No. of
jassid/Three
leaves
No. of
whitefly/
Three
leaves
Fruit yield
(kg/ha)
T1-B.bassiana @ 1.5 kg/hha 4.32 3.85 13255
T2- B.bassiana @ 2.0 kg/ha 3.98 3.48 14332
T3-M.anisopliae @ 1.5 kg/ha 3.92 3.66 13751
T4-M.anisoplia @ 2.0 kg/ha 3.63 3.42 15150
CD at 5% 1.65 0.90 2370
Dept. of entomology (2010)J.A.U, (junagadh)
33
34. Table 14. Effect of soil application of organics on growth and fruit
yield in chilli
DHARWAD
Treatments plant height
(cm)
Fruit yield
per
plant(g)
Fruit yield
t/ha
S1: RDF + FYM (25t/ha 38.48 306.22 11.03
S2: FYM (50%) + Vermicompost (50%) 38.89 311.13 11.79
S3 : FYM (50%) + Vermicompost (50%) + Neemcake
(500 kg/ha)
41.95 334.45 12.00
S4: FYM (50%) + Vermicompost (50%) + Azospirillum +
PSB (5kg/ha)
42.95 380.57 13.99
CD at 5% 2.64 35.11 1.23
34
PRAKASH (2008)
35. FYM 50 per cent + vermicompost
FYM 50 per cent + vermicompost 50 per cent
+ biofertilizer
35
36. Table 15:Effect of bio-inoculants on yield and quality of
tomato fruits
Sengupta et al. (2002)JNKVV, Jabalpur
36
Treatments Yield (q/ha) T.S.S content
(brix)
Ascorbic acids
content
(mg/100g)
Bio- inoculants
B0 No inoculans 234.54 5.62 21.72
B1- Azotobacter 256.82 5.89 22.50
B2-Azospirillum 261.08 5.95 22.76
CD at 5% 5.928 0.193 0.98
37. Table 16:Effect of FYM on fruit yield and yield
attribute characters in tomato
Treatments (FYM t/ha) Fruits/Plant
s
Average Fruit
Weight (g)
Yield t/ha
0 30.3 64.3 37
10 32.4 71.5 47
25 36.9 74.9 51
CD at 5% 1.01 4.27 7.5
Rajbir and Ram (2005)Abohar (Punjab)
37
38. Table 17.Yields of tomatoes under different organic
plant growth promoter treatments
Treatments No. of fruits /plant
(Mean±S.E)
Yield /plant (kg)
(Mean±S.E)
yield
(t ha-1)
Control 111.4±0.3 3.4±0.0 49.5
T1-Panchagavya (3%) 113.6±0.1 3.6±0.0 55.3
T2-Panchagavya (5%) 116.1±0.1 3.6±0.0 57.1
T3-Amrit Pani (3%)) 115.6±0.1 4.0±0.0 59.1
T4-Amrit Pani (5%) 116.0±0.0 4.2±0.0 61.4
T5-Bokashi (750 Kg Ha-1) 119.8±0.1 4.3±0.0 65.0
T6-Bokashi (1250 Kg Ha-1) 121.0±0.3 4.3±0.0 66.1
Mohan(2008)Hosur, India.
38
39. 39
Table 18: Tuber yield of potato influenced by organic sources of nutrients
Hooghly (West Bengal) Chettri et al. (2005)
Biodynamic compost= cowmanure + cow horn
39
Treatment Total tuber yield (q/ha)
T0 FYM @ 30 t/ha 212.60
T1 FYM @ 20 t/ha + biofertilizer
(Azotobacter + PSB)
224.36
T2 FYM @ 10 t/ha + biofertilizer
(Azotobacter + PSB)+Crop
residue of previous crop
243.59
T3 FYM @ 20 t/ha + biodynamics 220.94
T4 Biodynamics+biofertilizer
(Azotobacter + PSB)
268.70
T5 Control 207.8
CD at 5% 39.53
40. Treatment Tuber yield (q/ha)
Jaivic (5q/ha) 255
Neem cake (5q/ha) 270
Karanze cake (5q/ha) 252
Castor cake (5q/ha) 266
Mustard cake (5q/ha) 265
CD at 5% 5.0
40
Table 19: Effect of organic manures on the potato tuber yield
RAU, Pusa (Bihar) Mamta et al. (2005)
40
42. Treatments Fresh weight
of bulb (g)
Dry matter
(%)
Diameter
of bulb
(cm)
Bulb yield
(q/ha)
T1 FYM (25 t/ha) 48.26 10.00 5.13 321.76
T2 Vermi compost (5.0
t/ha)
53.97 10.25 5.47 359.79
T3 NADEP compost
(15.24 t/ha)
45.62 9.87 5.12 304.13
T4 Agrich (1.25 t/ha) 41.64 9.70 4.77 277.61
T5 Poultry manure (3.28
t/ha)
51.09 10.08 5.26 340.59
T6 Control 39.80 9.52 4.37 230.00
CD at 5% 2.29 0.345 0.46 4.83
42
Table 20: Influence of organic manure on growth and yield of onion.
Rewa (M.P.) Bose et al. (2006)
42
43. Table 21 : Effect of microbial inoculation on growth, yield and quality
of onion
Treatment Weight of
bulb (g)
Diameter of
bulb (cm)
Bulb yield
(q/ha)
Dry matter
content bulb/100g
of fresh weight (g)
T0
Control
136.6 5.46 242.4 3.6
T1
Azotobacter
147.1 5.9 280.4 3.9
T2
Azospirillum
140.8 5.9 268.2 3.8
CD at 5% 6.6 0.2 13.3 0.2
Shalimar (Srinagar) Rather et al. (2003)
43
44. Treatments Bulb yield (t/ha) Quality of bulbs
TSS (Brix) Sulphur %
A 1 (no Azospirillum) 19.06 9.39 0.440
A 2 (Azospirillum in nursery) 20.52 9.70 0.470
A 3 (Azospirillum in main
field)
20.13 9.68 0.470
CD= at 5% 0.22 0.37 0.009
V 1 (no VAM) 19.29 9.19 0.440
V 2 (VAM in nursery) 20.52 9.83 0.480
V 3 (VAM in main field) 19.97 9.75 0.470
CD at 5% 0.22 0.37 0.009
44
Table 22: Effect of Azospirillum and VAM on Onion
TNAU(Coimbatour) Gurubatham et al. (1989)
44
46. Table 23:Agronomic impacts of vermicompost, worms with
vermicompost vis-a-vis chemical fertilizer on growth
and development of potted okra plants
Treatment Av.
Vegeta
tive
growth
(in
inches)
Av. No.
of
fruits/p
lant
Av. Wt.
of
fruits/p
lant
Total
No.
of
fruits
Max.
Wt. of
one
fruit
1 Earthworms (50) +
Vermicompost (250 gm)
39.4 45 48 gm 225 70 gm
2 Vermicompost (250 gm) 29.6 36 42 gm 180 62 gm
3 Chemical Fertilizer
(NPK) (Full dose)
29.1 24 40 gm 125 48 gm
4 Control 25.6 22 32 gm 110 43 gm
Agarwal (1999)Jaipur (Rajasthan)
46
50. Table 26: Effect of different source of nutrients on
growth and yield of cabbage
50
Source of nutrients Head size (sq.cm.) Yield (t/ha)
FYM at 5 t/ha 359.61 69.264
FYM at 10 t/ha 344.17 69.155
FYM at 15 t/ha 345.06 71.745
FYM at 20 t/ha 391.27 76.116
Pressmusd at 5 t/ha 358.54 57.451
Pressmusd at 10 t/ha 335.69 61.635
Pressmusd at 15 t/ha 350.76 66.519
Pressmusd at 20 t/ha 350.32 70.931
NPK(120:60:60kg/ha) 339.40 68.045
CD at 5% 22.5 4.555
Source: texbook of organic farming for sustainable horticulture by P . Prvatha Reddy
50
51. Photo showing disease resistance in cauliflower induced by vermicompost
(A). Cauliflower grown on chemical fertilizers (Susceptible to diseases)
(B). Cauliflower grown on vermicompost (Resistant to diseases)
(Hazipur, Bihar, India. December 2008)
A B
51
63. 63
Issues and strategies of Organic Vegetable Farming in
India
The following issues and their viable strategies are
suggested to make organic vegetable production more
vibrant, dynamic, and responsive to changing consumer
demand both locally and globally as well.
1.The research for Organic farming in vegetable crops must
be on a system basis. It must be integrated one and
must not be looking at in isolation.
2. The task of research would be to produce technologies,
which can not only increase more food but also more
jobs and more incomes. That means, research must aim
at achieving triple goal of more job, more incomes and
more food.
63
64. 64
Con…
3. The research for organic farming should be focused on
developing technologies which may attract the vegetable
growers to adopt them, keeping in view of the requirements of
small holdings of resource poor small and marginal farmers.
4. The research should be in a holistic manner with long-term
evaluation of different organic substrates.
5. Identification of suitable cover crop and smother crop in a given
cropping system.
6. There should be strategy for monitoring of changes in
groundwater quality with references to heavy metal toxicity,
besides nitrate pollution.
7. Identification of soil improving crops under major agro-climatic
zone.
64
65. 65
Why total adoption of organic Farming of vegetable
crops is not feasible/ viable in India?
Though Organic Farming is one of the best approach
to get sustainability in the crop production, still some
constraints are there in adoption of Organic Farming in full
fledge under Indian conditions. It is because of following
reasons:
1. Organic farming is highly knowledge intensive farming.
So one has to keep pace with the dynamics of nature to
increase the biological productivity of the soil.
2. Organic inputs may be difficult to generate on the farm.
3. The organic produce may not find an early market as
most of the vegetables are perishable in nature.
4. Shifting to pure organic farming is a very time
consuming and laborious methods.
65
66. 66
5. Number of cattle households decreased gradually day by
day, causing scarcity of FYM.
6. Nutrient content is very low in organic sources. Varied
nutrient content in organic materials, so it becomes
difficult to farmers to calculate the actual amount of
organic materials to be added in soil.
7. Cattle dung, urine and farm wastes are to handle
manually.
8. The consumer need protection, so the Certification and
Inspection programme have to be Nationwide
9. There is lacking of adequate research & development
backup as well as training in Organic Farming in India.
10. Biological pest control is very knowledge intensive.
Con..
66
67. The modern form of organic farming is new
concept. However it is being popular in the world
speedily especially in developed countries. Organic
farming system is an alternative and appropriate
management system would help to improve soil
health environment thus increase the productive
levels and improve quality of vegetable crops. India
has tremendous potential to grow crops &
vegetables organically and emerge as a major
supplier of organic products in the world’s organic
market.
CONCLUSION
67
67