Ancient man learned to cure illnesses from nature, using crude methods like leaves, water, or mud that sometimes evolved into modern treatments. Early Indian medicine relied on plant, animal, and mineral drugs without standardization, often kept secret in families. Buddha and others in ancient India like Sushruta and Jivaka practiced early forms of medicine and surgery, contributing to fields like anatomy, anesthesia, and massage therapy. Monks helped preserve early medical knowledge and gathered herbs to treat the sick. The development of early pharmacies and standardized pharmacopoeias in places like Baghdad, Italy, and England helped professionalize the fields of pharmacy and medicine.

1. Ancient Man : Own Physician
From beginnings profession of Pharmacy developed parallely with the man. Ancient man learned from
nature to cure. Use of cool water, a leaf, or mud was his first treatment. Some of his crude methods
are still continued
D.S.T.S. M’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , SOLAPUR

2. D.S.T.S. M’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , SOLAPUR
Pharmacy in Ancient India
In ancient India, sources of drugs were vegetables, animal and mineral origin . There were no scientific methods
of standardization of drugs. The medical system was usually kept secret within family.

3. Buddha: A Physician
Buddha is called as Bhisakko(physician), Sallakatto anuttarao(supreme surgeon) because his aim was to cure
all ills of mind and body. He diagnosed illness, it’s cause, it’s removal and remedy for the same.
D.S.T.S. M’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , SOLAPUR

4. Sushruta: Father of Surgery
He practiced surgery in India around 800 B.C. whose treatise “Sushrut Samhita” is oldest one. He was the first
to study anatomy and described it with the help of dead body. His forte was plastic surgery and ophthalmology.
D.S.T.S. M’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , SOLAPUR

5. Jivaka: The Neurologist and Father of Thai Massage
He was the Buddha’s physician who healed Buddha’s foot injured by Devdatta. Jivaka’s first patient was a
merchant’s wife at Saketa suffering from a chronic disease of the head for seven years. He took clarified butter
(ghee) mixed some drugs in it, boiled it and administered through her nose . She was cured at once. His expertise
was on various diseases. He put forth concept of anesthesia with “mohachurna”
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6. Nagarjuna: Medical Alchemist and Metallurgist
Shrimanta was teaching Prajnaparamita, nagas formed over him to protest him from sun so he became Naga and
as his teaching skills of Dharma were like arrows of Arjuna hence he became Nagarjuna. He said, dieases can be
cured by converting lower metal into precious metal and by applying mercurial therapeutic preparations.
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7. Charaka : Father of Medicine
Charaka Samhita is considered as encyclopedia of Ayurveda. When the science of anatomy was confused in
Europian countries, Charaka revealed the facts about anatomy, embryology, pharmacology, blood circulation and
various diseases.
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8. The Royal Toxicologist –MithridatesVI
MithridatesVI, King of Pontus learned not only the art of poisoning, but also the art of preventing
and counteracting poisoning. He used himself and his prisoners as "guinea pigs“ to test poisons and antidotes.
His famed formula of alleged panantidotalpowers, "Mithridatum," was popular for over a thousand years.
D.S.T.S. M’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , SOLAPUR

9. Terra Sigillata : The First Tablet
Man prepared first therapeutic agent; a clay tablet i.e. Terra Sigillata (Sealed earth). Clay from islands of Lemnos was
digged,washed and rolled to a mass. The pastilly were formed with an official seal by priestesses and after sun drying
distributed commercially.
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10. Galen –Father of Pharmacy
Galen practiced and taught preparing and compounding medicines in Rome and in western world.
He was the originator of the formula for a cold cream. His prepared pharmaceuticals are known
as Galenicals.
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11. Theophrastus: Father of Botany
Theophrastus observations and writings dealing with the medical qualities and peculiarities of herbs are
accurate. Slabs of ivory, coated with colored beeswax was the slates and stylus for the writing of his students .
D.S.T.S. M’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , SOLAPUR

12. Dioscorides: Father of Pharmacology
Pedanios Dioscordies began transition of the Greek system of knowledge into Roman system of science. He
recorded collection of drugs, their storage and use.
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13. Cosmos and Damien:Saints of Pharmacy and Medicine
Twin s who represent the closeness of medicine and pharmacy, offered their knowledge to the sick to cure them
and they become patrons saints with many miracles.
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14. Monastic Pharmacy
Manuscripts of Pharmacy and medicine preserved were translated or copied for monastery libraries. The
monks gathered herbs and simples in the field, for the art of the apothecary which is beneficial for the sick
and injured
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15. The First Apothecary Shops
The Arabs separated the arts of apothecary and physician, in Bagdad late in the eighth century. They developed their
natural resources syrups, confections, conserves, distilled waters and alcoholic liquids. When the Moslems swept
across Africa, Spain and southern France, they carried with them a new pattern of Pharmacy.
D.S.T.S. M’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , SOLAPUR

16. Avicenna – The “Persian Galen”
The Persian, Ibn Sina (about 980-1037 A.D.), called Avicenna contributed a lot to Pharmacy and
medicine being a Pharmacist, poet, physician, philosopher. Avicenna was an intellectual giant. He
wrote in Arabic, his pharmaceutical teachings and still are dominant influences in the Orient.
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17. Separation of Pharmacy and Medicine
In European countries exposed to Arabian influence, public pharmacies began to appear in the 17th century. In
Sicily and southern Italy, Pharmacy was separated from Medicine. Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Emperor of
Germany and King of Sicily, he presented subject Pharmacists separating their responsibilities from those of
Medicine, and prescribing regulations for their professional practice.
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18. The First Official Pharacopeia
The idea of a pharmacopoeia followed by all apothecaries, originated in Florence. The Nuovo Receptario, was
published 1498. As a result of collaboration of the Guild of Apothecaries and the Medical Society ,The professional
groups received official advice and guidance from the powerful Dominican monk, Savonarola.
D.S.T.S. M’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , SOLAPUR

19. Pharmacy in Healthcare:
Since King James I established Western society’s first independent pharmacist guild in England during the early
17th century, pharmacy has held a central role in health care. Initially known as “apothecaries,” early community
pharmacists prepared and dispensed remedies while offering front-line medical advice to their customers. Apothecary
traditions traveled to the New World with the English colonists, where they flourished for centuries.
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20. From Apothecaries to Pharmacist
Edward Parrish of the American Pharmaceutical Association successfully proposed to the members of the national
professional organization to consider all the varied pharmaceutical practitioners as “pharmacists.” Hence
Apohecaries became widely known as pharmacists.” in the United States nearly 150 years ago.In an effort to
standardize the field, Parrish consider Their field formally identified, pharmacists made, as well as prescribed,
medicines and remained community medical counselors until the 1950s.
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21. First Hospital And First Hospital Pharmacist
Benjamin Franklin started the first hospital in 1751. It had a pharmacy and the first hospital pharmacist was
Jonathan Roberts.
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22. First Pharmaceutical Company in India
Bengal Chemical & Pharmaceutical Works Ltd. (BCPW) established in Kolkata, West Bengal in 1901 by P.C. Rây,
it is India's first pharmaceutical company. The company became the first Indian Company to manufacture quality
Chemicals, Drugs, Pharmaceuticals and Home Products, employing indigenous technology, skill and raw materials.
D.S.T.S. M’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , SOLAPUR

23. Pharmacy Today and Tomorrow
Pharmacy has come to be recognized as of the great professions through many revolutions. Pharmacists are among the
community's finest educated people. When today's retail pharmacist fills a prescription written by a physician, he
provides a professional service in all branches of the profession -education, research, development, standards, production,
and distribution. Pharmacy's professional stature will continue to grow in the future.
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