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The document provides an overview of social sciences and applied social sciences. It discusses that social sciences involve the systematic study of human behavior and society through disciplines like anthropology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Applied social sciences take theories and knowledge from social sciences and apply them to address real-world problems. Counseling is presented as an example of an applied social science that utilizes theories from psychology. The document also outlines the goals and principles of counseling as a discipline within applied social sciences.
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This document discusses social science and applied social science. It defines social science as the study of society and human behavior. The goals of social science are to answer questions about society and improve the human condition. Some basic social science disciplines discussed include anthropology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, psychology, sociology, demographics, and political science. Applied social science uses theories and methods from basic social sciences to understand society and address real-world problems. The three applied social sciences covered are communication, social work, and counseling. Counseling aims to empower people to achieve goals by helping them make changes through a relationship using psychological theories and communication skills. Counseling is considered an applied social science discipline because it relies on social sciences
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Human Behavior and the Social Environment IHuman B
Human Behavior and the Social Environment I
Human Behavior and the
Social Environment I
SUSAN TYLER
U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R K A N S A S L I B R A R I E S
F AY E T T E V I L L E , A R
Human Behavior and the Social Environment I by Susan Tyler is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License,
except where otherwise noted.
All content CC BY-NC-SA unless otherwise noted.
Contents
Introduction 1
Attributions 6
Part I. The Person in Environment
Chapter 1: How We Use Our Expectations 25
Part II. The Biopsychosocial Dimension
Chapter 2: Lifespan Theories 79
Part III. The Sociocultural Dimension
Chapter 3: Theoretical Perspectives 105
Chapter 4: The Elements of Culture 120
Part IV. The Social Change Dimension
Chapter 5: Social Categorization & Stereotyping 161
Chapter 6: In-group Favoritism & Prejudice 191
Chapter 7: Reducing Discrimination 210
Chapter 8: Racial & Ethnic Inequality 233
Part V. Pre-Pregnancy & Prenatal Development
Chapter 9: Heredity, Prenatal Development, &
Birth
Heredity 280
Prenatal Development 291
Birth 320
279
Part VI. Development in Infancy & Toddlerhood
Chapter 10: Physical Development in Infancy &
Toddlerhood
347
Chapter 11: Cognitive Development in Infancy &
Toddlerhood
387
Chapter 12: Psychosocial Development in Infancy
& Toddlerhood
Infant Emotions 429
Forming Attachments 433
425
Part VII. Development in Early Childhood
Chapter 13: Physical Development in Early
Childhood
465
Chapter 14: Cognitive Development in Early
Childhood
502
Chapter 15: Psychosocial Development in Early
Childhood
551
Part VIII. Development in Middle Childhood
Chapter 16: Physical Development in Middle
Childhood
603
Chapter 17: Cognitive Development in Middle
Childhood
630
Chapter 18: Psychosocial Development in Middle
Childhood
690
Part IX. Development in Adolescence
Chapter 19: Physical Development in Adolescence 733
Chapter 20: Cognitive Development in
Adolescence
763
Chapter 21: Psychosocial Development in
Adolescence
786
Part X. Development in Early Adulthood
Chapter 22: Physical Development in Early
Adulthood
815
Chapter 23: Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
861
Chapter 24: Psychosocial Development in Early
Adulthood
897
Part XI. Development in Middle Adulthood
Chapter 25: Physical Development in Middle
Adulthood
959
Chapter 26: Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
1023
Chapter 27: Psychosocial Development in Middle
Adulthood
1064
Part XII. Development in Late Adulthood
Chapter 28: Physical Development in Late
Adulthood
1135
Chapter 29: Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
1197
Chapter 30: Psychosocial Development in Late
Adulthood
1245
Additional Resources 1299
Adopt this book! 1302
Why do people do the things they do?
That’s what we are here to find out – Human Behavior and the
Social Environment (HBSE) – How do they connect? How does it
shape us? Why do we thi ...
Cover 1
This document outlines an assignment for a developmental psychology course. It lists 10 topics that must be addressed, including defining key terms like psychology, developmental psychology, growth, and maturation. It also requires discussing the branches of psychology, schools of thought in developmental psychology, research techniques, and principles of development. Major theories of cognitive and psychosocial development must be explained, including Piaget's model of cognitive development and Freud's stages of psychosexual development. The assignment is to be completed by a student named Christopher Chukwumezie Chukwudi for the University of Benin.
U 1.2 ob bba-ii contributing disciplines to the ob field
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PPT6.pptx
This document discusses the importance of self-involvement in community action. It emphasizes understanding the relationship between individuals and their community, as the success of community action relies on personal involvement. It provides questions for individuals to consider regarding their willingness and commitment to engage with their community. The document also discusses how to identify community problems, understand one's own motivations for participation, and ways to demonstrate solidarity, such as planning, fundraising, volunteering, and taking on leadership roles. It stresses listening to community members to understand problems and empowering them to participate in solutions.
Judaism_ppt.ppt
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1) Judaism originated in West Asia around 2000 BC and followers are known as Jews. The Hebrew Bible is the sacred text and includes the Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim.
2) Key beliefs include monotheism - worship of one God, and that human beings have free will and responsibility for their actions.
3) Important practices and observances include holidays like Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur and Passover, worship at synagogues, kosher dietary laws, and the Star of David as a symbol.
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Human Behavior and the Social Environment IHuman B
Human Behavior and the Social Environment I
Human Behavior and the
Social Environment I
SUSAN TYLER
U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R K A N S A S L I B R A R I E S
F AY E T T E V I L L E , A R
Human Behavior and the Social Environment I by Susan Tyler is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License,
except where otherwise noted.
All content CC BY-NC-SA unless otherwise noted.
Contents
Introduction 1
Attributions 6
Part I. The Person in Environment
Chapter 1: How We Use Our Expectations 25
Part II. The Biopsychosocial Dimension
Chapter 2: Lifespan Theories 79
Part III. The Sociocultural Dimension
Chapter 3: Theoretical Perspectives 105
Chapter 4: The Elements of Culture 120
Part IV. The Social Change Dimension
Chapter 5: Social Categorization & Stereotyping 161
Chapter 6: In-group Favoritism & Prejudice 191
Chapter 7: Reducing Discrimination 210
Chapter 8: Racial & Ethnic Inequality 233
Part V. Pre-Pregnancy & Prenatal Development
Chapter 9: Heredity, Prenatal Development, &
Birth
Heredity 280
Prenatal Development 291
Birth 320
279
Part VI. Development in Infancy & Toddlerhood
Chapter 10: Physical Development in Infancy &
Toddlerhood
347
Chapter 11: Cognitive Development in Infancy &
Toddlerhood
387
Chapter 12: Psychosocial Development in Infancy
& Toddlerhood
Infant Emotions 429
Forming Attachments 433
425
Part VII. Development in Early Childhood
Chapter 13: Physical Development in Early
Childhood
465
Chapter 14: Cognitive Development in Early
Childhood
502
Chapter 15: Psychosocial Development in Early
Childhood
551
Part VIII. Development in Middle Childhood
Chapter 16: Physical Development in Middle
Childhood
603
Chapter 17: Cognitive Development in Middle
Childhood
630
Chapter 18: Psychosocial Development in Middle
Childhood
690
Part IX. Development in Adolescence
Chapter 19: Physical Development in Adolescence 733
Chapter 20: Cognitive Development in
Adolescence
763
Chapter 21: Psychosocial Development in
Adolescence
786
Part X. Development in Early Adulthood
Chapter 22: Physical Development in Early
Adulthood
815
Chapter 23: Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
861
Chapter 24: Psychosocial Development in Early
Adulthood
897
Part XI. Development in Middle Adulthood
Chapter 25: Physical Development in Middle
Adulthood
959
Chapter 26: Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
1023
Chapter 27: Psychosocial Development in Middle
Adulthood
1064
Part XII. Development in Late Adulthood
Chapter 28: Physical Development in Late
Adulthood
1135
Chapter 29: Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
1197
Chapter 30: Psychosocial Development in Late
Adulthood
1245
Additional Resources 1299
Adopt this book! 1302
Why do people do the things they do?
That’s what we are here to find out – Human Behavior and the
Social Environment (HBSE) – How do they connect? How does it
shape us? Why do we thi ...
Cover 1
This document outlines an assignment for a developmental psychology course. It lists 10 topics that must be addressed, including defining key terms like psychology, developmental psychology, growth, and maturation. It also requires discussing the branches of psychology, schools of thought in developmental psychology, research techniques, and principles of development. Major theories of cognitive and psychosocial development must be explained, including Piaget's model of cognitive development and Freud's stages of psychosexual development. The assignment is to be completed by a student named Christopher Chukwumezie Chukwudi for the University of Benin.
U 1.2 ob bba-ii contributing disciplines to the ob field
Psychology, social psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science all contribute to the field of organizational behavior. Psychology studies individual behavior and factors like fatigue, boredom, and work conditions. Social psychology looks at how people influence each other regarding change and reducing barriers. Sociology examines group behavior in organizations and aspects like culture, structure, and conflict. Anthropology helps understand differences in values and behavior between cultures and organizations. Political science provides insight into behavior within political environments at various levels from countries to organizations.
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- 1. LESSON 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINES OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES
- 2. WHAT IS SOCIAL SCIENCES? SOCIAL SCIENCE Systematic study of social phenomena. The study of human society; particularly the area of study that relates to human behavior and society . A branch of science that deals with the institutions, the functioning of human society, and with the interpersonal relationships of individuals as members of society.
- 3. AN OVERVIEW: DISCIPLINES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Anthropology refers to the study of humans. Economics studies the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Geography is the science of place. History is a study of the past, principally how it relates to humans. Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure.
- 4. Political Science is a social science discipline that studies systems of government, and the analysis of political activity and behavior. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Sociology is the scientific study of human social relations or group life. Demography is the interdisciplinary study of the size, growth, and distribution of human populations. AN OVERVIEW: DISCIPLINES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
- 5. WHAT IS APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE? APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE practical social sciences are social sciences that apply social scientific theories and knowledge from social sciences to the physical environment or society. help us consider all helping situations to be multicultural in the sense that people's uniqueness such as personal history, culture, gender, social class, religion, language, etc. of individuals, groups and communities must be recognized in the helping process. EXAMPLE: Counseling applies the Theories of Psychology
- 6. WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES? Applied science works more with experimental data, which is the data gathered from the process of experimentation. Social science, on the other hand, works more with experiential data, which is data obtained from real-life experiences like interviews, surveys. While social science may explore broadly their distinct disciplines, some of their input may easily become applied while others may remain theoretical. When social science theories and concepts methods and findings gain application to problems identified in the wider society, then applied social science is achieved.
- 7. LESSON 2 THE DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING
- 8. WHAT IS COUNSELING? COUNSELING It comes from the Latin word “Consilium” meaning plan, council, wisdom, and advice. Counseling is a profession and a helping relationship that facilitates the development of individuals, groups and families that are based on the principle of empowerment that helps achieve personal, social, educational and career development.
- 9. PEOPLE WHO USE COUNSELING IN THEIR WORK A social worker performs some of the same functions as a counselor. According to Chron, in addition to providing counseling for all ages, social workers can help their clients obtain benefits and other services that they require. A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies normal and abnormal mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by experimenting with, and observing, interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and to their environments.
- 10. TEACHER Each teacher in the school has the obligation to contribute to a perfect realization of the harmony among cognitive, affective, behaviorist, attitudinal and social sides of students.
- 11. MEDICAL WORKER
- 12. GOALS OF COUNSELING The following are the goals of counseling: Facilitate change of behavior Promote decision making Enhance coping skills and adjustment Improve relationship skills Facilitate counselee or client potential
- 13. SCOPE OF COUNSELING Individual Counseling Identity problems, relationships, anxiety, depression, family problems, behavior management, gender (identity and sexuality), grief/bereavement, relationships, sexual abuse recovery, workplace stress and relationships, drug abuse, eating disorders, HIV, spirituality, status, and middle age syndrome. Marital and Pre-marital Counseling Marital and relationship dynamics, Relationship, and fertility issue. Family Counseling Children and adult behaviors, divorce/annulment and separation problems and adjustments, family problems, life stages, transitions, parenting and remarriage relationship counseling.
- 14. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING The basic principles are the following: Listening skills - This is the number one skill that a counselor should always consider in a counseling process. Resistance - human behavior is very complex, and people respond to things differently. Respect - Counselor should have respect for his/her client no matter how weird, strange, peculiar, different the customer is with you.
- 15. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING The basic principles are the following: Empathy or Unconditional Positive Regard Clarification, confrontation, and interpretation - These principles are techniques of therapeutic intervention that are advanced. Transference and Counter-transference - a process somewhat related to projection.