Welders face various occupational hazards such as electrical shock, exposure to toxic fumes and gases, excessive noise, fires and explosions, optical hazards from sparks and hot metal, and injuries from working in difficult environments with hot metals. Proper personal protective equipment can help reduce these risks and includes protective eyewear, helmets, gloves, respirators, protective clothing that covers the body and feet, and ear protection from loud welding noises. Selecting the right PPE is important for each welding process and should be based on a job hazard analysis.

1. PPE FOR WELDERS
Anuja dhakal
Bovs III year

2. who are welders?
• In a broad sense, a welder is anyone, amateur or professional, who uses welding
equipment, perhaps especially one who uses such equipment fairly often.
• In a narrower sense, a welder is a tradesperson who specializes in fusing
materials together. The term welder refers to the operator, the machine is
referred to as the welding power supply. The materials to be joined can be
metals (such as steel, aluminum, brass, stainless steel etc.) or varieties of plastic
or polymer.

3. Welding is a growing industrial process, widely used for the permanent joining of metal parts.

5. JOB DESCRIPTION
• Occupation type Vocational
• Activity sectors Construction
Industrial manufacturing
Shipbuilding
Description
• Competencies Manual dexterity
Math
Reading and comprehension
• Education required Industrial Training Institute (ITI), Apprenticeship
• Related jobs Boilermaker, carpenter, electrician, plumber

6. • Electrical shock. Electrical shock is one of the most common accidents welders face.
• Exposure to fumes and gases. Welders are exposed daily to toxic welding fumes and
gases, such as harmful metal oxide compounds, base metals, and base metal
coatings, and minerals like manganese that can cause respiratory illnesses.
• Excessive noise. Welders can be exposed to dangerous noise levels—above 85
decibels averaged during their workday—and flying debris that can penetrate their
ear canals.
What are the causes of welding accidents?

7. • Fires and explosions. Because of the high heat of the welding arc and the hazardous
fumes, gases, and chemicals welders work with, they face a serious risk of being
injured or killed in a fire or other explosion.
• Optical hazards. Sparks and hot metal drops can saturate the air and injure welder’s
eyes. In addition, welders risk welder’s flash, eye arc, and flash burns—caused by
ultraviolet and infrared radiation from the electrical arc in the welding process.
• Difficult work environments. Welders must often work long hours in cramped
working environments where their bodies are in awkward positions for lengthy
periods.
• Hot metals. Welders are exposed to extremely hot metals, such as molten metals
and hot slag, causing them to suffer serious burns.

8. • The dangers that welders are exposed to daily can cause life-altering injuries or
result in their deaths. Some of these injuries include:
• Eye damage, vision loss, and blindness
• Electrical shocks and burns
• Severe burns that can be life-threatening
• Hearing loss and deafness
• Lung damage
• Brain damage
• Nerve damage
• Skin lacerations
• Musculoskeletal injuries
• Crushed toes and fingers
• Welders’ Parkinson’s Disease
Source: Hart Law firm www.thehartlawfirm.com

9. Source of ocular injury among welders
• 1) mechanical flying pieces of metal from hammering and drilling
• 2)chemical explosions from gas welding
• Brazing and gas welding fluxes containing fluorine compounds
• 3)Thermal intense heat from arc welding
• 4)Electrical electrical shock

10. 1) OCULAR ADNEXAL INJURIES

11. 2)ANTERIOR SEGMENT

15. 3)POSTERIOR SEGMENT

17. SUMMARY
• pterygia,
• pingueculae,
• keratopathy,
• Maculopathy
• photo keratoconjunctivitis,
• chronic actinic keratopathy,
• photophthalmia,
• corneal opacity,
• traumatic mydriasis,
• traumatic iritis and foreign bodies

18. • The chief source of ocular injury as reported by the welders in this study
were flying metal chips and arc rays. Similar studies have reported the
same sources of injury.
Ocular disorders which have been reported in welders include
conjunctival degeneration, such as pterygia, pingueculae, and
photokeratoconjunctivitis
Fiebai, B., & Awoyesuku, E. (2011). Ocular injuries among industrial welders in Port Harcourt,
Nigeria. Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 5, 1261–1263. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S20297

19. HAZARD CONTROL

21. PPE SELECTION
•PPE selection should be based on a job hazard analysis
(JHA), which includes evaluation of hazards, specific
tasks, procedures and work practices, in consultation with
area supervision and EH&S as needed.

24. 1)Eye Protection for welders
• Safety glasses, safety goggles, laser eyewear, face shields and
helmets provide a level of protection as designated by the
manufacturer.
• The hazard and the protection standards for each piece of eye and
face protection PPE must be considered during selection.

25. Can you wear contact lenses when welding?
• The CSA Standard W117.2 states that contact lenses should not be worn by welders
and welding personnel because foreign bodies (objects) in the eye can cause
excessive irritation. Contact lenses do not provide protection from ultraviolet radiation
and flying objects. All workers in proximity to welding procedures must wear
appropriate eye protection according to the circumstances. The OSH Answers
document Contact Lenses at Work discusses how dust particles or chemicals can
irritate the eyes.
• Contact lenses, however, don't serve a safety function; welders should wear goggles
or glasses with contact lenses to ensure proper eye protection.
https://www.thefabricator.com/thewelder/article/safety/keeping-an-eye-on-safety-how-to-protect-welders-from-eye-injuries

29. Goggles or other suitable eye protection shall be used during all gas welding or oxygen cutting
operations. Spectacles without side shields, with suitable filter lenses are permitted for use during gas
welding operations on light work, for torch brazing or for inspection.
Goggles shall be ventilated to prevent fogging of the lenses as much as practicable.
All glass for lenses shall be tempered, substantially free from striae, air bubbles, waves and other flaws.
Except when a lens is ground to provide proper optical correction for defective vision, the front and rear
surfaces of lenses and windows shall be smooth and parallel.

32. SO, WHAT TYPE OF WELDING OCULAR INJURY WE
ENCOUNTER IN OPD??
• Injury caused TIG ( TUNGSTEN INERT GAS) also know as gas tungsten arc welding .
• Used for materials like aluminum, steel, nickel alloys, copper alloys, cobalt and titanium. TIG
welders can be used to weld steel, stainless steel, chromoly, aluminum, nickel alloys,
magnesium, copper, brass, bronze, and even gold.

33. Available lenses to protect from TIG
welding !
Polycarbonate lens
Safety Glasses Shade #10.
ATHERMAL glass offers eye protection for welding
operations.

34. Safety glasses shade 8

35. •Material: Polycarbonate
•Dark shade: 10

36. What else should you know about eye
protection?
• Choose a tight fitting helmet to help reduce light reflection into the helmet through
the space between the shell and the head.
• Wear the helmet correctly. Do not use it as a hand shield.
• Protect the shade lens from impact and sudden temperature changes that could
cause it to crack.

37. • Use a cover lens to protect the filter shade lens. Replace the cover lens if it gets
scratched or hazy.
• Make sure to replace the gasket periodically if your helmet uses one.
• Replace the clear retaining lens to protect your eyes from broken pieces.
• Clean lenses periodically.
• Discard pitted, cracked or damaged lenses.

38. 2)Face protection for welders
• Helmets or hand shields should be used during all arc welding or arc cutting operations,
excluding submerged arc welding.
• Helmets and hand shields shall be made of a material which is an insulator for heat and
electricity.
• Helmets and hand shields shall be arranged to protect the face, neck and ears from direct
radiant energy from the arc.
• Protects the face from ace hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals,
acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation.

39. https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/safety_haz/welding/ppe.html

41. 3)Respirators for welders
• General mechanical ventilation shall be of sufficient
capacity and so arranged as to produce the number of air
changes necessary to maintain welding fumes and smoke
within safe limits.

43. 4)Hand protection for welders
• Welding is hazardous work, and the gloves must protect not only the hands but also the
wrist. For TIG welding, consider top grain cowhide, pig skin leather, or goat skin leather.
• If welders use a machine over a 50% duty cycle and beads are in excess of five feet,
manufacturers recommend adding heat-resistant materials to protect forearms, worn either
under or over the welding jacket.

44. • Welding over 90 amps: the glove should
have Kevlar thread
• 125 amps or more: the glove should have
some cotton insulation
• 250 amps or more: the glove should
have cotton and foam insulation
• Over 500 amps: the glove should have a
backhand pad or a reflective material on
the back of the hand

46. 4)Ear protection for welders
• The H505B earmuff helps reduce exposure to the loud noises associated with welding, cutting
or grinding.
• If employees are exposed to noise hazards over 85 dBA (decibels measured on the A scale of a
sound level meter) a hearing conservation program must be implemented.

48. 5)Body protection

49. 6)Foot protection for welders
• critical component to safety.
• A welders feet must also be protected from falling objects, flying sparks, and hot slag. Closed
toed, leather, high top shoes will provide the best protection.