This document discusses organic fertilizers and their impacts on crop production. It provides background on the history of organic fertilizer use in farming. It defines organic fertilizers as those extracted from organic sources like animal waste, plant waste, poultry manure, compost, and municipal wastes. Examples of different types of organic fertilizers are described like cottonseed meal, molasses, green manures, fish emulsions, animal manures, bone meals, compost, farm yard manure, blood meal, and poultry manure. The benefits of organic fertilizers are highlighted such as increasing soil fertility, structure, and water holding capacity which leads to improved crop production.

1. ORGANIC FERTILZERS
&
THEIR IMPACTS
ON
CROP PRODUCTION
PRESENTED BY
07, 08, 28, 54, 62
ASSIGNED BY
Dr. Ahmad Sher
&
Dr. Tauqeer Ahmed
Yasir

2. LET’S DISCUSS ABOUT
HISTORY
• FARMERS HAD GREAT SKILL IN THE USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN THEIR CROPS.
• IT IS SAID THAT SOLDIERS IN THE ARMY DISCOVERED THAT WHEAT IN ABANDONED
YARDS GREW MUCH BETTER THAN WHEAT IN OTHER PARTS OF THE FARM,
INDICATING THE USEFULNESS OF HORSE MANURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
CROPS.
• INDIANS USED TO BURY SPOILED FISH BENEATH THEIR CORN PLANTS, TO GET
BETTER YIELDS.
• IT WAS COMMON FOR PEOPLE TO BURN BUSHES AND GRASSES, AND THEN SOW
THEIR CROPS BENEATH THE ASHES TO GET BETTER HARVESTS.
• IT WAS A COMMON PRACTICE ON FARMS IN MANY ASIAN COUNTRIES ABOUT 30-40
YEARS AGO TO USE LIVESTOCK MANURE FOR MAKING COMPOST, TO FERTILIZE

3. WHAT ARE ORGANIC
FERTILIZERS…?
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
ARE FERTILIZERS THAT ARE
EXTRACTED FROM ORGANIC SOURCES (ANIMAL’S
WASTE, PLANT’S WASTE, POULTRY MANURE,
COMPOST, MUNICIPAL WASTES etc.)

4. Composition of Different Manures
Material % (Oven Dried Weight)
N P K
1- Animal and human excreta
Buffalo Dung 1.23 0.55 0.69
Buffalo Urine 2.05 0.01 3.78
Cattle Dung 1.91 0.56 1.4
Cattle Urine 9.74 0.05 7.78
Sheep Dung 1.87 0.79 0.92
Sheep Urine 9.9 0.1 12.31
Human Feces 7.24 1.72 2.41
Human Urine 17.24 1.57 4.86
2- Farm Yard Manure 0.3 0.21 0.68
3- Compost 1.1 0.29 1.37
4- Crop Residues
Wheat straw 0.49 0.11 1.06
Rce straw 0.58 0.1 1.38
Cotton stalks and leaves 0.88 0.15 1.45
Sugarcane trassh 0.35 0.04 0.5

5. Material %Nitrogen %Phosphate %Potash Availability*
Alfalfa 2-3 0.5-1 1-2 slow/mod.
Bone meal 1-6 11-30 0 moderate
Blood meal 12 1-2 0-1 rapid
Cottonseed meal 6 3 1 slow
Fish meal 6-12 3-7 2-5 rapid
Grass clippings 1-2 0-0.5 1-2 moderate
Kelp seaweed 1-1.5 0.5-1 5-10 moderate
Manures: Cattle 2-3 0.5-1 1-2 moderate
Horse 1-2 0.5-1 1-2 slow
Swine 2-3 0.5-1 1-2 rapid
Poultry 3-4 1-2 1-2 rapid
Sheep 3-4 0.5-1 2-3 moderate
Sawdust 0-1 0-0.5 0-1 very slow
Sewage sludge 2-6 1-4 0-1 moderate
Straw/corn stalks 0-0.5 0-0.5 1 very slow
Wood ashes 0 1-2 3-7 rapid

6. ORGANIC VS CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
Organic fertilizers Chemical fertilizers
ADVANTAGES Adds natural nutrients to soil,
increases soil organic matter,
improves soil structure and tilth,
improves water holding capacity,
reduces soil crusting problems,
reduces erosion from wind and water,
Slow and consistent release of
nutrients.
Chemical fertilizers are
rich equally in three
essential nutrients that
are needed for crops and
always ready for
immediate supply of
nutrients to plants if
situation demands.
DISADVANTA
GES
Have slow release capability;
distribution of nutrients in organic
fertilizers is not equal.
Several chemical
fertilizers have high acid
content. They have the
ability to burn the plants.
NUTRIENTS Have unequal distribution of essential
nutrients.
Have equal distribution of
three essential nutrients:

7. TYPES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
ON THE BASIS OF THEIR ORIGIN
• COTTONSEED MEAL
• MOLASSES
• GREEN MANURES (LEGUMES, ALFALFA, )
• FISH EMULSIONS
• ANIMAL MANURES
• BONE MEALS
• COMPOST
• FARM YARD MANURE
• BLOOD MEAL
• POULTRY MANURE
• PRESS MUD

8. COTTONSEED MEAL
• A BY-PRODUCT OF COTTON MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES, COTTONSEED MEAL AS A FERTILIZER
FOR THE GARDEN IS SLOW RELEASE.
• COTTONSEED MEAL VARIES IN FORMULATION
SLIGHTLY, BUT IS GENERALLY MADE UP OF 7%
NITROGEN, 3% P2O5, AND 2% K2O.
• DUE TO ITS SLOW RELEASE TIME, COTTONSEED
MEAL FEED IS SAFE TO USE WITHOUT DANGER OF
POSSIBLE FOLIAGE BURN.
• PROMOTES HEALTHY FOLIAGE, INCREASES CROP
PRODUCTION

9. MOLASSES
• MOLASSES IS THE BY-PRODUCT OF SUGARCANE,
GRAPES OR SUGAR BEETS AFTER EXTRACTING
SUGAR.
• MOLASSES IS HIGH IN CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM,
IRON AND POTASSIUM. IT ALSO CONTAINS SULFUR
AND A HOST OF MICRONUTRIENTS.
• USING MOLASSES AS FERTILIZER PROVIDES PLANTS
WITH A QUICK SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS AND
ENCOURAGES THE GROWTH OF BENEFICIAL
MICROORGANISMS.

10. GREEN
MANURES
• GREEN MANURES INCLUDE BEANS, PEAS, ALFALFA, RED CLOVER, OR COWPEAS.
• THEY STORE NITROGEN IN NODULES ON THE ROOTS.
• THE PLANT FIX NITROGEN GAS FROM THE AIR AND COMBINES IT WITH HYDROGEN.
THE PROCESS CREATES AMMONIA, WHICH IS CONVERTED BY BACTERIA INTO
NITRATES, A USABLE FORM OF NITROGEN.
• ONCE THE PLANTS ARE TILLED INTO THE SOIL, THEY RELEASE THE NITROGEN INTO
THE EARTH.
• THIS IMPROVES THE SOIL AND PROVIDES SUPPLEMENTAL NITROGEN THAT WAS
REMOVED BY OTHER PLANT’S GROWTH.
• THEY ALSO HELP PREVENT SOIL EROSION AS THEY ARE USED AS COVER CROPS.

11. 1. Incorporating green
manures
2. Alfalfa
3. Red clover
1.
2.
3.

12. FARM YARD
MANURES
• MANURE FOR THE GARDEN COMES FROM
COW, SHEEP, POULTRY AND HORSES.
• MANURE IS KNOWN AS A “COMPLETE
FERTILIZER”; IT HAS A LOT OF ORGANIC
MATTER.
• MANURES ARE MOST VALUABLE
AS ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS AND
MULCHES.
NOTE: BEWARE OF USING FRESH MANURE
AS A FERTILIZER BECAUSE IT CAN BURN
PLANTS.

13. POULTRY MANURE
• CHICKEN MANURE IS THE FECES
OF CHICKENS USED AS AN
ORGANIC FERTILIZER, ESPECIALLY
FOR SOIL LOW IN NITROGEN.
• OF ALL ANIMAL MANURES, IT HAS
THE HIGHEST AMOUNT OF
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND
POTASSIUM.
• ONE CHICKEN PRODUCES
APPROXIMATELY 8-11 POUNDS
OF MANURE MONTHLY.
A chicken manure sample being collected for a nutrient

14. PRESS MUD
• PRESSMUD IS AN INDUSTRIAL WASTE AVAILABLE FROM THE SUGAR MILLS.
• FOR EVERY 100 TONNES OF SUGARCANE CRUSHED ABOUT 3 TONES
OF PRESSMUD IS LEFT BEHIND AS BY-PRODUCT.

15. BLOOD MEAL
• BLOOD MEAL IS DRIED, POWDERED BLOOD
COLLECTED FROM CATTLE
SLAUGHTERHOUSES.
• IT’S SUCH A RICH SOURCE OF NITROGEN
THAT GARDENERS HAVE TO BE CAREFUL
NOT TO OVER-APPLY AND BURN THE
ROOTS OF THEIR PLANTS.
• APPLY BLOOD MEAL JUST BEFORE PLANTING
TO STIMULATE GREEN LEAFY GROWTH.

16. BONE MEAL
• BONE MEAL IS FINELY GROUND
BONE, A BY-PRODUCT FROM
ANIMAL SLAUGHTERHOUSES.
• IT IS A GREAT SOURCE OF CALCIUM
AND CONTAINS UP TO 15%
PHOSPHATE.
• BONE MEAL PROMOTES STRONG
ROOT SYSTEMS AND FLOWERING.
• IT IS OFTEN USED WHEN GROWING
FLOWERS, BULBS AND FRUIT TREES.

17. FISH EMULSION
• FISH EMULSION IS AN ORGANIC GARDEN
FERTILIZER THAT IS MADE FROM WHOLE
FISH OR PARTS OF FISH.
• IT PROVIDES AN NPK RATIO OF 4-1-1
AND IS MOST OFTEN USED AS FOLIAR
FEED TO PROVIDE A QUICK NITROGEN
BOOST.

18. IMPACT ON CROP PRODUCTION
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ARE IMPORTANT FOR FOLLOWING PROCESSES:
• INCREASE FERTILITY OF SOIL
• INCREASE PHYSICAL CHARACTERS OF SOIL
• INCREASE WATER HOLDING CAPACITY
• INCREASE MICROBIAL ACTIVITY
THESE FOUR PROCESSES THEN HELPS CROPS TO GIVE A BETTER
PRODUCTION

19. BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
• NON-TOXIC FOOD: USE OF THESE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ENSURES THAT THE
FOOD ITEMS PRODUCED ARE FREE OF HARMFUL CHEMICALS. AS A RESULT, THE
END CONSUMERS WHO EAT THESE ORGANIC PRODUCTS ARE LESS PRONE TO
DISEASES SUCH AS CANCER, STROKES, AND SKIN DISORDERS, AS COMPARED TO
THOSE WHO CONSUME FOOD ITEMS PRODUCED USING CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS.
• ON-FARM PRODUCTION: THE MAJORITY OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS CAN BE
PREPARED LOCALLY OR ON THE FARM ITSELF. HENCE, THE COST OF THESE
FERTILIZERS IS MUCH LOWER THAN THE COST OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS.

20. BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
• LOW CAPITAL INVESTMENT: ORGANIC FERTILIZERS HELP IN MAINTAINING THE
SOIL STRUCTURE AND INCREASING ITS NUTRIENT-HOLDING CAPACITY.
THEREFORE, A FARMER WHO HAS PRACTICED ORGANIC FARMING FOR MANY
YEARS WILL REQUIRE FAR LESS FERTILIZER, BECAUSE HIS SOIL IS ALREADY RICH
IN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS.
• SAFE ENVIRONMENT: ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ARE EASILY DEGRADABLE AND DO
NOT CAUSE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION.

21. BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
• FERTILITY OF SOIL: ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ENSURE THAT THE FARMS REMAIN
FERTILE FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS. LAND LOCATED AT THE SITE OF ANCIENT
CIVILIZATIONS, SUCH AS INDIA AND CHINA, ARE STILL FERTILE, EVEN THOUGH
AGRICULTURE HAS BEEN PRACTICED THERE FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
• THE FERTILITY IS MAINTAINED BECAUSE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS WERE ALWAYS
USED IN THE PAST. HOWEVER, WITH THE INCREASED USE OF CHEMICAL
FERTILIZERS TODAY, LAND IS RAPIDLY BECOMING INFERTILE, FORCING MANY
FARMERS TO FURTHER INCREASE THEIR USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS OR EVEN
LEAVE THE FARMING INDUSTRY ENTIRELY.

22. REFERENCES
• HTTP://WWW.GARDENINGKNOWHOW.COM/GARDEN-HOW-TO/SOIL-FERTILIZERS/COTTONSEED-
MEAL-FERTILIZER.HTM
• HTTP://WWW.GARDENINGKNOWHOW.COM/GARDEN-HOW-TO/SOIL-FERTILIZERS/FEEDING-PLANTS-
WITH-MOLASSES.HTM
• HTTPS://WWW.PLANETNATURAL.COM/BIG-STINK/
• HTTP://WWW.GARDENINGKNOWHOW.COM/EDIBLE/VEGETABLES/VGEN/WHAT-ARE-LEGUMES.HTM
• HTTP://WWW.GARDENINGKNOWHOW.COM/GARDEN-HOW-TO/SOIL-FERTILIZERS/USING-KELP-
FERTILIZER.HTM
• HTTP://WWW.GARDENINGKNOWHOW.COM/GARDEN-HOW-TO/SOIL-FERTILIZERS/FISH-EMULSION-
FERTILIZER.HTM
• HTTPS://WWW.ORGANICFACTS.NET/ORGANIC-PRODUCTS/ORGANIC-CULTIVATION/BENEFITS-OF-
ORGANIC-FERTILIZERS.HTML
• HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/ORGANIC_FERTILIZER
• HTTP://WWW.DIFFEN.COM/DIFFERENCE/CHEMICAL_FERTILIZER_VS_ORGANIC_FERTILIZER

23. SPEAK ONLY,
WHEN YOU FEEL THAT
YOUR WORDS ARE BETTER
THAN YOUR
SILENCE…!