The document discusses India's modern energy transport and distribution system. It provides statistics on India's installed energy capacity and energy supply from 1947-2018, showing increasing reliance on coal and growth in renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Charts depict rising electricity production, with coal as the dominant source and rapid growth of renewables from 1990-2014. The document outlines India's plans to significantly expand renewable capacity and reduce coal's share by 2027. It describes India's national grid and ongoing upgrades to accommodate increasing electricity demand and integrate more renewable sources.

1. MODERN ENERGY TRANSPORT AND
DISTRIBUTION
INDIA
BY:
Aditya A Desai (S1810767003)

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1947 1950 1956 1961 1966 1969 1974 1979 1980 1985 1990 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 2018
EnergyCapacitykWh/d/p
Year
Installed Energy Capacity of India 1947-2018
Hydro Coal Gas

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1947 1950 1956 1961 1966 1969 1974 1979 1980 1985 1990 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
EnergySupplykWh/d/p
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Energy Supply of India 1947-2016
Hydro Coal Gas
Diesel Nuclear RES

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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
KWH/D/P
YEARS
Electricity Production
COAL(KWH/d/p) OIL(KWH/d/p) NUCLEAR(Kwh/d/p) GAS(KWH/d/p)
RENEWABLES(KWh/d/p) OTHERS(KWh/d/p) HYDRO(KWh/p/d)

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0.15
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1990
1991
1992
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2011
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2015
2016
TOTALELECTERCITYPRODUCED(KWH/D/P)
YEARS
Growth of RES in India (1990-2016)
Hydro Solar PV Wind

6. RES TARGETS AND POLITICAL PROJECTIONS:
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2017 2022 2027
GW
Years
Energy Production Projected Growth
Coal Gas Hydro RES
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Wind (onshore) Solar Small Hydro Biomass Wind (offshore)
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Types of RES
Renewable Energy Sources :
2022 Target vs Potential
2022 Potential
• The use of renewable energy (RE) sources, primarily wind and solar generation, is poised to grow significantly within the Indian power system. The
renewable energy sources accounted for 22% of the total installed power capacity (77.641 GW) as of 31 March 2019, Wind power capacity was
36,625 GW (60GW), Solar power 28,181 GW (100 GW), Biomass & Gasification and Bagasse Cogeneration 9,103 GW (10 GW), Small hydropower
4,593 GW(5 GW)
• India’s power grid is one of the world’s largest synchronized networks, with about 334,40 gigawatts (GW) of installed capacity serving one billion
people. The grid is also one of the most rapidly growing grids.
• During the last decade, India’s economy and electricity demand grew at an annual average of 7% (OECD/IEA 2016). The demand for power is
expected to continue to increase to support India’s growing manufacturing sector and meet the rising aspirations of its people.

7. INDIAN ENERGY GENERATION CENTRES AND INTRASTATE CONNECTION

8. INDIAN TRANSMISSION MAP
• The National Grid is owned, operated, and maintained by state-owned Power
Grid Corporation of India. It is one of the largest operational synchronous
grids in the world with 334.40 GW of installed power generation capacity as
on 31 January 2018.
• India's grid is connected as a wide area synchronous grid nominally running
at 50 hertz. The permissible range of the frequency band is 49.95-50.05 Hz.
• The IEA estimates India is investing close to US$20bn annually in grid
upgrades to rectify extreme aggregate technical and commercial (AT&C)
losses and to accommodate a likely doubling of electricity demand in the
coming decade.
• India has made substantial progress in improving its energy-system efficiency
over the last three years. This is best illustrated by the reduction in the peak
power deficit since 2009/10, from more than 12% to just 1-2% in 2016/17,
with regular periods of surplus in the new year.
• A $200bn investment program through 2030 would create the opportunity
for India to establish an internationally connected smart grid capable of
managing a doubling of power demand and incorporating much greater
diversity in electricity generation, including distributed rooftop solar and
battery storage.

9. ONGOING GROWTH OF LINES AND SUBSTATIONS
• Green Energy Corridor is a comprehensive scheme for evacuation &
integration of the renewable energy (RE) capacity addition of 32,713 MW
during 12th Plan Period (March 2013 – 2017)
• Green Energy Corridor I –
Total fund requirement of € 4,35 Billion was initially assessed for the
development of the transmission system and control infrastructure for the
addition of RE capacity in the renewable rich States. A growth of a staggering
86.7% in Substations and a 45.6% increase in Transmission Lines in a span of
6 years.
• Green Energy Corridor II –
Government of India has an ambitious plan to establish total 100,000 MW
Solar and 60,000 MW Wind generation capacity by 2022. Out of above, Solar
capacity targets includes : 20GW through 34nos. solar power parks in 21
States, 40GW through Roof Top Solar PV, 40GW through distributed solar
generation.
• India’s draft 10-year National Electricity Plan has thermal power’s share of
total generation capacity falling from 67% as of March 2017 to 43% by
March 2027. Renewable energy’s share of installed capacity is forecast to
rise from 18% in 2017 to 43% by 2027.
• India is also in the process of commissioning two of the world’s longest
high voltage direct current (HVDC) grid transmission capacity facilities at
Champa and North-East Agra to better integrate renewable energy
capacity and strengthen the national grid

10. INDIAN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND
• The Indian electricity sector is presently going through a major transformation. The accelerated pace of generation capacity addition over the
past few years has led to a situation wherein the electricity supply potential is greater than the economic demand, a scenario witnessed never
before in the history of the Indian electricity sector.
• During the period from 2001–02 to 2014–15, there was an increase in the share of domestic consumption (25% to 27%) as well as commercial
consumption (7% to 10%) and a decline in agricultural consumption (25% to 21%).
• Target of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy up to 2021-22 which is now seen as an ‘article of faith’ by the government and quantum
jump in capacity addition in renewable energy sources in the next decade is likely to significantly alter the energy mix.

11. GDP AND CONSUMPTION
• The Indian economy grew 8.2 percent year-on-year in the second quarter of 2018, above 7.7 percent in the previous three months and beating
market expectations of 7.6 percent. It is the strongest growth rate since the first quarter of 2016, in the past 15 years, electricity demand at the
national level was strongly correlated with total GDP and its components and derivatives including industrial GDP, agricultural GDP, and per capita
GDP.
• IEEFA expects India’s gross domestic product (GDP) to double over the next 10 years, growing at 7% annually. Electricity demand is forecast to
nearly double over this period. However, technology and grid-efficiency improvements combined with general energy efficiency gains should keep
increases in demand to more manageable levels.

12. FACTORS INFLUENCING RES IN INDIA
• Over the last two years, India has made enormous strides in developing domestic renewable energy capacity. Visionary stretch targets have been
articulated only to then become formal government policy, with subsequent industry focus suggesting the impossible two years ago is now
eminently achievable, underpinned by dramatic technology improvements, economies of scale as installs have doubled each year since 2015, and
rapid price deflation – 50% in just two years for solar energy.
• Bhadla, Rajasthan, solar project attracted a tariff bid of € 0,033/kWh. Within a week, that record was broken with a € 0,031/kWh bid at an auction
in the same Bhadla solar park.
• India regained the mantle, at least temporarily, of having world’s biggest single-site solar plant, with 1 GW commissioned in Kurnool in Andhra
Pradesh.

13. LOAD PROFILES AND INFLUENCERS
• In October 2018, peak power demand in India reached 180GW, an increase of 9.8% over the peak power demand recorded in the prior
corresponding period.
• Continued strong economic growth, an increasing number of electricity connections under the Saubhagya scheme - an Indian government project
to provide electricity to all households, the roll-out of electric vehicles, and other similar initiatives, will all add to the increase in peak power
demand into the future.
• Further, additional variables such as energy efficiency technologies, seasonal changes in temperature and the growing use of air conditioners infer
that the shape/width/magnitude of India’s load curve will likely undergo change into the future.
• For instance, as per the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2018, the number of households in India owning an air
conditioner (AC) has increased by 50% in the last five years. By 2040, two-thirds of households in India are projected to own an AC unit, a
staggering 15-fold increase from today. While the share of cooling in electricity system peak loads is ~10% in 2016, this share will likely increase to
over 40% by 2040 under the IEA’s New Policy Scenario, altering the shape/width/magnitude of load curve substantially.

14. REFERENCES
 About Power System Operation Corporation Limited Power System Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO) is an independent
government company in India that operates the National Load Despatch Centre and Regional Load Despatch Centres. POSOCO ensures
integrated operation of regional and national power systems to facilitate transfer of electric power within and across regions.
 About the Ministry of Power, Government of India The Ministry of Power is primarily responsible for the development of electrical
energy in the country. The Ministry is concerned with perspective planning, policy formulation, processing of projects for investment
decision, monitoring of the implementation of power projects, training and manpower development, and the administration and
enactment of legislation in regard to thermal, hydro power generation, transmission, and distribution.
 About NREL The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) primary national laboratory
for renewable energy and energy efficiency research. NREL deploys its deep technical expertise and unmatched breadth of capabilities
to drive the transformation of energy resources and systems.