This document discusses how plants provide food for humans and other organisms. It explains that plants produce glucose through photosynthesis, and their leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and fruits can be eaten. It also describes how plants get nutrients from soil through mineral salts, and how farmers use fertilizers to supplement soil nutrients and increase crop yields. The document outlines how weeds compete with crops for resources, and how farmers use herbicides to control weeds. It discusses how pests damage crops, and how farmers use pesticides, though these can harm other organisms and accumulate up food chains. The example of DDT in a lake food chain shows how a toxin concentrated and led to the decline of bird populations.
1. Microbes are everywhere!
There are more microbes in a teaspoon of soil than there are people on earth. In fact, according to this Ohio State article, “Soils contain about 8-to-15 tons of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, earthworms and arthropods.
2. Losing Soils
President D. Roosevelt once said, “a nation that destroys its soils destroys itself. Forests are the lungs of our land, purifying the air and giving fresh strength to our people.” Yet despite its importance, we have lost about half of the topsoil on the planet over the last 150 years. According to University of Sydney Scientific Director, Dr. John Crawford in an interview in Time Magazine, “a rough calculation of current rates of soil degradation suggests we have about 60 years of topsoil left. Some 40% of soil used for agriculture around the world is classed as either degraded or seriously degraded.”
3. Fertilizer Factories & Shields
“Microbes are like mini Fertilizer factories,” explains Dr. Robert Neidermyer, Holganix Director of Plant & Soil Science. For example, microbes like Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria release nutrients locked in the soil and make them available to the plant. Fungi like Mycorrhizae, travel across large swaths of soil to hunt down nutrients and water for plants. Further, having a diverse amount of bacteria and fungi allow the microbes to help protect plants from harmful pathogens.
4. Largest Organism On Earth
Mycorrhizae Fungi form synergistic relationships with trees. In exchange for sugars excreted by the plant, mycorrhizae produce thousands of linear miles of “hyphae” in soil to mine nutrients and water for plants. In fact, the largest organism on earth is a 2.5 mile-wide Honey Mushroom (Armillarea ostoyae).
5. We Are More Bacteria Than Human
Humans are about 95% bacteria and 5% human. The consortium of all microbes that live on and within humans is called our MicroBiome.
Ek Titli is a Pune based startup assisting farm & home owners with design and setup of landscaped organic gardens. The packaged service “Earth Gardens” has been implemented for 50K sqft of farms in Mumbai, Pune & Gujrat. Expansion plans into retail segment in the organic products space.
1. Microbes are everywhere!
There are more microbes in a teaspoon of soil than there are people on earth. In fact, according to this Ohio State article, “Soils contain about 8-to-15 tons of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, earthworms and arthropods.
2. Losing Soils
President D. Roosevelt once said, “a nation that destroys its soils destroys itself. Forests are the lungs of our land, purifying the air and giving fresh strength to our people.” Yet despite its importance, we have lost about half of the topsoil on the planet over the last 150 years. According to University of Sydney Scientific Director, Dr. John Crawford in an interview in Time Magazine, “a rough calculation of current rates of soil degradation suggests we have about 60 years of topsoil left. Some 40% of soil used for agriculture around the world is classed as either degraded or seriously degraded.”
3. Fertilizer Factories & Shields
“Microbes are like mini Fertilizer factories,” explains Dr. Robert Neidermyer, Holganix Director of Plant & Soil Science. For example, microbes like Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria release nutrients locked in the soil and make them available to the plant. Fungi like Mycorrhizae, travel across large swaths of soil to hunt down nutrients and water for plants. Further, having a diverse amount of bacteria and fungi allow the microbes to help protect plants from harmful pathogens.
4. Largest Organism On Earth
Mycorrhizae Fungi form synergistic relationships with trees. In exchange for sugars excreted by the plant, mycorrhizae produce thousands of linear miles of “hyphae” in soil to mine nutrients and water for plants. In fact, the largest organism on earth is a 2.5 mile-wide Honey Mushroom (Armillarea ostoyae).
5. We Are More Bacteria Than Human
Humans are about 95% bacteria and 5% human. The consortium of all microbes that live on and within humans is called our MicroBiome.
Ek Titli is a Pune based startup assisting farm & home owners with design and setup of landscaped organic gardens. The packaged service “Earth Gardens” has been implemented for 50K sqft of farms in Mumbai, Pune & Gujrat. Expansion plans into retail segment in the organic products space.
Microbes in Soil Essential to Plant Growth, Scientists SayMabel_Berry
It’s now widely accepted by scientists that organisms in the soil are significant factors in plant health. An agricultural scientist and professor, Phil Robertson, said these organisms form a small world in the soil they live in. They decompose dead greens and creatures and redistribute their nutrients to growing plants. These organisms are likened to the ones found in the gut, which aid in digestion.
Genetic Engineering in Insect Pest management Mohd Irshad
gene incorporation is gaining attention across the globe with the aim of improving plant health, crop protection, and sustainable crop production. This versatile method of Scientific cultivation should be adopted by the growers as it has been investigated and assessed by experts and environmentalists. There is not any kind of toxic effect on mammalian.
Crop planning for sustainable vegetable production 2016 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
A step-by-step approach to closing the planning circle, so that you can produce crops when you want them and in the right quantities, so you can sell them where and when you need to and support yourself with a rewarding livelihood while replenishing the soil. Never repeat the same mistake two years running!
Microbes in Soil Essential to Plant Growth, Scientists SayMabel_Berry
It’s now widely accepted by scientists that organisms in the soil are significant factors in plant health. An agricultural scientist and professor, Phil Robertson, said these organisms form a small world in the soil they live in. They decompose dead greens and creatures and redistribute their nutrients to growing plants. These organisms are likened to the ones found in the gut, which aid in digestion.
Genetic Engineering in Insect Pest management Mohd Irshad
gene incorporation is gaining attention across the globe with the aim of improving plant health, crop protection, and sustainable crop production. This versatile method of Scientific cultivation should be adopted by the growers as it has been investigated and assessed by experts and environmentalists. There is not any kind of toxic effect on mammalian.
Crop planning for sustainable vegetable production 2016 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
A step-by-step approach to closing the planning circle, so that you can produce crops when you want them and in the right quantities, so you can sell them where and when you need to and support yourself with a rewarding livelihood while replenishing the soil. Never repeat the same mistake two years running!
Detailed Lesson Plan (ENGLISH, MATH, SCIENCE, FILIPINO)Junnie Salud
Thanks everybody! The lesson plans presented were actually outdated and can still be improved. I was also a college student when I did these. There were minor errors but the important thing is, the structure and flow of activities (for an hour-long class) are included here. I appreciate all of your comments! Please like my fan page on facebook search for JUNNIE SALUD.
*The detailed LP for English is from Ms. Juliana Patricia Tenzasas. I just revised it a little.
For questions about education-related matters, you can directly email me at mr_junniesalud@yahoo.com
This PPT talks about the indications of a few types of pollutions and the impact of various farming activities on the environment. It also talks about the poison in food chain.
This is a few powerpoints during our problem presentation on our Research class :) I shared this here so that I could post a link to the powerpoints we made on our blog.
Middle School Science - an introduction to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in an ecosystem. Using DDT as an example and organic controls that can be used instead.
What is the importance of organic Biopesticides in farmingShivaniPadole
Biopesticides are derivatives of plants, microorganisms and insects. Substances from plants and animals have been utilized to manage disorder in crops, animals and humans. Reliance on nature to mend nature is a practice for many people around the world. Use of natural products was overtaken by synthetic chemicals due to their effectiveness, reliability and fast knocks down effect. However, Organic pesticides have become a health risk for humans and environment due to their harmful and pollution.
What is the importance of organic Biopesticides in farmingShivaniPadole
Biopesticides are derivatives of plants, microorganisms and insects. Substances from plants and animals have been utilized to manage disorder in crops, animals and humans. Reliance on nature to mend nature is a practice for many people around the world. Use of natural products was overtaken by synthetic chemicals due to their effectiveness, reliability and fast knocks down effect. However, Organic pesticides have become a health risk for humans and environment due to their harmful and pollution.
BIO 1100, Non-Majors Biology 1 Course Learning Outcom.docxaryan532920
BIO 1100, Non-Majors Biology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
1. Evaluate concepts of basic biological sciences.
1.1 Identify various aspects of photosynthesis.
1.2 Categorize plants.
7. Evaluate relationships between living organisms and nonliving factors in ecosystems.
7.1 Compare and contrast sustainable and unsustainable farming practices.
7.2 Evaluate the effects of excess carbon dioxide and the effect on greenhouse gases.
8. Apply lab simulations and activities for further scientific understanding.
8.1 Interpret and record data.
8.2 Examine various effects of transpiration on plants.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 5:
Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Global Warming
Chapter 23:
Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter 24:
Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology
Unit Lesson
This unit includes information from Chapters 5, 23, and 24. The materials in these chapters will help you
understand the important relationship between plants and the survival of the human race. You will learn what
plants need in order to grow and about agricultural practices that provide food to humans. In addition, you will
learn about the various plant structures and their functions. You will also learn about the future of agriculture.
We know that past and present agricultural practices have caused damage to the environment. How can we
reduce this damage, or can we?
At least three times a day, we sit down and eat. Do you ever really think about what you eat—not just whether
it is good for you, or if it is a vegetable, but what it is made of? In early chapters, we learned that there are two
types of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We learned that eukaryotes are fungi, protists, plants, and
animals. We eat a lot of eukaryotic organisms. What do you think makes up most of what you eat? If you are
eating a healthy diet, the majority of your food comes from plants. Even if you ate no plants at all, whatever
you are eating ate a plant or another organism, which probably ate a plant. What is the point? The point is
that plants are important. We have to have food. Is that all we get from plants? Do plants just look nice and
provide us with food?
In Chapter 5, you will learn about the delicate relationship between plants (through photosynthesis) and
humans (through cellular respiration). Plants provide us with the sugars and oxygen that we need in order to
synthesize ATP, or energy. Plants are required for our survival. Recently, you have probably heard a lot in the
news about the greenhouse effect and global warming. There has been, and currently still is, a debate among
scientists, politicians, and other groups of whether or not global warming exists. As productive members of
society, you need to develop an understanding of these concepts. In this unit, you will learn about the
greenhouse effect and the gases that play an important role in the environment.
UNIT VIII STUD ...
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. Plants for Food Plants as food Fertilizers and competition Pests and pesticides LOs
3. Humans in food chains Humans eat many different foods and so are at the top of many food chains. What are the food chains for the ingredients in this slice of pizza? What do these and all food chains have in common? wheat (bread) human grass cow’s milk (cheese) human tomato human pepper human
4. Plants as producers All food chains start with a producer . glucose light energy chlorophyll carbon dioxide water oxygen Plants are called producers because they produce the food that humans and all other consumers depend on. How do plants make their food? Plants use light energy to carry out photosynthesis: The glucose produced by plants is converted into starch for storage or used to make proteins, fats and other substances. Which parts of plants can be eaten?
5. Food from plants Plants provide food in many different forms – some foods are from the leaf , the stem or the root of a plant, others are the seed or the fruit of a plant. Which parts of plants are these foods from?
7. Contents Plants for Food Plants as food Fertilizers and competition Summary activities Pests and pesticides WALT
8.
9. Fertilizers and plant growth Farmers add chemicals called fertilizers to soil to make sure that their crops get enough mineral salts. Manufactured fertilizers can be expensive. So why do farmers choose to use them? Plants take in mineral salts from the soil and in time there are less nutrients available in the soil. Fertilizers help crops to grow well and so increase the farmer’s crop yield. What other types of fertilizer are there?
10. Competition between plants Organisms that share a habitat have to compete with each other for limited living resources. A weed is any plant that is growing in the wrong place. Weeds are a problem for farmers as they compete with the crops for resources such as light, water, living space and mineral salts. How does competition affect the growth of crops?
11. Controlling weeds Weeds compete with crops for living resources and this can reduce crop yield. What can farmers do to control weeds? One way farmers can control weeds is to use chemicals called herbicides (or weedkillers ). Weeds are part of the food web. How might using herbicides affect other organisms in the food web?
12. Contents Plants for Food Plants as food Fertilizers and competition Summary activities Pests and pesticides WALT
13.
14. Controlling pests What can farmers do to control pests? One method of pest control is the use of pesticides that kill pests. Pesticides contain poisonous chemicals called toxins. What are the advantages and disadvantages of pesticides? Pesticides can kill useful animals as well as the pests that they were meant to kill. Pests are part of the food web and the toxins in pesticides can affect other organisms in a food chain or food web.
15. Pesticide in a food chain Introducing a pesticide at the bottom of a food chain can have huge effects on the organisms above. Consider the following food chain from a lake: A pesticide called DDT was sprayed on the lake to control mosquito larvae. DDT is a toxin that does not break down in the environment and so stays in animals’ bodies if it is eaten. The plant plankton at the bottom of the food chain absorbed some of the DDT from the water. How did this affect the rest of the food chain? plant plankton zooplankton small fish large fish grebe (bird)
16. Pesticide in a food chain Each zooplankton ate lots of plant plankton and got several doses of DDT. Each zooplankton contained 5 ppm of DDT. Each small fish ate many zooplankton and so consumed even more DDT. How much DDT do you think each small fish contained? Each small fish contained 10 ppm of DDT. plant plankton zooplankton small fish large fish grebe (bird) DDT absorbed 5 ppm 10 ppm
17. Pesticide in a food chain Each large fish ate several small fish and so consumed even more DDT. How much DDT do you think each large fish contained? Each large fish had 250 ppm of DDT in it. Each grebe ate several large fish therefore getting more than one dose of DDT. How much DDT do you think each grebe contained? plant plankton zooplankton small fish large fish grebe (bird) DDT absorbed 5 ppm 10 ppm 250 ppm
18. Pesticide in a food chain Each grebe had the amazing amount of 1600 ppm of DDT in its tissue which could kill the bird. In most cases, this amount of toxin made the birds’ eggs have very thin shells. These eggs broke very easily and so not many chicks were born alive. This example is actually based on real events that took place in the USA in the 1950s. It shows how a toxin can be passed on in a food chain and gets more concentrated at each step. plant plankton zooplankton small fish large fish grebe (bird) DDT absorbed 5 ppm 10 ppm 250 ppm 1600 ppm This is called bioaccumulation .
19. Pesticide in a food chain DDT lead to the decline many species of birds. What do these pyramids of numbers show about the effect of spraying the lake with the toxin DDT on the numbers of organism in a food chain? grebe (bird) large fish small fish zooplankton plankton before spraying after spraying
20. Pesticide in a food chain DDT was considered as a safe pesticide when it was first used to kill insect pests. The problem was that DDT does not break down in the environment and the levels of this toxin that built up in top carnivores proved to be a major hazard. Alternative chemicals are now used as pesticides instead of DDT. These new pesticides break down quickly in the environment . Why aren’t these new pesticides hazardous to wildlife? Today, many countries, including the UK, have banned the use of DDT to protect the environment.
21. Contents Plants for Food Plants as food Fertilizers and competition Summary activities Pests and pesticides WALT
