This document summarizes the key findings of a study that analyzed Indian government support for the energy sector from fiscal year 2014 to 2022. Some of the main findings include:
- Total estimated government energy subsidies in FY 2022 were at least INR 5 lakh crore (USD 68 billion), though fossil fuel subsidies remained four times higher than clean energy subsidies.
- Revenues from energy taxes and duties totaled INR 9 lakh crore (USD 120 billion) in FY 2022, with the majority coming from taxes on diesel and petrol.
- The estimated social costs of energy from factors like air pollution, climate change, and road damage were at least four times higher than the government's energy
Vibrant Gujarat Summit Profile for Energy Spectrum SectorVibrant Gujarat
• Policies at the central government and state government level are the main growth drivers of solar energy sector
• Regulations like Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPOs) inclusion with favourable policies play a major role in growth of the solar sector
• Gujarat was the first state to release the solar policy in year 2009. In 2010 MNRE launched the Jawaharlal Nehru National solar Mission (JNNSM) with the objective to add 20 GW of solar power projects by the year. State wise split of solar power projects (MW) JNNSM Capacity addition target 2022.
This document discusses India's climate change initiatives and expectations for financing from the upcoming Paris Climate Summit. It notes that the summit provides an opportunity to craft a fair agreement for implementing the UNFCCC. For developing countries like India, one key issue is strengthening climate finance and ensuring developed countries provide financial support. India has invested over $230 billion in its National Action Plan on Climate Change and state-level plans. It estimates needing $2.5 trillion between now and 2030 to meet its climate goals. At the summit, India will look for an equitable agreement that upholds the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and fulfills developed countries' financing commitments.
ELECTRICITY SUBSIDY AND A JUST ENERGY TRANSITION IN TAMIL NADUAurovilleConsulting
To address climate change, to promote adaptation and resilience, to eliminate energy poverty, and to ensure a just energy transition, countries and states will have to mobilise substantial financial resources. A recent study estimated that India will need to invest a 900 billion USD over the next 30 years to ensure a ‘just energy transition’ (Bushan 2023). While developed countries have pledged to provide climate finance to developing countries, these pledges have not been fulfilled, or are very slow to arrive, or are insufficient. Developing countries will need to find additional and alternative resources to accelerate the decarbonization of its economies and to invest into climate adaptation. The United Nations (2022) has outlined a few interventions that can help in accelerating a just energy transition. These include:
to make renewable energy technologies a public good,
to shift energy subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy, and
to triple investments into renewables.
In 2009, G20 members committed to phasing out and rationalizing fossil fuel subsidies in the medium term (Reuters 2009). But as of 2022, fossil fuel subsidies have not been phased out, neither have they been reduced; instead, fossil fuel subsidies exceeded USD 1 trillion globally for the first time. This is largely due to governments’ increased subsidies to cushion consumers from rising energy prices (IISD 2023).
Energy subsidies are found in virtually every country. Justifications for their use range from social welfare protection, job creation, encouragement of renewable energy sources, promotion of economic development, to energy security. However, it may be worth examining some of the current energy subsidy schemes asking if and to what extent these subsidy schemes are contributing to a just energy transition and to what extent these subsidies align with the proposed three interventions by the UN.
Read the full report here: https://www.aurovilleconsulting.com/electricity-subsidy-and-a-just-energy-transition-in-tamil-nadu/
Session 7a: Part I -Towards a net-zero electricity sector- Lucky Lontoh-IISDOECD Environment
Indonesia has committed to enhancing its emissions reduction targets and transitioning to renewable energy sources. It aims for 23% renewable energy by 2025 and 34% by 2030. However, currently fossil fuels receive 65% of energy sector investment while renewables only receive 8%. The Just Energy Transition Partnership aims to shift financing towards renewables by providing concessional loans of around 3% interest. Indonesia previously reformed its fossil fuel subsidies in 2015. Studies have identified various fossil fuel subsidies still in place and recommend changing pricing mechanisms, accounting for externalities, accelerating renewables, and encouraging a paradigm shift away from fossil fuel support.
India has been increasing its reliance on imported fossil fuels to meet growing energy demand, straining natural resources and creating fuel security issues. Renewable energy sources like wind and solar are well-suited to address these problems. Government policies have promoted renewable energy development through incentives and initiatives like the National Solar Mission. Wind is currently the leading renewable technology in India, with solar power also experiencing significant growth in recent years due to favorable policies. The state of Karnataka has high renewable energy potential but also suffers from substantial power deficits, making it an important market for further renewable development.
Rapid economic growth in India has increased demand for power but the country faces shortages and inefficiencies in meeting this demand. If India continues growing at 8% annually, power demand will exceed current estimates and reach 315-335 GW by 2017, requiring capacity addition to increase 5 to 10 times faster than current rates. A new, comprehensive 10-point program is needed to transform the sector by addressing issues of project viability, fuel supplies, capacity addition pace, and operational inefficiencies. This includes reducing distribution losses, creating market mechanisms, preparing project sites, developing fuel supply infrastructure, and improving plant productivity. Strong governance will also be required for successful implementation of the program to power India's economic growth.
Presentation made by United International University Professor and Vice Chancellor Dr M Rezwan Khan and Maliha Shahjahan from Practical Action Consulting at the "Low Carbon Options in South Asia" workshop held in Nepal in August 2014.
Vibrant Gujarat Summit Profile for Energy Spectrum SectorVibrant Gujarat
• Policies at the central government and state government level are the main growth drivers of solar energy sector
• Regulations like Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPOs) inclusion with favourable policies play a major role in growth of the solar sector
• Gujarat was the first state to release the solar policy in year 2009. In 2010 MNRE launched the Jawaharlal Nehru National solar Mission (JNNSM) with the objective to add 20 GW of solar power projects by the year. State wise split of solar power projects (MW) JNNSM Capacity addition target 2022.
This document discusses India's climate change initiatives and expectations for financing from the upcoming Paris Climate Summit. It notes that the summit provides an opportunity to craft a fair agreement for implementing the UNFCCC. For developing countries like India, one key issue is strengthening climate finance and ensuring developed countries provide financial support. India has invested over $230 billion in its National Action Plan on Climate Change and state-level plans. It estimates needing $2.5 trillion between now and 2030 to meet its climate goals. At the summit, India will look for an equitable agreement that upholds the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and fulfills developed countries' financing commitments.
ELECTRICITY SUBSIDY AND A JUST ENERGY TRANSITION IN TAMIL NADUAurovilleConsulting
To address climate change, to promote adaptation and resilience, to eliminate energy poverty, and to ensure a just energy transition, countries and states will have to mobilise substantial financial resources. A recent study estimated that India will need to invest a 900 billion USD over the next 30 years to ensure a ‘just energy transition’ (Bushan 2023). While developed countries have pledged to provide climate finance to developing countries, these pledges have not been fulfilled, or are very slow to arrive, or are insufficient. Developing countries will need to find additional and alternative resources to accelerate the decarbonization of its economies and to invest into climate adaptation. The United Nations (2022) has outlined a few interventions that can help in accelerating a just energy transition. These include:
to make renewable energy technologies a public good,
to shift energy subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy, and
to triple investments into renewables.
In 2009, G20 members committed to phasing out and rationalizing fossil fuel subsidies in the medium term (Reuters 2009). But as of 2022, fossil fuel subsidies have not been phased out, neither have they been reduced; instead, fossil fuel subsidies exceeded USD 1 trillion globally for the first time. This is largely due to governments’ increased subsidies to cushion consumers from rising energy prices (IISD 2023).
Energy subsidies are found in virtually every country. Justifications for their use range from social welfare protection, job creation, encouragement of renewable energy sources, promotion of economic development, to energy security. However, it may be worth examining some of the current energy subsidy schemes asking if and to what extent these subsidy schemes are contributing to a just energy transition and to what extent these subsidies align with the proposed three interventions by the UN.
Read the full report here: https://www.aurovilleconsulting.com/electricity-subsidy-and-a-just-energy-transition-in-tamil-nadu/
Session 7a: Part I -Towards a net-zero electricity sector- Lucky Lontoh-IISDOECD Environment
Indonesia has committed to enhancing its emissions reduction targets and transitioning to renewable energy sources. It aims for 23% renewable energy by 2025 and 34% by 2030. However, currently fossil fuels receive 65% of energy sector investment while renewables only receive 8%. The Just Energy Transition Partnership aims to shift financing towards renewables by providing concessional loans of around 3% interest. Indonesia previously reformed its fossil fuel subsidies in 2015. Studies have identified various fossil fuel subsidies still in place and recommend changing pricing mechanisms, accounting for externalities, accelerating renewables, and encouraging a paradigm shift away from fossil fuel support.
India has been increasing its reliance on imported fossil fuels to meet growing energy demand, straining natural resources and creating fuel security issues. Renewable energy sources like wind and solar are well-suited to address these problems. Government policies have promoted renewable energy development through incentives and initiatives like the National Solar Mission. Wind is currently the leading renewable technology in India, with solar power also experiencing significant growth in recent years due to favorable policies. The state of Karnataka has high renewable energy potential but also suffers from substantial power deficits, making it an important market for further renewable development.
Rapid economic growth in India has increased demand for power but the country faces shortages and inefficiencies in meeting this demand. If India continues growing at 8% annually, power demand will exceed current estimates and reach 315-335 GW by 2017, requiring capacity addition to increase 5 to 10 times faster than current rates. A new, comprehensive 10-point program is needed to transform the sector by addressing issues of project viability, fuel supplies, capacity addition pace, and operational inefficiencies. This includes reducing distribution losses, creating market mechanisms, preparing project sites, developing fuel supply infrastructure, and improving plant productivity. Strong governance will also be required for successful implementation of the program to power India's economic growth.
Presentation made by United International University Professor and Vice Chancellor Dr M Rezwan Khan and Maliha Shahjahan from Practical Action Consulting at the "Low Carbon Options in South Asia" workshop held in Nepal in August 2014.
CCXG R R Rashmi reflection on COP 24 outcomes and upcoming work mitigationOECD Environment
The document discusses trends related to countries' NDCs and the Paris Agreement goals. It notes that G20 countries' projected emissions need to fall by half to meet 1.5 degree goals, but current NDCs will only reduce emissions by 2-3 Gt by 2030. India's energy intensity and power sector decarbonization compare well internationally due to high energy efficiency and progress in renewable energy. However, India's industry and transport sectors are increasing CO2 intensity as the country develops. Unlocking mitigation options in these sectors will be important as power decarbonizes and they grow substantially.
Renewable Energy industry in india – a Path towards SustainabilityDr. Roger Achkar
India has traditionally relied heavily on non-renewable energy sources like coal, but is now shifting towards renewable sources to reduce emissions and tackle climate change. The government has set a target of installing 175 GW of renewable capacity by 2022, including 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind. Between 2010-2020, renewable energy consumption grew at a CAGR of 7.96% in India. While non-renewables still dominate energy consumption, the share of renewables has increased from 5.94% to 9.12% in the past decade. As of May 2021, India's total installed renewable capacity was 141.9 GW, with solar and wind being the largest components.
Indian Fiscal Budget 2013-14: Analysis on Energy Sectornhareesh2003
This document provides an overview and analysis of the implications of India's 2013-14 fiscal budget on the energy sector. It first discusses the backdrop and objectives of the fiscal budget. It then analyzes the budget from a macroeconomic perspective and fiscal arithmetic for 2014. Finally, it summarizes the key announcements and implications for the power, coal, renewables and oil/gas subsectors. Some of the positive impacts highlighted include tax incentives for power generation, higher allocations for energy projects, and funds for renewable energy projects. Challenges are also noted around rising coal costs and lack of clarity on some issues. Overall, effective implementation will determine the budget's actual impact.
This is my final project submission for the course ' Unlocking investment and finance in emerging markets and developing market economies' course by World Bank
What Are The Plans of Indonesia to Reduce The Carbon Footprint in The Energy ...Dimas Naufal Al Ghifari
An analysis of Indonesia's readiness in embracing the development of its renewable energy sources in a form of consulting slides. An overview analysis of the present energy situation is established followed by the highlights of the current key renewables-related policies and regulations. Numerous remarks and recommendations are presented at the end.
India has committed to reducing its emissions intensity by 20-25% below 2005 levels by 2020 through reducing emissions from energy use and increasing forestry measures. Key areas of investment opportunities in India include renewable energy such as wind and solar, energy efficiency, forestry projects, and CDM projects that provide carbon offsets. India has also introduced a clean energy tax on coal to fund emissions reduction programs and established regulatory frameworks around renewable energy goals and trading schemes.
India has set goals to reduce emissions intensity, increase non-fossil fuel energy capacity, and increase carbon sinks. COVID-19 caused an economic downturn and the Reserve Bank acted with rate cuts and liquidity measures. The Energy Efficiency Financing Platform aims to finance EE projects and build capacity for financial institutions. It has provided training to over 600 bankers and set up a facilitation center and financing cells to promote EE lending. The Power Finance Corporation will act as the nodal agency for EE financing in India.
The role of international organisations in mobilising clean energy finance an...OECD Environment
The document discusses the role of international organisations in mobilising clean energy finance and investment. It provides context about the OECD and its work promoting better policies. It then summarizes Indonesia's clean energy needs and investment gaps. A major gap is the need for a 6-fold increase in renewable energy capacity to meet targets. The document outlines the OECD's Clean Energy Finance and Investment Mobilisation programme which works with countries to strengthen enabling conditions and catalyze finance. Examples of activities in Indonesia include policy reviews and training programs to build capacity around clean energy finance.
India relies heavily on fossil fuels for energy but aims to increase renewable energy. A national plan was created to ensure affordable electricity access nationwide. However, 44% of homes still lack power and 80,000 communities remain unconnected. This energy deficit and India's role in carbon emissions demonstrate the need for a renewable transition. International investors seek clear policies to support India's renewable goals but funding its $200 billion target poses challenges. India has ministries and programs developing renewable resources like solar, wind, and hydro. It aims to source 40% of energy from renewables by 2030, increasing renewable capacity through renewable portfolio standards. Renewable energy now comprises 23% of installed capacity, a rapid growth that benefits the environment and lowers costs
The document summarizes the renewable energy industry in India, with a focus on wind and solar energy. It provides an overview of India's position as a global renewable energy leader, particularly in wind and solar. It also outlines the key government policies supporting renewable energy development in India, including targets to achieve 175GW of renewable capacity by 2022. Challenges facing the industry are discussed as well as recent steps taken by the government to further promote renewable energy growth.
The document discusses Indonesia's geothermal development goals and challenges. Key points:
- Indonesia aims to reach 7,200 MW of geothermal capacity by 2025 but is currently only at 2,130 MW due to lower investment in recent years. Covid-19 has also delayed some projects.
- Private sector investment is needed to help meet targets and de-risk exploration, as government budgets are limited. Investors require clear regulations and tariffs that ensure projects are economically viable.
- A new presidential decree on renewable energy tariffs could impact geothermal development if not properly structured. Collaboration between government and private sector is important to accelerate development post-pandemic and boost the economy.
1. The document discusses Indonesia's commitments and targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources. Indonesia aims for zero carbon emissions and 100% renewable energy by 2045.
2. It outlines Indonesia's Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement to reduce emissions by 29% with domestic efforts and 41% with international support by 2030. Key sectors for reduction include energy, waste, agriculture, and forestry.
3. The potential for carbon trading in Indonesia is large due to its forests and peatlands. The World Bank estimates potential annual income of $1.2 billion from carbon trading, though prices fluctuate. The Katingan Mentaya forest carbon project could generate $
ESCOs to drive energy efficiency in Indiavicky modi
ESCOs (Energy Service Companies) can play a key role in improving energy efficiency in India by guaranteeing energy savings through performance contracts. While the ESCO market is still nascent in India, there is significant opportunity for growth given India's ongoing power deficits. ESCOs can help reduce demand through energy efficiency solutions, providing savings of 42 billion units annually - enough to avoid $160 billion in renewable capacity investments. However, barriers like low awareness, high transaction costs, and a lack of standardization must be addressed to fully realize the potential of ESCOs to enhance energy security and reduce costs in India.
Energy Sector Subsidies: Post-COVID Recovery and the Energy TransitionMichael Taylor
Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform as Part of a Green COVID-19 Recovery
Organised by New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade for the WTO Trade and Environment Week 2020
Vietnam has established long-term energy and climate goals to promote clean energy investments, including targets for renewable energy to reach 7% of total generation by 2020 and 10% by 2030. The country has also mapped its renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, biomass and small hydro potential. Vietnam's electricity market is governed by the Electricity Law and regulated by the Electricity Regulatory Authority, though the regulator lacks full independence. Key energy efficiency policies and regulations have been put in place to meet economy-wide targets, including the Energy Efficiency Law and minimum performance standards for designated energy-intensive industries.
Modern Energy Transport - Country Analysis IndiaAdityaDesai77
The document discusses India's modern energy transport and distribution system. It provides statistics on India's installed energy capacity and energy supply from 1947-2018, showing increasing reliance on coal and growth in renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Charts depict rising electricity production, with coal as the dominant source and rapid growth of renewables from 1990-2014. The document outlines India's plans to significantly expand renewable capacity and reduce coal's share by 2027. It describes India's national grid and ongoing upgrades to accommodate increasing electricity demand and integrate more renewable sources.
Vibrant Gujarat Summit Profile for Energy Spectrum SectorVibrant Gujarat
The renewable energy sector in India, particularly in Gujarat, is growing significantly. Gujarat contributes around 15% of India's total renewable energy capacity and has an installed wind power capacity of 3,250 MW, the second highest in India. Solar power is also expanding rapidly in Gujarat, with over 850 MW installed currently. The state has abundant renewable resources such as solar radiation, wind potential, and biomass, with an estimated total renewable energy potential of over 748 GW. Favorable policies by the central and state governments have driven the large-scale development of renewable sources like wind and solar in Gujarat.
India: Energy Sector & Growth Trends by UKTI IndiaUKTI_India
The document discusses renewable energy opportunities in India. It notes that India is the fourth largest energy consumer and will become third largest by 2020. Renewable energy capacity is expected to rise from 12% in 2012 to 17% in 2017 and 33% in 2030. Key renewable sectors discussed include wind, offshore wind, solar and waste-to-energy. The document outlines investment opportunities and challenges for each sector and notes various UK-India collaboration opportunities in developing renewable energy projects and sharing expertise.
Solar in India have its own importance. It's the best opportunity for investors and this presentation explores it. If you need any further info please feel free to contact me. Viraj
The document summarizes key points from an International Energy Agency report on India's energy policy. It highlights that India has made impressive progress in increasing access to electricity and clean cooking. The government has also implemented energy market reforms and deployed renewable electricity, notably solar. However, the report recommends that India establish permanent energy policy coordination, continue encouraging investment, prioritize energy security, and improve energy data collection to support a secure, sustainable and affordable energy system.
GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HIRING EMPLOYEES.pptxPratyushNahak
The document discusses several aspects of green business practices: green HRM, green marketing, green finance, green entrepreneurship, and green taxes. Green HRM focuses on integrating environmental considerations into HR practices like recruiting, training, and rewarding sustainable behaviors. Green marketing promotes environmentally friendly products and uses sustainable marketing strategies. Green finance provides financial services to support environmental projects and encourages sustainability. Green entrepreneurship addresses environmental and social problems through innovative business solutions. Green taxes incentivize environmentally friendly practices.
GREEN BUISNESS LAST THE MARKKETTSXLHCKLDCPratyushNahak
Green business is a way of doing business that protects the environment while providing goods or services locally. It engages in forward-thinking policies on environmental and social issues to operate with no negative impact. Green business can range from small to large and is open to all. It preserves environmental quality, provides good jobs, saves money, and boosts morale while improving efficiency and reducing costs, emissions, and footprint. There are various approaches to greening business models from cleantech to services to process initiatives. Main models include incentive models using functional sales or performance payments, and life-cycle models like cradle to cradle and symbiotic supply chain management.
More Related Content
Similar to PPT - mapping-india-energy-policy-2022.pptx
CCXG R R Rashmi reflection on COP 24 outcomes and upcoming work mitigationOECD Environment
The document discusses trends related to countries' NDCs and the Paris Agreement goals. It notes that G20 countries' projected emissions need to fall by half to meet 1.5 degree goals, but current NDCs will only reduce emissions by 2-3 Gt by 2030. India's energy intensity and power sector decarbonization compare well internationally due to high energy efficiency and progress in renewable energy. However, India's industry and transport sectors are increasing CO2 intensity as the country develops. Unlocking mitigation options in these sectors will be important as power decarbonizes and they grow substantially.
Renewable Energy industry in india – a Path towards SustainabilityDr. Roger Achkar
India has traditionally relied heavily on non-renewable energy sources like coal, but is now shifting towards renewable sources to reduce emissions and tackle climate change. The government has set a target of installing 175 GW of renewable capacity by 2022, including 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind. Between 2010-2020, renewable energy consumption grew at a CAGR of 7.96% in India. While non-renewables still dominate energy consumption, the share of renewables has increased from 5.94% to 9.12% in the past decade. As of May 2021, India's total installed renewable capacity was 141.9 GW, with solar and wind being the largest components.
Indian Fiscal Budget 2013-14: Analysis on Energy Sectornhareesh2003
This document provides an overview and analysis of the implications of India's 2013-14 fiscal budget on the energy sector. It first discusses the backdrop and objectives of the fiscal budget. It then analyzes the budget from a macroeconomic perspective and fiscal arithmetic for 2014. Finally, it summarizes the key announcements and implications for the power, coal, renewables and oil/gas subsectors. Some of the positive impacts highlighted include tax incentives for power generation, higher allocations for energy projects, and funds for renewable energy projects. Challenges are also noted around rising coal costs and lack of clarity on some issues. Overall, effective implementation will determine the budget's actual impact.
This is my final project submission for the course ' Unlocking investment and finance in emerging markets and developing market economies' course by World Bank
What Are The Plans of Indonesia to Reduce The Carbon Footprint in The Energy ...Dimas Naufal Al Ghifari
An analysis of Indonesia's readiness in embracing the development of its renewable energy sources in a form of consulting slides. An overview analysis of the present energy situation is established followed by the highlights of the current key renewables-related policies and regulations. Numerous remarks and recommendations are presented at the end.
India has committed to reducing its emissions intensity by 20-25% below 2005 levels by 2020 through reducing emissions from energy use and increasing forestry measures. Key areas of investment opportunities in India include renewable energy such as wind and solar, energy efficiency, forestry projects, and CDM projects that provide carbon offsets. India has also introduced a clean energy tax on coal to fund emissions reduction programs and established regulatory frameworks around renewable energy goals and trading schemes.
India has set goals to reduce emissions intensity, increase non-fossil fuel energy capacity, and increase carbon sinks. COVID-19 caused an economic downturn and the Reserve Bank acted with rate cuts and liquidity measures. The Energy Efficiency Financing Platform aims to finance EE projects and build capacity for financial institutions. It has provided training to over 600 bankers and set up a facilitation center and financing cells to promote EE lending. The Power Finance Corporation will act as the nodal agency for EE financing in India.
The role of international organisations in mobilising clean energy finance an...OECD Environment
The document discusses the role of international organisations in mobilising clean energy finance and investment. It provides context about the OECD and its work promoting better policies. It then summarizes Indonesia's clean energy needs and investment gaps. A major gap is the need for a 6-fold increase in renewable energy capacity to meet targets. The document outlines the OECD's Clean Energy Finance and Investment Mobilisation programme which works with countries to strengthen enabling conditions and catalyze finance. Examples of activities in Indonesia include policy reviews and training programs to build capacity around clean energy finance.
India relies heavily on fossil fuels for energy but aims to increase renewable energy. A national plan was created to ensure affordable electricity access nationwide. However, 44% of homes still lack power and 80,000 communities remain unconnected. This energy deficit and India's role in carbon emissions demonstrate the need for a renewable transition. International investors seek clear policies to support India's renewable goals but funding its $200 billion target poses challenges. India has ministries and programs developing renewable resources like solar, wind, and hydro. It aims to source 40% of energy from renewables by 2030, increasing renewable capacity through renewable portfolio standards. Renewable energy now comprises 23% of installed capacity, a rapid growth that benefits the environment and lowers costs
The document summarizes the renewable energy industry in India, with a focus on wind and solar energy. It provides an overview of India's position as a global renewable energy leader, particularly in wind and solar. It also outlines the key government policies supporting renewable energy development in India, including targets to achieve 175GW of renewable capacity by 2022. Challenges facing the industry are discussed as well as recent steps taken by the government to further promote renewable energy growth.
The document discusses Indonesia's geothermal development goals and challenges. Key points:
- Indonesia aims to reach 7,200 MW of geothermal capacity by 2025 but is currently only at 2,130 MW due to lower investment in recent years. Covid-19 has also delayed some projects.
- Private sector investment is needed to help meet targets and de-risk exploration, as government budgets are limited. Investors require clear regulations and tariffs that ensure projects are economically viable.
- A new presidential decree on renewable energy tariffs could impact geothermal development if not properly structured. Collaboration between government and private sector is important to accelerate development post-pandemic and boost the economy.
1. The document discusses Indonesia's commitments and targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources. Indonesia aims for zero carbon emissions and 100% renewable energy by 2045.
2. It outlines Indonesia's Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement to reduce emissions by 29% with domestic efforts and 41% with international support by 2030. Key sectors for reduction include energy, waste, agriculture, and forestry.
3. The potential for carbon trading in Indonesia is large due to its forests and peatlands. The World Bank estimates potential annual income of $1.2 billion from carbon trading, though prices fluctuate. The Katingan Mentaya forest carbon project could generate $
ESCOs to drive energy efficiency in Indiavicky modi
ESCOs (Energy Service Companies) can play a key role in improving energy efficiency in India by guaranteeing energy savings through performance contracts. While the ESCO market is still nascent in India, there is significant opportunity for growth given India's ongoing power deficits. ESCOs can help reduce demand through energy efficiency solutions, providing savings of 42 billion units annually - enough to avoid $160 billion in renewable capacity investments. However, barriers like low awareness, high transaction costs, and a lack of standardization must be addressed to fully realize the potential of ESCOs to enhance energy security and reduce costs in India.
Energy Sector Subsidies: Post-COVID Recovery and the Energy TransitionMichael Taylor
Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform as Part of a Green COVID-19 Recovery
Organised by New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade for the WTO Trade and Environment Week 2020
Vietnam has established long-term energy and climate goals to promote clean energy investments, including targets for renewable energy to reach 7% of total generation by 2020 and 10% by 2030. The country has also mapped its renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, biomass and small hydro potential. Vietnam's electricity market is governed by the Electricity Law and regulated by the Electricity Regulatory Authority, though the regulator lacks full independence. Key energy efficiency policies and regulations have been put in place to meet economy-wide targets, including the Energy Efficiency Law and minimum performance standards for designated energy-intensive industries.
Modern Energy Transport - Country Analysis IndiaAdityaDesai77
The document discusses India's modern energy transport and distribution system. It provides statistics on India's installed energy capacity and energy supply from 1947-2018, showing increasing reliance on coal and growth in renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Charts depict rising electricity production, with coal as the dominant source and rapid growth of renewables from 1990-2014. The document outlines India's plans to significantly expand renewable capacity and reduce coal's share by 2027. It describes India's national grid and ongoing upgrades to accommodate increasing electricity demand and integrate more renewable sources.
Vibrant Gujarat Summit Profile for Energy Spectrum SectorVibrant Gujarat
The renewable energy sector in India, particularly in Gujarat, is growing significantly. Gujarat contributes around 15% of India's total renewable energy capacity and has an installed wind power capacity of 3,250 MW, the second highest in India. Solar power is also expanding rapidly in Gujarat, with over 850 MW installed currently. The state has abundant renewable resources such as solar radiation, wind potential, and biomass, with an estimated total renewable energy potential of over 748 GW. Favorable policies by the central and state governments have driven the large-scale development of renewable sources like wind and solar in Gujarat.
India: Energy Sector & Growth Trends by UKTI IndiaUKTI_India
The document discusses renewable energy opportunities in India. It notes that India is the fourth largest energy consumer and will become third largest by 2020. Renewable energy capacity is expected to rise from 12% in 2012 to 17% in 2017 and 33% in 2030. Key renewable sectors discussed include wind, offshore wind, solar and waste-to-energy. The document outlines investment opportunities and challenges for each sector and notes various UK-India collaboration opportunities in developing renewable energy projects and sharing expertise.
Solar in India have its own importance. It's the best opportunity for investors and this presentation explores it. If you need any further info please feel free to contact me. Viraj
The document summarizes key points from an International Energy Agency report on India's energy policy. It highlights that India has made impressive progress in increasing access to electricity and clean cooking. The government has also implemented energy market reforms and deployed renewable electricity, notably solar. However, the report recommends that India establish permanent energy policy coordination, continue encouraging investment, prioritize energy security, and improve energy data collection to support a secure, sustainable and affordable energy system.
Similar to PPT - mapping-india-energy-policy-2022.pptx (20)
GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HIRING EMPLOYEES.pptxPratyushNahak
The document discusses several aspects of green business practices: green HRM, green marketing, green finance, green entrepreneurship, and green taxes. Green HRM focuses on integrating environmental considerations into HR practices like recruiting, training, and rewarding sustainable behaviors. Green marketing promotes environmentally friendly products and uses sustainable marketing strategies. Green finance provides financial services to support environmental projects and encourages sustainability. Green entrepreneurship addresses environmental and social problems through innovative business solutions. Green taxes incentivize environmentally friendly practices.
GREEN BUISNESS LAST THE MARKKETTSXLHCKLDCPratyushNahak
Green business is a way of doing business that protects the environment while providing goods or services locally. It engages in forward-thinking policies on environmental and social issues to operate with no negative impact. Green business can range from small to large and is open to all. It preserves environmental quality, provides good jobs, saves money, and boosts morale while improving efficiency and reducing costs, emissions, and footprint. There are various approaches to greening business models from cleantech to services to process initiatives. Main models include incentive models using functional sales or performance payments, and life-cycle models like cradle to cradle and symbiotic supply chain management.
ACID RAIN IN THE ATMOSPHERE POLLUTANT EFFECT.pptxPratyushNahak
Acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released from the burning of fossil fuels and other sources reacting with water and oxygen in the air. When this acidic rain falls to earth, it affects both living and non-living things. It damages buildings, statues, and other structures as well as contaminating soils and water sources. This harms plants, aquatic life, and also human health. Steps must be taken to reduce emissions and mitigate the effects of acid rain.
OZONE LAYER in the atmosphere and space.pptxPratyushNahak
The document discusses ozone layer depletion. It notes that the ozone layer protects the Earth from UV radiation. It is found in the lower stratosphere and was discovered in 1913. Ozone layer depletion is caused by human activities like the use of chlorofluorocarbons in industries. This leads to health impacts like increased skin cancer and eye diseases. It also harms plant growth and agriculture. The document recommends measures to prevent depletion like limiting private vehicles and banning dangerous chemicals. It concludes the entire world must unite to address this issue.
Determination of hardness ofS Water.pptxPratyushNahak
This document outlines a procedure for determining the hardness of water. Water hardness is measured in mg/L of calcium carbonate and is classified as soft, moderately hard, hard, or very hard depending on the level. Hardness comes from dissolved calcium and magnesium salts, which can be carbonates that precipitate with heat or non-carbonates that remain dissolved when boiled. The procedure involves titrating a water sample with a standard EDTA solution using an indicator until the color changes, then calculating the hardness level based on the titrant volume.
ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES CHEMICAL KINETICS SLIDEPratyushNahak
The document summarizes catalytic cycles that represent significant sinks for ozone in the stratosphere. It describes how water vapor and hydroxyl radicals (HOx) can catalyze ozone loss through reactions that cycle HOx while consuming ozone. It also outlines how nitric oxide (NOx) from aircraft exhaust and chlorine atoms released from CFCs photolysis can trigger catalytic ozone loss cycles by cycling between nitrogen/chlorine compounds and ozone.
An ecosystem refers to a dynamic community of living and non-living things that interact within a defined area. It includes biotic components like producers, consumers, and decomposers as well as abiotic factors like climate and soil. Energy and nutrients cycle through the ecosystem as organisms obtain energy by eating producers or each other and then returning nutrients to the environment through decomposition. Ecosystems strive for balance and resilience to adapt to changes through processes like trophic levels, nutrient cycling, and energy flow. Examples of ecosystem types include terrestrial, aquatic, and artificial human-made systems.
Resilience, Sustainability and Equity.pptxPratyushNahak
The document discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on mountain livelihoods in Himachal Pradesh, India. It states that tourism, hydropower, and the pharmaceutical industry are the top contributors to the state's economy but were negatively impacted by the pandemic. Many people lost jobs or had to return to villages from tourist areas. Farmers and tribal communities were also affected as lockdowns impacted local markets. It argues that economic agendas need to prioritize equity, sustainability, and resilience of mountain communities. Solutions proposed include giving land rights to marginalized groups and promoting community-based agroforestry and integrated farming.
1) Ulrich Beck coined the term "risk society" to describe a modern society increasingly preoccupied with future risks and safety.
2) In a risk society, risks created by industrialization and modernization, like pollution and accidents, become a dominant force shaping society in both intended and unintended ways.
3) Beck argues we have moved from an industrial society focused on wealth distribution to a risk society where the production of risks must also be addressed and distributed fairly.
Social Construction of Environmental Crisis.pdfPratyushNahak
This document discusses how societal factors contribute to environmental crises. It identifies several key societal drivers: consumption patterns and lifestyles which increase fossil fuel use and emissions; government policies around emissions, waste, land use and conservation; cultural norms that prioritize or disregard nature; population growth and urbanization which drive habitat destruction, pollution and resource use; industrial practices and technologies; social inequities; and levels of education and awareness. The conclusion is that addressing environmental challenges requires understanding how these interconnected social, economic, cultural and political dimensions both cause and potentially mitigate environmental crises through sustainable practices and policies.
This document provides information on the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies. It defines environment and environmental science, noting that environmental science investigates human-environment interactions and involves many fields of science. It discusses why studying the environment is important, including the need for sustainable development and conserving biodiversity. The document also outlines the productive, aesthetic/recreational, and option values of nature. It stresses the importance of public awareness and individual action in protecting the environment. Finally, it provides details on several prominent environmental institutions in India and their activities.
The document provides information on India's Smart Cities Mission. It defines a smart city as having basic infrastructure and using smart solutions to improve services. The mission aims to provide infrastructure, improve quality of life, and apply smart solutions. Cities will be selected through a two stage process to develop areas using three models: retrofitting existing areas, redeveloping areas, and developing greenfield sites. Selected cities will form SPVs to oversee area-based development focusing on aspects like housing, transportation, and use of smart technologies. The government will invest Rs. 100 crore per city for five years to catalyze additional funding.
The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between the concentration of a substance in solution and the amount of light it absorbs. It states that absorbance is directly proportional to concentration and path length. Mathematically, it can be expressed as: A = ε * c * l, where A is absorbance, ε is the molar absorptivity, c is concentration, and l is path length. The Beer-Lambert law is important in quantitative analysis using UV-visible spectroscopy. It is only applicable to monochromatic light and at low concentrations where molecule interactions can be ignored.
This document outlines an honors program that involves 150 credits across UGC, NAAC and capstone projects, follows a 15/5 structure and MOP protocol, and focuses on developing self-awareness, being inclusive, experiential learning, finding one's happy place, collaboration, and service excellence.
Waste can be solid, liquid, or gaseous materials that are discarded after use. Solid wastes include domestic, commercial, and industrial trash like plastics, paper, and metal. Liquid wastes include sewage and wastewater from industrial processes. Wastes are also classified as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, hazardous, or non-hazardous. Improper waste disposal pollutes the environment and harms human health, causing issues like cancer, mercury poisoning, and increased greenhouse gases. The 3R approach of reduce, reuse, and recycle can help mitigate waste and promote more sustainable practices.
Chromatography is a method used to separate mixtures by distributing components between a stationary and mobile phase. There are several types including thin layer chromatography (TLC), which separates compounds on plates coated with adsorbents, and column chromatography, where the stationary phase is packed in a tube. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) uses pumps to force liquid mobile phases through columns at high pressures for improved separation.
Bragg's law describes the angles for coherent and incoherent scattering from a crystal lattice. It was first proposed by William Lawrence Bragg and William Henry Bragg in 1913 to explain the surprising patterns produced when X-rays interacted with crystalline solids. Bragg's law states that constructive interference, and therefore diffraction, occurs when the path difference between scattered waves is equal to an integer multiple of the wavelength. This leads to the condition for constructive interference known as Bragg's law, which relates the wavelength, scattering angle, and interplanar spacing of the crystal lattice. The Braggs were awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work determining crystal structures using X-ray diffraction and establishing Bragg's law.
This document discusses different types of human migration including permanent, temporary, internal, international, rural-urban and forced migration. It defines each type and provides examples. Key points include that temporary migration involves short term movement while permanent migration means not returning home. Internal migration is within a country often from rural to urban areas. International migration crosses country borders. Rural-urban migration sees movement from farms to cities. Forced migration is involuntary due to issues like persecution. Migration has push factors like lack of jobs in the origin country and pull factors like opportunities in the destination country. Consequences of migration can be positive such as cultural diversity or negative like population pressure on resources.
The document discusses the layers of Earth's atmosphere including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. It describes how air pressure decreases with altitude and how heat is transferred within the atmosphere through radiation, conduction, and convection. The hydrologic cycle and factors like clouds, temperature, and pressure that influence the exchange of heat energy between the atmosphere and Earth's surface are also examined.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
2. Objectives
Aim:
Improve transparency on the
Indian governments’ support
for the energy sector
Why:
Public support and taxes help shape the
energy sector
• Influencing prices that determine
consumption patterns, affordability of
energy
• Influencing private sector investments
in fossil and clean infrastructure
• Fossil and clean energy have very
different societal benefits and costs
• Better information on support =
better informed policy = better
outcomes
Ultimate objective:
Energy that is more equitable,
secure, and aligned with the
government’s target to achieve
net zero emissions by 2070.
How:
The study gathers and analyzes the
best available data
(FY 2014–FY 2022) on:
• Subsidies, PSU investments,
and public finance for fossil
fuels, renewables, and electric
vehicles (EVs)
• Tax and non-tax revenues
raised from fossil and clean
energy
• Key externalities (social cost) of
fossil fuels and renewables
3. SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS
Government support for
energy is estimated to be
at least INR 5 lakh crore
(USD 68 billion) in FY 22
• Growing support for renewable energy
(RE) but needs to increase to align with the
2030/2070 targets
• Oil and gas (O&G) subsidies fell, but fuel
tax cuts shielded consumers from soaring
oil prices
• Coal and electricity subsidies remain
stubbornly high Note:*SOE stands for state-owned enterprisesalso knownnationally
as public sectorundertakings
4. SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS
Energy revenues* totaled
INR 9 lakh crore (USD
120 billion) in FY 22, up
7%from FY 21
• The majority (69%) of energy revenues
were derived from two measures: Central
Government excise and state-level VAT on
diesel and petrol
• Social costs of energy** were at least four
times higher than government revenues
Notes:*fromtheCentre, Stateand Union Territories
**fromair pollution; climatechange;roaddamage,traffic accidents and congestion;and integrating renewables intothepower system.
Presenter Notes
2022-12-20 14:45:01
--------------------------------------------
Note: Externalities estimated i
n
cl
u
d
e
morbidity and mortality from air
pollution; losses from climate
change; losses from road
damage, traffic accidents and
congestion; and the costs of
integrating renewables into the
power system. Externalities not
included: extraction and mining;
land and water impacts; fugitive
methane emissions; medical
expenses; decommissioning and
remediation; and biodiversity
impacts. These were calculated
using India-specific sources
where possible.
6. KEY MESSAGES
Energy Subsidies
1. Total energy subsidies have fallen since 2014;
they fell a further 3% in FY 22.
2. Post-COVID-19 recovery evident in higher
uptake of RE and EV subsidies.
3. Fossil fuel subsidies remain four times higher
than clean energy (RE and EVs) in FY 22.
4. O&G subsidies fell by 28% in FY 22, but this
does not account for foregone revenue from
cuts in excise and VAT on fuel.
7. KEY MESSAGES
Coal Subsidies
1. Coal subsidies increased by 15% in FY 22 to
INR 15,933 crore (USD 2.1 billion)
• Largely due to GST concessions on
coal sales.
2. Coal India Limited (CIL) has not raised its coal
prices for 4 years, despite rising international
coal prices and input costs, such as diesel.
3. This has capped input costs for thermal power
generation during a period of high inflation.
8. KEY MESSAGES
Oil & Gas Subsidies
1. O&G subsidies fell by 28% in FY 22 to INR
44,383 crore (USD 5.9 billion)
• Primarily due to lower funding for consumer
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) programs
(DBTL-PAHAL and Ujjwala).
2. Estimates do not include foregone revenue from
excise and VAT cuts
• Due to India’s use of an informal variable
tax regime.
3. Revenue loss from excise duty cuts at INR 49,559
crore (USD 6.65 billion) in FY 22
• Using October 2022 as benchmark rate.
9. SPOTLIGHT ISSUE
Price control of
petroleum products
• Retail selling price (RSP) of petrol and
diesel largely frozen from November 2021.
• Retail prices did not reflect large increases
in the international oil price.
• Could have resulted in large losses by oil
marketing companies (OMCs).
• Instead, fuel price freezes absorbed in FY
22 by cuts in excise and VAT.
Source: PetroleumPlanning & Analysis Cell, Ministry of Petroleum&
Natural Gas,Governmentof India,2022
10. KEY MESSAGES
Electricity Subsidies
1. Electricity transmission & distribution (T&D)
subsidies remained about the same as FY 21.
2. Consistent with the FY 17 to FY 22 average of
INR 1.3 lakh crore (USD 17.6 billion) per year.
3. Largest subsidy was below-cost electricity
pricing to support consumers.
4. Without reform and targeting, these will add
pressure on government budgets as demand
increases.
11. KEY MESSAGES
Renewable Energy Subsidies
1. RE subsidies doubled in FY 22—first
increase since FY 17—driven by a 155%
jump in solar photovoltaic (PV) installation.
2. 28 policies provided by the Central
Government totaled INR 11,529 crore (USD
1.5 billion).
3. Subsidies declined from FY 18 to FY 21 due
to lower program outlays and an increase in
duties and taxes.
4. Stable policy regime is needed to support
RE growth, support nascent technologies
and reach government targets.
12. KEY MESSAGES
Electric Vehicle Subsidies
1. EV subsidies increased 160% from FY 21
• Reached record high of INR 2,358 crore
(USD 0.3 billion) in FY 22.
2. In 2021, EVs accounted for 1.1% of total
vehicle sales
• 95% were 2- and 3-wheelers.
3. Subsidies for domestic manufacturing of
EVs and advanced batteries likely to
increase from FY 23
• Central Government's Production
Linked Incentive Scheme.
14. PSU INVESTMENTS
PSUs are ramping up their
capital expenditure, which
provides an historic
opportunity to diversify
into clean energy
1. Despite, the post-COVID economic stimulus strategy,
capex by energy-sector PSUs remained below pre-
COVID levels at INR 146,321 crore (USD 19.6 billion)
in FY 22.
2. Seven biggest PSUs accounted for 88% of the capex.
3. Opportunity for the fossil-dominated PSUs to
diversify into clean energy and capture new markets.
16. INDIA’S INVESTMENT NEEDS
Public sector financing
needs to increase to crowd
in private investments in
clean energy
1. India needs INR 2.1 lakh crore (USD 28 billion)
per year in investments to meet 2030 RE targets
• Double current levels.
2. To date, multilateral climate funds pledged to
provide INR 8,700 crore (USD 1.2 billion)
toward energy projects in India
• Less than half (44%) of that amount has
been received.
Source:BNEF (2022); IEEFA (2022)
Source: Climate Funds Update, updated asof January 2022
17. Lending by Domestic PFIs
1. Only 6% of total debt financing for new-
build RE projects in India between 2019–
2021 came from domestic public finance
institutions.
2. Public sector lending for RE received a
boost in FY 22 after a slowdown in FY 21,
mainly due to fresh equity infusion by
GoI in IREDA.
Source: BNEF (2022). Financing India’s 2030 Renewables Ambition.
18. Lending by Domestic PFIs
3. Public sector banks (PSBs) continue to
have the lowest asset portfolio share
towards clean energy compared to other
financial institutions.
4. PSBs need to improve data transparency
and reporting on financial flows for fossil
fuels and clean energy.
Note:Includes annualdisbursals by top threestate-owned power
financiers—
namelyPFC,REC and IREDA.
20. KEY MESSAGES
Revenues From Energy
1. Energy revenue in FY 22 from Centre,
states, & union territories was INR
899,140 crore (USD 120 billion), 19% of all
government revenue.
2. Fuel consumption generated most
revenue: excise and VAT on petrol and
diesel accounted for 69% of energy
revenues.
3. Windfall tax revenue could be in the range
of INR 30,000–40,000 crore (USD 40–53
billion) in FY 23.
21. KEY MESSAGES
Externalities
1. Fossil fuel externalities in FY 22 estimated
between INR 14–35 lakh crore (USD 200–
500 billion)
• Largest were costs of climate change.
2. RE externalities estimated between INR
12,900–17,900 crore (USD 1.8–13.7 billion)
• Mostly grid integration costs.
3. Range reflects uncertainty about the extent
and cost of impacts
• See Mapping India's Energy Policy 2022
for assumptions and methods
Presenter Notes
2022-12-20 14:45:05
--------------------------------------------
Note: FF externalities: combustion
only. RE externalities: capital
only. Externalities estimated
include morbidity and mortality
from air pollution; losses from
climate change; losses from road
damage, traffic accidents and
congestion; and the costs of
integrating renewables into the
power system. Externalities not
included: extraction and mining;
land and water impacts; fugitive
methane emissions;
medical expenses;
decommissioning and
remediation; and biodiversity
impacts. These were calculated
using India-specific sources
where possible.
24. • The review of subsidies follows (Garg et al., 2017),
using a definition of “subsidy” agreed by all 164
World Trade Organization members.
o It includes: 1) direct and indirect transfers, 2)
foregone revenue, 3) provision of goods or
services below market value and 4) income and
price support through regulations.
• We aimed to identify and quantify all central
government subsidies in T&D, renewable energy,
and EVs.
• The one state-level subsidy in our database is
underpriced electricity, which we included because
it exists in almost all states and is very large, so
its exclusion would be a serious misrepresentation
of the energy subsidy landscape in India.
• Nuclear and large hydropower are excluded due to
a lack of data.
• Wherever possible, estimates are based on
official government data.
• Some subsidies are identified but “non-quantified”
due to a lack of data.
Subsidies
25. • Our review of PSUs follows the approach in
Viswanathan et al. (2021), covering 14 central-level
energy PSUs and the seven energy Maharatnas.
• Wholly owned subsidiaries of the PSUs are
included, but joint ventures are not considered.
PSUs that primarily operate as investors are
classified as PFIs.
• Capital expenditure (CAPEX) data are taken from
the Expenditure Budget provided by the Ministry
of Finance.
Public Sector Undertakings
26. • Our review of PFIs focuses on central
government-owned entities (with more than 51%
government shareholding) that are engaged in
direct lending to energy projects in India,
collectively referred to as “central PFIs.”
• This includes 12 scheduled PSBs) (as classified by
the Reserve Bank of India and three other public
companies and non-banking financial companies
[NBFCs])
• Data on their lending are drawn from annual
reports, investor presentations, and a review of
Basel III framework disclosures, in the case of
PSBs.
• Due to low reporting on lending, we also refer
extensively to data on energy financing in India
that have been collected by Oil Change
International (2022), the Centre for Financial
Accountability & Climate Trends (2022), Fair
Finance India (Sreedhar Ramamurthy & Singh,
2019) and Bloomberg New Energy Finance.
Public Finance Institutions
27. • Our discussion of taxes follows the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
which defines them as unrequited payments to the
general government budget enforced through
legislation (OECD, 2001). “Unrequited” means that
the benefits provided by the government to
taxpayers are not normally in proportion to their
tax payments (OECD, 2001). Compulsory
payments, duties, and statutory levies are also
considered taxes.
• Non-tax revenues are all other government
revenues not classified as taxes, such as royalties
and rents from fossil fuel extraction.
• The data include revenues from the consumption
and production of fossil fuels, renewable energy
and electricity, including corporate income tax, tax
on dividends, and the goods and services (GST)
tax.
Tax and Non-Tax Revenues
28. • Given data constraints, for renewables it was only
possible to account for revenue related to capital
installation of equipment (wind farms and grid-
scale solar PV), while fossil revenue covers fuel
production and consumption, but not CAPEX.
• We believe the review nonetheless captures the
largest share of revenue linked to each type of
energy: CAPEX makes up the largest share of
generation costs from renewables (60%–70%) and
fuel is the main generation cost (around 75%) for
coal-fired generation (Solar Bay, 2020; Soman et
al., 2019).
Tax and Non-Tax Revenues
29. Estimating externalities is complex because they arise throughout the value
chain, and quantification requires assigning financial values to non-financial
impacts. We quantified only a limited number of energy externalities:
• Petroleum products: Climate change, air pollution (mortality and
morbidity), and traffic congestion, deaths, injuries, and vehicle damage
(see Box ES1. In Mapping India's Energy Policies 2022 for an
explanation of why traffic externalities are allocated to fossil fuels).
• Natural gas: Climate change impacts.
• Coal: Climate change impacts, air pollution (mortality and morbidity).
• Solar PV and wind: Climate change impacts and grid-balancing costs.
Energy Externalities
30. Most externalities were estimated using a two-step process.
1. We reviewed literature for estimates of impacts (such as deaths or GHG
emissions) caused by each energy type and for estimates of an average cost
for a unit of each impact.
2. The two data points were then multiplied to estimate an externality.
• We used conservative and less conservative values to reflect uncertainty.
The “less-conservative estimate” is not an upper bound due to the large
number of externalities that were not assessed. Preference was given
to Indian data and sources. The underlying data were collected across a
range of years, with 2020 preferences where available, and taken as a
proxy for FY 2020.
Energy Externalities